AGRI 4-6
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| -Formulation of policies and programs for agricultural development - Support R & D in agriculture - Implementation of agricultural extension services - Facilitation of financial assistance and subsidies for farmers | Department of Agriculture
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| -Development and promotion of sustainable farming practices -Coordination with LGUs and other stakeholders | Department of Agriculture
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| - Promotion of agribusiness through trade and investment facilitation - Support for SMEs in agribusiness - Development of marketing and exportation strategies for agricultural products | Department of Trade and Industry
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| - Assistance in business registration and compliance - Organization of trade fairs and business matching events | Department of Trade and Industry
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| - Provision of irrigation infrastructure and services to enhance crop production - Management of irrigation systems and water resources - Support for modern irrigation technologies and practices | National Irrigation Administration
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| - Planning and implementation of irrigation projects - Maintenance and upgrading of existing irrigation facilities | National Irrigation Administration
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| - Provision of insurance coverage for agricultural crops and livestock - Risk management for farmers and agribusinesses | Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
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| - Implementation of crop insurance programs - Support for risk assessment and mitigation strategies | Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
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| - Regulation and certification of plant varieties and seeds - Promotion of plant health and pest management | Bureau of Plant Industry
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| - R & D in plant breeding - Certification and quality control of plant products | Bureau of Plant Industry
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| - Management of natural resources and environmental protection - Implementation of sustainable land use and forestry programs | Department of Environment and Natural Resources
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| - Regulation of land use and environmental compliance for agribusinesses - Support for reforestation and conservation initiatives | Department of Environment and Natural Resources
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| - Crucial government agency under the DA - Focus is on the development and regulation of the livestock and poultry sector | Bureau of Animal Industry
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| - Develops and implements policies, regulations, and programs related to animal health and production - Formulates national policies for livestock and poultry industries - Provides guidance on best practices for animal husbandry and biosecurity | Bureau of Animal Industry (Policy Formulation and
Implementation)
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| - Ensures the health and well-being of animals through disease prevention and control measures - Monitors and controls animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), avian influenza, and African swine fever | Bureau of Animal Industry (Animal Health and Disease Control)
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| -Promotes the growth and sustainability of the livestock and poultry sectors - Supports research and development in animal breeding and genetics - Facilitates the introduction of advanced and sustainable livestock management practices | Bureau of Animal Industry (Livestock and Poultry Development)
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| -Regulates and certifies animal products to ensure safety and quality - Issues certifications for the import and export of livestock and poultry - Regulates the slaughter and processing of meat products to ensure compliance with safety standards | Bureau of Animal Industry (Regulation and Certification)
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| -Enhances the skills and knowledge of stakeholders in the animal industry - Conducts training programs and workshops for farmers, veterinarians, and industry professionals | Bureau of Animal Industry (Training and Capacity Building)
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| -Supports scientific research to advance animal industry practices - Conducts research on animal diseases, nutrition, and management practices | Bureau of Animal Industry (Research and Development)
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| (Global Trends and Issues in Agribusiness) Agriculture around the globe is affected by climate change and globalization | True
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| Climate change effects, such as floods and droughts, affected our farmers’ ability to produce more sustainably | True
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| connects agriculture and market because it created dependency on international trade. This interconnectedness means that local farming practices have to adapt to global trends and market demands, pressuring smaller farmers, exacerbating inequalities. | Globalization
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| Key trends shaping global agriculture: | 1. Increasing population
2. Biotechnology/genetics
3. Climate change/environment
4. Security of food supplies
5. Health and wellness
6. Sustainability/renewables
7. Land and water constraints
8. More wealthier consumers
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| Population growth - 9.7B by 2050 which necessitates a significant boost in food production - This dramatic increase has a significant impact on food production because demand is more than the population (depend on population and income growths | True
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| Demand for diverse food rises. More people moving to urban areas drive need for efficient food supply/supply chains | Urbanization
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| (Changing diets) Growing middle-class populations (in developing countries) which lead to increased consumption of protein-rich foods. Requires more resources and innovation, especially in livestock production | True
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| (Shift toward sustainable and organic farming practices) Consumer awareness - Preference for organic and sustainably sourced products - For health and environmental concerns | True
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| (Sustainable agriculture practices) Planting crops sequentially on the same plot to improve soil health which are being driven out by the use of different chemicals, optimizing soil nutrients and combatting pests | Crop rotation
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| Plants are planted to cover the soil rather than for the purpose of being harvested. Manages soil erosions, soil fertility, soil quality | Cover cropping
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| Integrates trees, crops, pastures. Incorporates forestry and agricultural technology to enhance soil health and biodiversity | Agroforestry
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| (Certification and Standards) Provide framework for producers enabling them to meet consumer demand while ensuring fair practices | True
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| Using data and technology to optimize field-level management regarding crop farming. Making farming more precise and accurate with the use of right technology and equipment | Precision Agriculture
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| Agriculture is land and labor based results to inconsistency. Can monitor moisture levels, pest stress, soil conditions, and micro-climates | Precision Agriculture
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| Tools used for precision agriculture: | drones, GPS, IoT
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| Benefits of precision agriculture: | - Increase efficiency
- Reduces waste
- Enhance crop yields
- While minimizing environmental impact
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| An animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. For higher yields, pest resistance, or drought tolerance. Farmers can use less pesticides | Genetically modified organism (GMO)
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| Gene-editing technology allows for precise alterations in crop genetics. Potentially leads to more resilient plant variants. These also face scrutiny over health and environmental concerns, normally highlighting need for transparency and regulations. | CRISPR Technology
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| A platform providing farmers with tools for better decision making (weather forecasts, analyzing market prices, pest management). Utilizes big data, optimizes production practices, and enhances supply chain | Agtech
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| An area of agricultural science involving the use of scientific tools and techniques including: - Genetic engineering - Molecular markets - Molecular diagnostics - Vaccines - Tissue culture | Agritech
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| A type of modern biotechnology used to modify the genome – or genetic material. Played a pivotal role in revolutionizing agriculture. Develop a desired trait in the recipient organism | Genetic engineering
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| Benefits of genetic engineering: | - Increased crop yields
- Reduced costs for food
- Reduced need for pesticides
- Enhanced nutrient composition and food quality
- Resistance to pests and disease
- Greater food security
- Medical benefits
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| The in vitro preservation and proliferation of isolated cells, tissues, or organs in a comfortable condition. Used to rapidly produce many identical new plants from one parent plant. | Tissue Culture
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| Using online platforms. Improves margins and brand loyalty | Direct-to-consumer sales
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| Online marketplaces are expanding access to diverse agricultural products, allowing for better reach and customer engagement. | Marketplace growth
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| Farmers must navigate logistics, technology adoption, and competition from more players. | Challenges of E-commerce platforms
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| 2021/2022 was the year for agricultural innovation because the pandemic was almost over. Across the board, major players made great strides toward digitalization: automation and regenerative access. | True
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| Originated in the mid-1970s, originally focused on the food supply problem, expanded and defined in the year 2001. Globally deteriorating food security situation. | Food security
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| A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritional food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. | Food security
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| Natural gas has been in short supply since Russia cut off supply to Western groups. Russia’s war in Ukraine fueled a global food crisis and soaring fertilizer prices. Russia and Ukraine are key global exporters of grain. | True (Russia is one of the largest exporters of fertilizers
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| Instrumental in their production of ammonia, large suppliers had to scale back production or cease operations as some output decreased in Europe in response to a lack of supply, as Russia accounts for 40% of global potash production and 20% of global nit | True
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| It is the common name given to a group of minerals and chemicals that contain potassium (chemical symbol K), which is a basic nutrient for plants and an important ingredient in fertilizer. | Potash
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| It is produced mostly in the form of potassium chloride (KCl), also known as muriate of potash (MOP). | Potash
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| Inflation: - 5% increase in food price - 85.7% increase in ammonia price - Increase in RM resulting in: - Decline in demand - Affect purchasing power of consumers | True
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| Surges in international commodity prices due to: - Global supply chain disruptions - Depreciation of the local currency | True
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| An increase in global temperature by 1.5C would decrease crop output by <25%. Needs 70% increase by 2050 | Climate Change
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| - Arable land loss is 30 to 35% higher - 12 million hectares of land lost to desertification each year - The soil erodes, and vegetation is lost | True
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| It will take 500 years for 2.5cm of soil to form, compared to the measly few years it takes to dissolve, needing sustainable practices. | True
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| A piece of land with a fixed boundary wherein crops are raised or animals are reared for | Farm
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| Coordination of all activities in farming from land preparation to harvesting for realizing sustainable profits | Management
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| Science dealing with judicious decisions on the use of scarce farm resources, having alternative uses to obtain the maximum profit on sustainable basis. Organization and operation of farms with a view to make continuous profits | Farm Management
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| Each decision has an impact on the farm and on the farm household. Even deciding to do nothing is a decision and has an impact | True
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| The more a farmer is aware of the DM processes that affect farm & household the more sustainable the enterprise will be an the more likely it will become profitable and sustainable | True
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| Seeks to help farmers in deciding problems like: - What to produce - How much to produce - How to produce - What to buy and sell | True
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| Farmers are resource managers who endeavor to manipulate their land, capital, and other resources to achieve certain ends. These ends or goals vary with each farmer’s responsibilities and sometimes also with his ambitions for himself and his family. | True
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| Farm business management concerns the decisions to be made by the proprietor, owner, or manager, which affect the ability of the farm to make profits. | True
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| Surges in international commodity prices due to: - Global supply chain disruptions - Depreciation of the local currency | True
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| An increase in global temperature by 1.5C would decrease crop output by <25%. Needs 70% increase by 2050 | Climate Change
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| - Arable land loss is 30 to 35% higher - 12 million hectares of land lost to desertification each year - The soil erodes, and vegetation is lost | True
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| It will take 500 years for 2.5cm of soil to form, compared to the measly few years it takes to dissolve, needing sustainable practices. | True
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| A piece of land with a fixed boundary wherein crops are raised or animals are reared for | Farm
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| Coordination of all activities in farming from land preparation to harvesting for realizing sustainable profits | Management
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| Science dealing with judicious decisions on the use of scarce farm resources, having alternative uses to obtain the maximum profit on sustainable basis. Organization and operation of farms with a view to make continuous profits | Farm Management
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| Each decision has an impact on the farm and on the farm household. Even deciding to do nothing is a decision and has an impact | True
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| The more a farmer is aware of the DM processes that affect farm & household the more sustainable the enterprise will be an the more likely it will become profitable and sustainable | True
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| Seeks to help farmers in deciding problems like: - What to produce - How much to produce - How to produce - What to buy and sell | True
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| Farmers are resource managers who endeavor to manipulate their land, capital, and other resources to achieve certain ends. These ends or goals vary with each farmer’s responsibilities and sometimes also with his ambitions for himself and his family. | True
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| Farm business management concerns the decisions to be made by the proprietor, owner, or manager, which affect the ability of the farm to make profits. | True
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