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Body Structure:
Body Structure and Processes - Muscular System PT1 -
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| name muscle tissues | cardiac smooth skeletal |
| what are muscles specialised for? | contraction |
| why do muscles contract? | due to interaction between actin and myosin filaments |
| structure of cardiac muscles? | short branched and striated |
| describe the nucleus in the cardiac muscle | single nucleus |
| how are cells connected in cardiac muscles | interconnected by intercalated discs |
| where is cardiac muscle found? | heart |
| function of cardiac muscle? | circulates blood and maintains blood pressure |
| why is cardiac muscle described as involuntary | regulated by ANS |
| cardiac muscle contains many what to allow continuous and rhythmic contractions of heart | mitochondria |
| cardiac muscle contains many mitochondria to allow what? | continuous and rhythmic contractions of heart |
| structure of smooth muscle? | short spindle shaped and non striated |
| describe nucleus in smooth muscle tissue | single central nucleus |
| where is smooth muscle found | walls of hollow organs - blood vessels, bladder and uterus |
| what does smooth muscle facilitate? | movements in these organs |
| movements in organs such as blood vessels, uterus and bladder is facilitated by what? | smooth muscle |
| why is smooth muscle not under conscious control? | crucial for digestion and vessel regulation |
| describe contractions in smooth muscle | slow and sustained |
| smooth muscle has a what for regeneration | higher capacity |
| smooth muscle has a higher capacity for regeneration which is important for what? | healing and maintaining function |
| structure of skeletal muscle? | long cylindrical striated |
| describe the nucleus in skeletal muscle | multinucleate |
| location of skeletal muscle? | combined with connective tissues and neural tissue in skeletal muscles |
| difference in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle nucleus | skeletal muscle has multinucleate and cardiac muscle has uni nucleate |
| difference in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle movement | skeletal is voluntary and cardiac is automatic |
| difference in skeletal and cardiac muscle structure | skeletal is striated and cardiac is branched and intercalated |
| difference in skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction | skeletal is short and cardiac is long |
| difference in skeletal and cardiac respiration | skeletal is aerobic and anaerobic but cardiac is only aerobic |
| difference in skeletal and cardiac junctions | skeletal has no gap junctions but cardiac has numerous gap junctions |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle nucleus | skeletal is multinucleate and smooth is uni nucleate |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle movement | skeletal is voluntary and smooth is automatic |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle structure | skeletal is striated but smooth is non striated |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle contraction | skeletal is short and smooth is variable |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle respiration | skeletal and smooth are both aerobic and anaerobic |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle in sacromeres | skeletal has sacromeres smooth does not |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle stimuli | skeletal has electrical and smooth has hormonal |
| difference in skeletal and smooth muscle innervation | skeletal is innverated smooth muscle is non innervated |
| skeletal muscles connect directly and/or indirectly to bone via what? | tendons |
| skeletal muscles connect to bone via tendons how | indirectly and/or directly |
| skeletal muscles connect to what indirectly and/or directly via tendons | bone |
| main functions of skeletal muscle? | movement maintenance of posture support of soft tissues guarding orifices maintenance of body temperature |
| orifices? | openings |
| what are muscles made from? | numerous muscle fascicles |
| what are muscle fascicles made of? | numerous muscle cells/fibres |
| skeletal muscles have how many collagen based connective tissue layers | 3 |
| skeletal muscles have what type of tissue layers? | three collaged based connective tissue layers |
| epimysium? | surrounds whole muscle |
| perimysium? | surrounds muscle fascicles |
| endomysium? | surrounds muscle fibres |
| epimysium and perimysium is made from what? | collagen |
| epimysium separates what? | muscles from surrounding organs |
| perimysium divides what? | divides muscle into fascicles |
| perimysium contains what? | blood vessels and nerves which supply fascicles |
| endomysium connects what? | adjacent muscle fibres |
| endomysium contains what? | stem cells which are important for growth and repair |
| the three layers of connective tissue meet at both ends of skeletal muscles to form? | tendons and aponeuroses |
| the three layers of connective tissue meet where to form tendons and aponeuroses? | both ends of skeletal muscles |
| what do tendons do? | attach muscle to bone |
| what are tendons? | collagen bundles |
| in tendons, describe how collagen in incorporated in bone | collagen is tightly woven into the periosteum of the bone |
| aponeurosis do what? | attach adjacent muscles |
| what are aponeurosis? | collagen sheets |
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cowcow
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