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Med Term Chpt 4
Musculoskeletal System/Orthopedics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
| epiphyses | ends of bones |
| diaphysis | middle of bone (shaft) |
| metaphysis | neck (connects the diaphysis with the epiphysis |
| axial (skeleton) | center bones (skull, spine (vertebrae), sternum, and ribs) |
| appendicular (skeleton) | arms and legs |
| cervical | neck region-7 cervical verebrae |
| thoracic | chest region |
| lumbar | lower back region |
| oste/o | bone |
| osteopathy | disease of the bone |
| periosteum | tissue that covers the outside of the bone |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| craniometer | measures the size of the skull |
| craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
| cervic/o | neck |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the neck |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| spondylitis | inflammation of the vertebra |
| lumb/o | loin, lower back |
| lumbodynia | pain in the lower back |
| brachi/o | arm |
| brachiocephalic | pertaining to the arm and head |
| brachialgia | pain in the arm |
| dactyl/o | finger |
| adactyly | without a finger |
| dactylagia | pain in the finger |
| carp/o | wrist |
| carpectomy | removal of wrist bones |
| metacarpal | beyond the carpals (bones of the hand) |
| cost/o | rib |
| costectomy | removal of a rib |
| intercostal | pertaining to btwn the ribs |
| femor/o | femur |
| femoral artery | large artery found in the thigh, provides arterial blood to thigh region |
| tibi/o | pain in the tibia (shinbone) |
| tars/o | ankle |
| tarsitis | inflammation of the ankle |
| tarsalgia | pain in the ankle |
| extension/flexion | "body part extended outward, body part brought closer/flexed in" |
| adduction/abduction | bringing upper/lower extremity CLOSER to midline , bringing upper/lower extremity AWAY from midline |
| ligaments | join bone to bone |
| tendons | join muscle to bone (thick bands of connective tissue) |
| cartilage | found at ends of bones (within moveable joint), allows for smooth movement |
| bursae | sacs of fluid found under tendons to cushion |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| chondritis | inflammation of the cartilage |
| chondrodynia | pain in the cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joint |
| arthroscopic surgery | insertion of a small camera and tool to view and correct problems of the joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| bursectomy | removal of the bursa |
| fascia | membrane |
| skeletal/striated muscles | attaches to bones, has striations, encased in fascia (voluntary mvmt) |
| cardiac muscle | has striations, only found in the heart (involuntary mvmt) |
| smooth muscle | lines hollow organs like blood vessels and airways, (involuntary mvmt) |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| tenodynia | pain in the tendon |
| tendolysis | breakdown of the tendon |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon |
| muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| musculoskeletal | made up of the muscles and bones |
| myopathy | disease of the muscle |
| myositis | inflammation of the muscle |
| fasci/o | fascia (fibrous connective tissue binding muscles together |
| fasciotomy | incision into the fascia |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| ton/o | tone/pressure/tension |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, and/or coordination |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| -plegia | complete paralysis |
| dystonia | abnormal tone |
| tonograph | device that measures tension |
| kinesiology | study of movement |
| hyperkinesia | excessive movement |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| ataxia/dystaxia | absence of movement, poor coordination |
| hypotaxia | reduced movement |
| ankylosis | condition of being stiff |
| ankylodactyly | adhesion between two fingers |
| ostalgia/ostealgia/osteodynia | pain in the bone |
| arthralgia/arthrodynia | pain in the joint |
| tenalgia | pain in the tendon |
| myalgia/myodynia | pain in the muscle |
| atrophy | lack of development, wasting away |
| hypertrophy | over development |
| genu valgum | bow legged |
| genu varum | knock-kneed |
| crepitus | joint makes a crackling sound when bent |
| hypotonia/hypertonia | decrease/increase in tone |
| dyskinesia | inability to control movement |
| bradykinesia/ | slow movement |
| mysospasms | twitches |
| costalgia | pain in rib |
| metatarsalgia | pain in metatarsals (hands) |
| spondylodynia | pain i nvertebra |
| tibialgia | pain in tibia (shin bone) |
| arthralgia, arthrodynia, cervicodynia | neck pain |
| dystonia | poor muscle tone |
| arthrocele | hernia of a joint |
| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints |
| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| hemarthrosis | blood in the joint |
| hydraarthrosis | fluid in the joint |
| pyarthrosis | pus in the joint |
| analgesic | relieves pain |
| anti-inflammatory | reduces swelling |
| antipyretic | lowers fever |
| antiarthritic | reduces joint inflammation |
| closed reduction | returning bones to proper position WITHOUT surgery |
| open reduction | returning bones to proper position WITH surgery |
| external fixation | fixation (keeping still) of a bone from OUTSIDE the body (cast/splint) |
| internal fixation | fixation (keeping still) of a bone from the INSIDE the body (plates/screws) |
| orthotics/prosthesis | straighten or help to straighten/stabilize part of body/ replaces a missing part |
| -clasia | surgical breaking |
| -plasty | reconstruction |
| -omy/-otomy | incision |
| -desis | surgical fixation |
Created by:
cynmur1110
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