Body Structure and Processes - Muscular System PT1 -
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| name muscle tissues | cardiac smooth skeletal
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| what are muscles specialised for? | contraction
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| why do muscles contract? | due to interaction between actin and myosin filaments
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| structure of cardiac muscles? | short branched and striated
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| describe the nucleus in the cardiac muscle | single nucleus
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| how are cells connected in cardiac muscles | interconnected by intercalated discs
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| where is cardiac muscle found? | heart
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| function of cardiac muscle? | circulates blood and maintains blood pressure
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| why is cardiac muscle described as involuntary | regulated by ANS
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| cardiac muscle contains many what to allow continuous and rhythmic contractions of heart | mitochondria
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| cardiac muscle contains many mitochondria to allow what? | continuous and rhythmic contractions of heart
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| structure of smooth muscle? | short spindle shaped and non striated
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| describe nucleus in smooth muscle tissue | single central nucleus
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| where is smooth muscle found | walls of hollow organs - blood vessels, bladder and uterus
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| what does smooth muscle facilitate? | movements in these organs
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| movements in organs such as blood vessels, uterus and bladder is facilitated by what? | smooth muscle
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| why is smooth muscle not under conscious control? | crucial for digestion and vessel regulation
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| describe contractions in smooth muscle | slow and sustained
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| smooth muscle has a what for regeneration | higher capacity
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| smooth muscle has a higher capacity for regeneration which is important for what? | healing and maintaining function
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| structure of skeletal muscle? | long cylindrical striated
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| describe the nucleus in skeletal muscle | multinucleate
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| location of skeletal muscle? | combined with connective tissues and neural tissue in skeletal muscles
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| difference in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle nucleus | skeletal muscle has multinucleate and cardiac muscle has uni nucleate
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| difference in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle movement | skeletal is voluntary and cardiac is automatic
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| difference in skeletal and cardiac muscle structure | skeletal is striated and cardiac is branched and intercalated
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| difference in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction | skeletal is short and cardiac is long
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| difference in skeletal and cardiac respiration | skeletal is aerobic and anaerobic but cardiac is only aerobic
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| difference in skeletal and cardiac junctions | skeletal has no gap junctions but cardiac has numerous gap junctions
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle nucleus | skeletal is multinucleate and smooth is uni nucleate
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle movement | skeletal is voluntary and smooth is automatic
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle structure | skeletal is striated but smooth is non striated
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle contraction | skeletal is short and smooth is variable
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle respiration | skeletal and smooth are both aerobic and anaerobic
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle in sacromeres | skeletal has sacromeres smooth does not
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle stimuli | skeletal has electrical and smooth has hormonal
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| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle innervation | skeletal is innverated smooth muscle is non innervated
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| skeletal muscles connect directly and/or indirectly to bone via what? | tendons
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| skeletal muscles connect to bone via tendons how | indirectly and/or directly
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| skeletal muscles connect to what indirectly and/or directly via tendons | bone
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| main functions of skeletal muscle? | movement
maintenance of posture
support of soft tissues
guarding orifices
maintenance of body temperature
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| orifices? | openings
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| what are muscles made from? | numerous muscle fascicles
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| what are muscle fascicles made of? | numerous muscle cells/fibres
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| skeletal muscles have how many collagen based connective tissue layers | 3
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| skeletal muscles have what type of tissue layers? | three collaged based connective tissue layers
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| epimysium? | surrounds whole muscle
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| perimysium? | surrounds muscle fascicles
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| endomysium? | surrounds muscle fibres
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| epimysium and perimysium is made from what? | collagen
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| epimysium separates what? | muscles from surrounding organs
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| perimysium divides what? | divides muscle into fascicles
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| perimysium contains what? | blood vessels and nerves which supply fascicles
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| endomysium connects what? | adjacent muscle fibres
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| endomysium contains what? | stem cells which are important for growth and repair
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| the three layers of connective tissue meet at both ends of skeletal muscles to form? | tendons and aponeuroses
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| the three layers of connective tissue meet where to form tendons and aponeuroses? | both ends of skeletal muscles
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| what do tendons do? | attach muscle to bone
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| what are tendons? | collagen bundles
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| in tendons, describe how collagen in incorporated in bone | collagen is tightly woven into the periosteum of the bone
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| aponeurosis do what? | attach adjacent muscles
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| what are aponeurosis? | collagen sheets
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