Musculoskeletal System/Orthopedics
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| epiphyseal plate | growth plate
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| epiphyses | ends of bones
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| diaphysis | middle of bone (shaft)
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| metaphysis | neck (connects the diaphysis with the epiphysis
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| axial (skeleton) | center bones (skull, spine (vertebrae), sternum, and ribs)
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| appendicular (skeleton) | arms and legs
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| cervical | neck region-7 cervical verebrae
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| thoracic | chest region
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| lumbar | lower back region
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| oste/o | bone
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| osteopathy | disease of the bone
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| periosteum | tissue that covers the outside of the bone
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| crani/o | head, skull
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| craniometer | measures the size of the skull
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| craniomalacia | softening of the skull
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| cervic/o | neck
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| cervicitis | inflammation of the neck
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| spondyl/o | vertebra
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| spondylitis | inflammation of the vertebra
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| lumb/o | loin, lower back
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| lumbodynia | pain in the lower back
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| brachi/o | arm
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| brachiocephalic | pertaining to the arm and head
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| brachialgia | pain in the arm
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| dactyl/o | finger
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| adactyly | without a finger
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| dactylagia | pain in the finger
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| carp/o | wrist
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| carpectomy | removal of wrist bones
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| metacarpal | beyond the carpals (bones of the hand)
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| cost/o | rib
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| costectomy | removal of a rib
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| intercostal | pertaining to btwn the ribs
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| femor/o | femur
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| femoral artery | large artery found in the thigh, provides arterial blood to thigh region
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| tibi/o | pain in the tibia (shinbone)
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| tars/o | ankle
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| tarsitis | inflammation of the ankle
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| tarsalgia | pain in the ankle
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| extension/flexion | "body part extended outward, body part brought closer/flexed in"
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| adduction/abduction | bringing upper/lower extremity CLOSER to midline , bringing upper/lower extremity AWAY from midline
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| ligaments | join bone to bone
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| tendons | join muscle to bone (thick bands of connective tissue)
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| cartilage | found at ends of bones (within moveable joint), allows for smooth movement
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| bursae | sacs of fluid found under tendons to cushion
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| chondritis | inflammation of the cartilage
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| chondrodynia | pain in the cartilage
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| arthr/o | joint
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| arthritis | inflammation of the joint
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| arthroscopic surgery | insertion of a small camera and tool to view and correct problems of the joint
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| burs/o | bursa
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| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa
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| bursectomy | removal of the bursa
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| fascia | membrane
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| skeletal/striated muscles | attaches to bones, has striations, encased in fascia (voluntary mvmt)
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| cardiac muscle | has striations, only found in the heart (involuntary mvmt)
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| smooth muscle | lines hollow organs like blood vessels and airways, (involuntary mvmt)
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| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon
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| tenodynia | pain in the tendon
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| tendolysis | breakdown of the tendon
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| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon
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| muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | muscle
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| musculoskeletal | made up of the muscles and bones
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| myopathy | disease of the muscle
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| myositis | inflammation of the muscle
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| fasci/o | fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together
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| fasciotomy | incision into the fascia
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| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| ton/o | tone/pressure/tension
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| tax/o | arrangement, order, and/or coordination
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| -paresis | partial paralysis
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| -plegia | complete paralysis
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| dystonia | abnormal tone
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| tonograph | device that measures tension
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| kinesiology | study of movement
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| hyperkinesia | excessive movement
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| kinetic energy | energy of motion
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| ataxia/dystaxia | absence of movement, poor coordination
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| hypotaxia | reduced movement
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| ankylosis | condition of being stiff
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| ankylodactyly | adhesion between two fingers
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| ostalgia/ostealgia/osteodynia | pain in the bone
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| arthralgia/arthrodynia | pain in the joint
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| tenalgia | pain in the tendon
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| myalgia/myodynia | pain in the muscle
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| atrophy | lack of development, wasting away
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| hypertrophy | over development
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| genu valgum | bow legged
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| genu varum | knock-kneed
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| crepitus | joint makes a crackling sound when bent
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| hypotonia/hypertonia | decrease/increase in tone
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| dyskinesia | inability to control movement
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| bradykinesia/ | slow movement
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| mysospasms | twitches
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| costalgia | pain in rib
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| metatarsalgia | pain in metatarsals (hands)
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| spondylodynia | pain i nvertebra
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| tibialgia | pain in tibia (shin bone)
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| arthralgia, arthrodynia, cervicodynia | neck pain
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| dystonia | poor muscle tone
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| arthrocele | hernia of a joint
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| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints
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| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint
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| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones
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| hemarthrosis | blood in the joint
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| hydraarthrosis | fluid in the joint
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| pyarthrosis | pus in the joint
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| analgesic | relieves pain
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| anti-inflammatory | reduces swelling
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| antipyretic | lowers fever
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| antiarthritic | reduces joint inflammation
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| closed reduction | returning bones to proper position WITHOUT surgery
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| open reduction | returning bones to proper position WITH surgery
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| external fixation | fixation (keeping still) of a bone from OUTSIDE the body (cast/splint)
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| internal fixation | fixation (keeping still) of a bone from the INSIDE the body (plates/screws)
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| orthotics/prosthesis | straighten or help to straighten/stabilize part of body/ replaces a missing part
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| -clasia | surgical breaking
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| -plasty | reconstruction
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| -omy/-otomy | incision
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| -desis | surgical fixation
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