Anatomy & Physiology
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| show | Relating to the abdomen (belly).
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| abdominopelvic cavity (ab-dom-ih-no-PEL-vik) | show 🗑
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| show | Movement away from the midline of the body.
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| show | Uptake or incorporation of a substance such as a gas or liquid or energy (light or heat) into another substance or tissue.
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| acid | show 🗑
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| show | The quality of having a high number of + hydrogen ions (H) and a pH below 7.
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| show | Pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder.
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| actin (AK-tin) | show 🗑
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| show | Electrochemical signal that travels along a neuron; also known as a nerve impulse .
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| show | Cellular transport mechanism that requires energy to move substances against a concentration or pressure gradient.
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| acute (ah-KYOOT) | show 🗑
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| acute stage (ah-KYOOT) | show 🗑
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| show | Adjustment in the sensitivity of a sensory receptor to continued or repeated stimulus.
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| show | Defensive body reaction involving B and T cell activation by a specific pathogen; also known as a specific immune response.
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| adduction (ad-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Compound formed when one phosphate group is broken off an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule to provide energy for cellular work.
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| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (uh-DEN-o-sin try-FAHS-fayt) | show 🗑
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| show | Point in connective tissue where fibers are bound together and/or ground substance is thick and stiff.
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| adrenal cortex (ah-DREE-nuhl KOR-teks) | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine gland situated on top of each kidney; also known as suprarenal gland.
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| show | Inner section of adrenal glands; secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline.
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| adrenaline (ah-DREN-ah-lin) | show 🗑
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| show | One of the tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
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| show | Method of energy production that requires oxygen; includes the Krebs cycle.
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| show | Conducting toward a center; flowing inward.
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| show | Muscle that generates most of the power for motion; also known as the prime mover.
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| alarm response | show 🗑
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| show | Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; causes kidneys to increase sodium retention and secretion of potassium.
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| alkaline (AL-kuh-lin) | show 🗑
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| all-or-none response | show 🗑
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| allergen (AL-er-jen) | show 🗑
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| show | Science-based Western medicine system that uses medication or surgery to treat or suppress symptoms or ill effects of a disease rather than maintain and preserve health.
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| show | State of having adapted to a chronic stressor by making physical or chemical changes in the body; a less healthy and stable homeostasis.
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| show | Neuronal reflex loop that mediates the stretch reflex; created by an alpha sensory neuron originating in the muscle spindle and an alpha motor neuron that stimulates extrafusal muscle fibers.
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| show | Microscopic air sacs in the lungs at the end of the bronchial tree that serve as the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange (singular: alveolus).
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| show | Molecular building block of proteins.
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| amniotic sac (am-nee-AH-tik) | show 🗑
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| show | Type of joint in which there is a cartilage disc between bony surfaces that allows partial movement; also known as a cartilaginous joint .
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| amylase (AM-ih-lays) | show 🗑
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| show | Process that occurs when the body uses nutrients as building blocks, either storing the nutrient for use at a later time or using it to repair and build new tissue.
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| anaerobic cellular metabolism (an-ah-RO-bik) | show 🗑
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| show | Distal portion of the rectum.
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| anastomosis (ah-NAS-tuh-MO-sis) | show 🗑
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| show | Position in which a person stands upright with arms at the sides and the face, palms, and feet facing forward; the basis for all regional, directional, and movement terminology.
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| show | The form and structure of an organism, such as the human body; also the branch of science that studies the structure of organisms.
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| show | Thin hair-like fibers attached to the epithelial flaps of lymphatic initial vessels that hold or anchor the initial vessel in place and open the vessel when pulled by tissue stretch.
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| show | Steroid that acts as a male sex hormone; controls the development of masculine characteristics in both sexes.
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| anemia (ah-NEE-mee-ah) | show 🗑
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| angion (AN-jee-on) | show 🗑
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| show | Junction between the lymphatic ducts and the subclavian veins; also known as the lymphatic terminus .
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| antagonist (an-TAG-ah-nist) | show 🗑
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| antagonistic effect (an-TAG-ah-nis-tik) | show 🗑
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| antebrachial (ant-ee-BRAY-kee-uhl) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the anterior elbow.
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| anterior (an-TEER-ee-or) | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma protein released by plasma B cells that can bind with an antigen to neutralize or kill it; also known as immunoglobulin .
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| antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) (AN-tih-bah- dee MEE-dee-ay-ted ih-MYU-nih-tee) | show 🗑
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| show | Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that inhibits urine production in the kidneys; also known as vasopressin .
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| antigen (AN-tih-jen) | show 🗑
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| show | Any substance that destroys or inhibits the growth and development of microbes, preventing their pathogenic action.
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| antimicrobial peptide (an-tih-my-KRO-bee-al PEP-tide) | show 🗑
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| show | Opening at the end of the anal canal through which waste is excreted.
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| aortic valve (ay-OR-tik) | show 🗑
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| apocrine glands (AP-o-krin) | show 🗑
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| show | Broad sheet of connective tissue that serves as the attachment point for several muscles in the torso or thigh.
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| appendicular (ap-pen-DIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
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| appendix (uh-PEN-diks) | show 🗑
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| arachnoid mater (ah-RAK-noyd MAH-ter) | show 🗑
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| arrector pili (uh-REK-tor PEE-ly) | show 🗑
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| show | Small artery.
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| show | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
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| arthrokinematics (ar-thro-kin-ah-MAT-iks) | show 🗑
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| articular cartilage (ar-TIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
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| articulation (ar-tik-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| artificially acquired immunity (ar-tih-FISH-al-lee ah-kwy-erd ih-MYU-nuh-tee) | show 🗑
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| show | Vertical segment of the large intestine on the right side of the abdominal cavity.
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| show | Smallest particle (unit) of an element that has all the properties of the element; composed of electrons, neutrons, and protons; component of molecules.
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| atrioventricular (AV) bundle (ay-tree-o-ven-TRIK- yu-lar) | show 🗑
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| show | Collection of autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells located in the inferior portion of the septum between the atria that acts as an area of delay.
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| atrium (AY-tree-um) | show 🗑
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| atrophy (A-tro-fee) | show 🗑
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| autoimmune disease (ah-to-ih-MYOON) | show 🗑
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| autonomic (ah-to-NAH-mik) | show 🗑
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| autonomic ganglion (ah-toh-NAH-mik GANG-glee-on) | show 🗑
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| show | Without blood vessels.
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| axial (AKS-see-al) | show 🗑
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| axillary (AKS-ih-lair-ee) | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous portion of a neuron that carries a nerve impulse from the cell body toward another neuron or effector.
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| show | Small “bump” in a neuron where the axon attaches to the cell body.
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| axon terminal (AKS-on TERM-ih-nal) | show 🗑
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| B cell | show 🗑
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| show | Type of synovial joint in which the rounded end of one bone fits into a socket-like depression of another; allows all five basic movements.
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| baroreceptor (bair-o-ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
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| show | Most common type of skin cancer.
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| show | Rate at which energy is used by the body at rest; determined by the amount of oxygen used by body cells and represented as calories of heat.
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| base | show 🗑
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| basement membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Heart valve located between the left atrium and ventricle; also known as the mitral valve .
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| show | Fat emulsifier produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
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| show | Interdisciplinary model that includes the interconnection between biology, psychology, and social-environmental factors.
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| bladder | show 🗑
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| blastocyst (BLAS-to-sist) | show 🗑
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| blood pressure | show 🗑
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| body | show 🗑
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| show | Planes that divide the body to establish front, back, top, bottom, right, and left sections.
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| show | Distinctive lines, grooves, bumps, and projections on bones that serve as attachment points for muscles or passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
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| brachial (BRAY-kee-uhl) | show 🗑
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| brain stem | show 🗑
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| bronchi (BRAHNG-ky) | show 🗑
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| show | Air passageways from the trachea through the bronchi and bronchioles.
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| show | Smallest air passageway of the bronchial tree.
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| bulbourethral gland (bul-bo-yur-REE-thruhl) | show 🗑
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| bundle branch | show 🗑
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| show | Located in the interventricular septum, the only region where action potentials can pass from the atria to the ventricles; also known as an atrioventricular bundle .
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| bursa (BER-sah) | show 🗑
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| calcaneal (kal-KAY-nee-uhl) | show 🗑
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| calcify (KAL-sih-fy) | show 🗑
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| show | Hormone released by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels by enhancing bone absorption of the mineral.
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| show | Cup-like structure or organ; for example, in the kidney, a small cup at the bottom of a renal pyramid that collects urine and transfers it to the renal pelvis.
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| canaliculi (kan-ah-LIH-kyu-ly) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to porous or spongy bone tissue.
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| show | The smallest blood vessel; connects arterioles and venules. capillary bed (KAP-eh-lair-ee)
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| show | Movement of substances through the wall of a capillary.
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| capillary fluid pressure (CFP) (KAP-eh-lair-ee) | show 🗑
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| capsule (KAP-suhl) | show 🗑
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| show | Molecular compound containing a mixture of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms; includes starches and complex sugars that break down into glucose, which is used by the body to produce energy.
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| show | The ordered sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation that makes up one heartbeat.
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| cardiovascular system (kar-dee-o-VAS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
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| carpal (KAR-pahl) | show 🗑
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| cartilaginous joint (kar-tih-LA-juh-nus) | show 🗑
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| show | Any chemical process the body uses to break down nutrients to release energy.
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| show | Grouping of lymph nodes; also known as a lymph node bed .
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| show | Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; adrenaline and noradrenaline.
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| cauda equina (KAW-dah eh-KWY-nah) | show 🗑
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| show | Below; closer to the feet; inferior.
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| show | Initial short, pouch-like segment of the large intestine.
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| show | Most basic functional unit of the body.
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| cell-mediated immunity (CMI) (SEL MEE-dee-ay-ted ih-MYU-nuh-tee) | show 🗑
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| cell membrane (SEL MEM-brayn) | show 🗑
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| show | Small opening in the center of the spinal cord that allows for circulation of cerebrospinal fluid through the cord.
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| show | Primary division of the nervous system; includes the brain and spinal cord.
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| show | Cellular organelle that plays an important role in cell division and in producing and organizing the cytoskeleton.
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| cephalad (SEF-ah-lad) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the head.
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| cerebellum (sair-eh-BEL-um) | show 🗑
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| show | Outer layer of the cerebrum; consists of gray matter.
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| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (seh-ree-bro-SPY-nal) | show 🗑
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| show | Largest and uppermost portion of the brain that is the center for consciousness, cognition, and motor activity.
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| show | Pertaining to the neck.
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| chemoreceptor (kee-mo-ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
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| show | Movement of cells in response to chemicals.
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| show | Cartilage cell.
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| show | Collection of specialized capillaries in the ventricles of the cerebrum that secrete cerebrospinal fluid.
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| chronic (KRAH-nik) | show 🗑
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| chyme (KYM) | show 🗑
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| cilia (SIH-lee-ah) | show 🗑
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| circuit (SUR-kut) | show 🗑
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| circumduction (sur-kum-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
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| cisterna chyli (sis-TERN-ah KY-lee) | show 🗑
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| show | Aerobic metabolic process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and converted into carbon dioxide and water, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat; also called the Krebs cycle .
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| clitoris (KLIH-tor-is) | show 🗑
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| coagulation (ko-ag-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Snail shell–shaped structure of the inner ear where the sensory receptors for hearing are located.
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| show | Higher mental process involved in knowing and perceiving.
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| collagen (KAH-lah-jen) | show 🗑
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| collagen remodeling | show 🗑
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| collector | show 🗑
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| colon (KO-lun) | show 🗑
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| show | Tube that carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum.
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| common hepatic duct (heh-PAT-ik) | show 🗑
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| show | An infectious disease that is easily spread in a variety of direct and indirect ways, such as through air, contaminated food, and/ or insect bites.
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| show | Dense bone tissue; see cortical .
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| complement protein (KAHM-pleh-ment PRO-teen) | show 🗑
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| show | Secondary disease or condition that aggravates an already existing disease.
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| compound | show 🗑
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| show | Isotonic contraction in which the muscle shortens and the insertion moves closer to the origin.
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| conception (kahn-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Conveyance of energy; process by which a nerve impulse is transmitted.
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| show | Organized network of autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells that produce the coordinated contractions of the heart.
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| condyle (KAHN-dile) | show 🗑
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| show | Type of synovial joint characterized by two oval-shaped articular surfaces, one convex and one concave, that fit into one another; allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; see ellipsoid joint .
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| show | Photoreceptor of the eye sensitive to bright light and specific color wavelengths.
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| congenital (kahn-JEN-ih-tal) | show 🗑
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| show | Most abundant and widespread type of tissue in the body; functions to bind, support, protect, insulate, and transport.
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| show | Infectious diseases spread directly from one person to another. contractile
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| show | Sharp ridge-like border of a bone.
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| show | Pertaining to the lower leg.
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| cubital (KYOO-bih-tal) | show 🗑
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| cusp | show 🗑
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| Cutaneous membrane (kyu-TAY-nee-us) | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory receptor located in the skin.
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| show | Bluish appearance of the skin that results from tissues not receiving enough oxygen.
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| show | Cell-signaling molecule.
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| cytokinesis (sy-to-kin-EE-sis) | show 🗑
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| cytology (sy-TAHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
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| show | Dissolution of a cell.
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| cytoplasm (SY-to-plaz-um) | show 🗑
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| show | Fluid component of cytoplasm.
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| show | Specialized T lymphocyte produced during a cell-mediated immune response that attacks and destroys pathogens; killer T cell.
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| show | Farther from the surface.
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| deep fascia (FASH-ah) | show 🗑
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| defecation (def-eh-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| dendrite (DEN-drite) | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleic acid that carries the human genetic code.
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| depolarization (dee-po-lah-ry-ZAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| deposition (dep-o-ZIH-shun) | show 🗑
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| dermal papillae (DERM-ahl pah-PIL-ly) | show 🗑
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| dermatome (DERM-ah-tome) | show 🗑
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| dermis (DERM-is) | show 🗑
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| show | Vertical segment of the large intestine on the left side of the abdominal cavity.
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| show | Determination of the cause and nature of a disease, injury, or disorder.
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| diaphragm (DY-uh-fram) | show 🗑
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| show | Shaft of a long bone.
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| diarthrosis (dy-ahr-THRO-sis) | show 🗑
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| diastole (dy-AS-to-lee) | show 🗑
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| diencephalon (dy-en-SEF-ah-lon) | show 🗑
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| show | Ability of cells to adapt and specialize their functions and create a wide variety of cell types.
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| show | Cellular passive transport mechanism in which substances move according to a concentration gradient; movement from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
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| show | Process of breaking down food into smaller components that the body can absorb and assimilate.
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| digestive system (dy-JES-tiv) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the fingers or toes.
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| show | Method of energy production in which a phosphate group is broken off creatine phosphate and added to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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| disc | show 🗑
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| distal (DIH-stahl) | show 🗑
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| divergence (dy-VER-jens) | show 🗑
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| dorsal (DOR-suhl) | show 🗑
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| show | Movement at the ankle in which the dorsum of the foot is pulled upward toward the knee.
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| show | Referring to glands and organs that are functionally connected with both sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways.
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| duodenum (doo-AH-den-um) | show 🗑
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| dura mater (DER-ah MAH-ter) | show 🗑
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| dynamic edema (eh-DEE-muh) | show 🗑
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| eccentric contraction (ee-SEN-trik) | show 🗑
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| show | Sweat glands.
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| show | Outer embryonic layer that differentiates to form the epidermis, nervous tissue, and sense organs.
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| edema (eh-DEE-muh) | show 🗑
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| show | Movement of excess interstitial fluid (edema) into lymphatic capillaries; fluid uptake in the case of edema.
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| show | Target cell, tissue, or organ that responds to a specific stimulus, such as a motor command from the central nervous system.
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| efferent (EE-fair-rent) | show 🗑
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| show | Female sex cell before fertilization; also known as an ovum .
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| ejaculation (ee-jak-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Tube between the vas deferens and urethra.
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| show | Having the ability to return to an original shape after being stretched.
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| elastic fibers (ee-LAS-tik) | show 🗑
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| show | Substance formed when like atoms bond to form a molecule.
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| show | In general, the process of expelling or removing something; excreting waste from the body.
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| llipsoid joint (eh-LIP-soyd) | show 🗑
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| show | Traveling mass of undissolved material in a blood vessel; can be a foreign object or made up of tissue fragments, bacteria, or gas.
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| show | Developing human offspring from week 3 through week 8 of gestation.
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| emulsification (ee-muhl-sih-fih-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| end feel | show 🗑
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| show | Thin, smooth inner layer of the heart that consists of epithelium.
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| endocrine gland (EN-duh-krin) | show 🗑
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| show | Body system composed of glands that secrete hormones; works with the nervous system for communication, coordination, and control of all other body systems.
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| endoderm (EN-do-derm) | show 🗑
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| endometrium (en-do-MEE-tree-um) | show 🗑
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| endomysium (en-do-MY-see-um) | show 🗑
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| endoneurium (en-do-NUR-ee-um) | show 🗑
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| show | Cell organelle that creates pathways that allow for intracellular movement of substances; can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes).
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| show | Layer of cells lining the medullary cavity.
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| show | Complex neuronal network that controls the secretions and smooth muscle contractions of the digestive tract.
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| show | Protein that functions as a catalyst for biochemical reactions in the body, speeding up the breakdown and synthesis of various substances.
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| show | Outer layer of the heart; visceral pericardium.
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| show | Bone projection just superior to the condyle of certain bones.
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|
||||
| show | Superficial stratified epithelial tissue layer of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Narrow, coiled tube in the spermatic duct system located along the posterior side of the testes; the location where sperm develop their motility and ability to fertilize eggs.
🗑
|
||||
| epiglottis (eh-pih-GLAH-tis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| epimysium (eh-pih-MY-see-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| epineurium (eh-pih-NUR-ee-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Growth plate of bones.
🗑
|
||||
| epiphysis (eh-PIF-eh-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of the four basic tissue types; functions to line, cover, secrete, and protect; also known as the epithelium .
🗑
|
||||
| show | One of the four basic tissue types of the body; functions to line, cover, secrete, and protect; also known as epithelial tissue .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Condition in which the penis is stiff, enlarged, and engorged.
🗑
|
||||
| erythema (air-uh-THEE-mee-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| erythrocyte (eh-RITH-ro-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Smooth muscle ring at the lower end of the esophagus that controls the flow of food into the stomach and prevents its contents from pushing back into the esophagus; also called the cardiac sphincter.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The muscular tube just posterior to the trachea that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach and serves as a passageway for food.
🗑
|
||||
| estrogen (ES-tro-jen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The cause of a disease; factors involved in the development of a disease.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Having the ability to react to a stimulus; in muscle tissue, the ability to respond quickly to stimulus from nerve impulses.
🗑
|
||||
| exhalation (eks-hah-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| exocrine gland (EKS-o-krin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| exocytosis (eks-o-sy-TO-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| expiration (eks-pih-RAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| extensible (eks-TEN-sih-bal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Posterior movement of a body part in the sagittal plane; increases the anterior angle between two bones (exception: knee joint).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gas exchange between the air in the alveoli of the lungs and the bloodstream.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluid present outside of cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Skeletal muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| facet (FAS-et) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Passive transport mechanism in which special carrier molecules in the cell membrane assist in moving specific substances across the plasma membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | One of two short muscular tubes that carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus; also known as oviduct .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Multiple layers of disorganized fibrous connective tissue that surround and invest all structures of the body down to the cellular level.
🗑
|
||||
| show | One of seven flattened horizontal straps of superficial fascia.
🗑
|
||||
| fascial plane (FASH-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Unifying structural and functional system that includes all fibrous connective tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Low-grade tension created by smooth muscle cells within the fascia independent of motor tone in surrounding skeletal muscles; regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| fascicle (FAS-ih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Molecular component of triglycerides.
🗑
|
||||
| feedback system | show 🗑
|
||||
| femoral (FEHM-or-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fertilization (fer-tih-luh-ZAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fetus (FEE-tus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Elevated core body temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized connective tissue cell that synthesizes certain protein molecules to create connective tissue fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dense fibrous connective tissue pad found between the vertebrae and at the pubic symphysis.
🗑
|
||||
| fibrous joint (FY-brus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the lateral side of the lower leg.
🗑
|
||||
| show | In general, the process of passing liquid through a filter; a cellular passive transport mechanism in which substances move according to a pressure gradient, from an area of higher to lower pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| fissure (FISH-ur) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fixator (FIK-say-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| flexion (FLEK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement of interstitial fluid into lymphatic capillaries.
🗑
|
||||
| follicle (FAH-lih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (FAH-lih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Opening or hole in a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| formed element | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Saucer-like depression in a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| fovea (FO-vee-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| free nerve ending | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the forehead or relating to the frontal plane.
🗑
|
||||
| frontal plane (FRUN-tal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fulcrum (FUL-krum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Upper portion of an organ such as the stomach or uterus.
🗑
|
||||
| gallbladder (GAHL-blad-er) | show 🗑
|
||||
| gamete (GAM-meet) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pretensioning of the muscle spindle that increases its sensitivity to rapid lengthening; also called gamma loading .
🗑
|
||||
| gamma loop (GAM-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| ganglion (GANG-glee-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| gastrointestinal (GI) tract (gas-tro-in-TES-tih-nal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| gate control theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| gene (JEEN) | show 🗑
|
||||
| general receptor | show 🗑
|
||||
| general sense | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | External sexual organs (penis and vulva).
🗑
|
||||
| gestation (jeh-STAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of cell of the nervous system that functions to support and protect neurons; also known as neuroglia .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of synovial joint with smooth, flat articular surfaces (facets) that slide or glide across one another; normally found between short bones.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Space between the vocal cords (folds) of the larynx.
🗑
|
||||
| glucagon (GLOO-kah-gahn) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a group of steroid hormones secreted by the middle layer of the adrenal cortex; involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Simple sugar.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the buttocks.
🗑
|
||||
| glycerol (GLIH-ser-ahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| glycocalyx (gly-ko-KAY-liks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anaerobic metabolic process in which glucose is broken down and converted into pyruvic acid to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cellular organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids.
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi tendon organ (GTO) (GOAL-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Male or female sex gland that produces and stores the sex cells; the testes in males and the ovaries in females.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Stimulating the appropriate number of motor units based on sensory input to control the force of muscle contraction; motor unit recruitment.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin thread-like fibers formed by fibroblasts across a hematoma.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Areas of the brain or spinal cord made primarily of cell bodies and dendrites of neurons rather than myelinated axons; has a grayish color.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Large fatty extension of the peritoneum.
🗑
|
||||
| ground substance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Most abundant hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates and regulates growth in all tissue and plays an important role in some aspects of metabolism; also called somatotropin .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to taste.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fold or convolution of the cerebrum (plural: gyri).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Deep cutaneous receptor that wraps around the hair follicle and is sensitive to movement of the exposed hair shaft. hair shaft Exposed portion of a hair that projects above the surface of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| haversian canal (hah-VER-zhun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| haversian system (hah-VER-zhun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| helper T cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Localized collection of blood and other fluids in tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Blood cell production in the red bone marrow; also called hemopoiesis.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and gives red blood cells their color.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Active bleeding.
🗑
|
||||
| hemostasis (hee-mo-STAY-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| hepatic duct (heh-PAT-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Point of intersection in the large intestine between the ascending and transverse colons.
🗑
|
||||
| hepatocyte (heh-PAT-o-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Indentation or opening through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels pass in a gland or organ; in the kidney, the opening through which the ureters, blood vessels, and nerves pass.
🗑
|
||||
| hinge joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| histamine (HIS-tah-meen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| histology (hist-AHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Health and wellness concept guided by the principle that the physical body, cognitive processes (mind), and emotional and spiritual aspects are inseparable parts of a whole and integrated person.
🗑
|
||||
| show | State of internal stability or balance in the body.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement away from the midline within the transverse plane.
🗑
|
||||
| horizontal adduction (hor-ih-ZAHN-tal ad-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| hormone (HOR-mone) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specific region of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| HPA axis | show 🗑
|
||||
| hyaline cartilage (HY-ah-lin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Force caused by fluid pushing against a wall or membrane; fluid pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| hyperemia (hy-per-EE-mee-uh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| hypertension (hy-per-TEN-shun | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Excessive muscle tension.
🗑
|
||||
| hypertrophy (hy-PER-troh-fee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fat and areolar connective tissue that lies between the dermis and underlying tissues and organs; also known as the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia .
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus (hy-po-THAL-uh-mus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| ileum (IL-lee-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Protection from or resistance to disease.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasma protein released by plasma B cells that can bind with an antigen to neutralize or kill it; also known as an antibody .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Process by which the blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining.
🗑
|
||||
| indication (in-dih-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Noncontractile tissues, including ligaments, joint capsules, and cartilage.
🗑
|
||||
| inferior (in-FEER-ee-yor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inflammation (in-flah-MAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inflammatory stage (in-FLAM-ah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The act of eating or taking in food or liquids.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the groin.
🗑
|
||||
| inhalation (in-hah-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inhibiting hormones | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a group of general body defenses that are not directed at a particular pathogen; also known as nonspecific immune defense .
🗑
|
||||
| innervate (IN-er-vate) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inorganic compound (in-or-GAN-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| insertion (in-SIR-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone released by the beta cells in the pancreatic islets; causes a decrease in blood glucose levels.
🗑
|
||||
| integral membrane proteins (IMPs) | show 🗑
|
||||
| integration (in-teh-GRAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system made up of the skin and its accessory organs: hair, nails, oil glands, and sweat glands.
🗑
|
||||
| intercalated discs (in-TER-kah-lay-ted) | show 🗑
|
||||
| interferon (in-ter-FEER-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gas exchange between the bloodstream and tissues of the body.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The sense of the internal state of the body.
🗑
|
||||
| interstitial fluid (in-ter-STIH-shal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) (in-ter-STIH-shal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized free nerve endings found within fascia that cause autonomic changes when stimulated.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized striated muscle fiber within a muscle spindle.
🗑
|
||||
| inverse stretch reflex | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Charged particle of matter.
🗑
|
||||
| ion pump | show 🗑
|
||||
| ipsilateral (ip-sih-LAT-er-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Local decrease in blood volume or flow.
🗑
|
||||
| islets of Langerhans (Y-lets uhv LAHNG-er-hahnz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| isometric contraction (y-soh-MEH-trik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of muscle contraction that creates movement.
🗑
|
||||
| jejunum (jeh-JOO-num) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The point at which two or more bones meet; articulation .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibrous connective tissue sleeve around the bone ends in synovial joints.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The space between the bones of an articulation and inside the joint capsule.
🗑
|
||||
| joint receptor | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Substance secreted by keratinocytes of epidermis to toughen the outer layer and make it water resistant.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of cell in the outer layer of epidermis that secretes keratin.
🗑
|
||||
| kidney (KID-nee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The sense and awareness of movement.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Series of muscles engaged to create a complex movement.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Aerobic metabolic process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and converted into carbon dioxide and water, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat; also called the citric acid cycle .
🗑
|
||||
| kyphotic curve (ky-FAH-tik | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lateral tissue folds that surround the vaginal and urethral openings.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Series of actions that push an infant through the vagina and result in expulsion (birth).
🗑
|
||||
| labrum (LAY-brum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized lymphatic capillary inside the microvilli of the small intestine that absorbs fats.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acid produced in the body during the anaerobic metabolism of glucose, as occurs in muscle tissue during exercise.
🗑
|
||||
| lacuna (lah-KOO-nah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Concentric bony plate that surrounds the central canal (haversian canal) in an osteon (plural: lamellae).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized immune cells found in the spiny layer of the epidermis.
🗑
|
||||
| large intestine | show 🗑
|
||||
| larynx (LAIR-inks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Situated or extending away from the midline of the body (to the side). length–strength ratio
🗑
|
||||
| show | Localized pathologic change in an organ or tissue, such as a wound, sore, rash, ulcer, tumor, boil, or other abnormal tissue change.
🗑
|
||||
| lesser omentum (o-MEN-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| leukocyte (LOO-ko-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone in synovial joints.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Peptide molecule that binds to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane of target cells to stimulate cellular activity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of brain structures involved in processing memory and emotion and controlling unconscious aspects of behavior related to survival; called the “emotional brain.”
🗑
|
||||
| lipid (LIP-id) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone transported in blood via special carrier molecules, which then passes easily into the target cell to directly alter its metabolic activity; no second messenger is involved.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary lymphatic vessels that receive lymph from the pre-collectors and carry it to lymph node beds or lymphatic trunks; also called collectors .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system consisting of the lymph vessels and lymphoid tissue; involved in immunity, nutrient absorption, and fluid return.
🗑
|
||||
| lymphatic terminus (lim-FAT-ik TER-mih-nus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lymphatic trunk (lim-FAT-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lymphedema (lim-feh-DEE-muh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lymphocyte (LIM-fo-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specific lymphatic drainage region that carries lymph through its network of vessels into a designated catchment.
🗑
|
||||
| lysosome (LY-so-zome) | show 🗑
|
||||
| macrophage (MAK-ro-fayj) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Breasts.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the hand; an action performed by the hands.
🗑
|
||||
| manual therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement of phagocytes and fibroblasts to the periphery of an area of inflammation; occurs during the acute stage of the healing process.
🗑
|
||||
| marrow (MAIR-oh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mast cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| mastication (mas-tih-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Combination of fibers and ground substance in connective tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| maturation stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| meatus (mee-AY-tus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mechanoreceptor (meh-kan-o-ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| medial (MEE-dee-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Central region in the thoracic cavity between the lungs which contains the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Most inferior portion of the brain stem; continuous with the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hollow channel in the diaphysis of a long bone.
🗑
|
||||
| meiosis (my-O-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Meissner’s corpuscle (MYZ-nerz KOR-puh-sal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| melanin (MEL-ah-nin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized cell of the epidermis that produces melanin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone released by the anterior pituitary that affects skin pigmentation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of skin cancer caused by mutations in melanocytes; can be aggressive and fatal.
🗑
|
||||
| melatonin (mel-ah-TO-nin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin sheet of at least two layers of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or separates or connects structures or organs.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized B or T cell produced during a specific immune response that “remembers” the initial exposure to a pathogen; specific types are called memory B cells or memory T cells.
🗑
|
||||
| meninges (meh-NIN-jeez) | show 🗑
|
||||
| meniscus (meh-NIS-kus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Merkel disc (MER-kuhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Double fold of the peritoneum that attaches the small intestine to the posterior side of the abdominal cavity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Middle embryonic layer that differentiates into bone, blood, muscle tissue, and certain epithelial tissues in the urinary and endocrine systems.
🗑
|
||||
| metabolic rate (meh-tah-BAH-lik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| metabolism (meh-TAB-o-lizm) | show 🗑
|
||||
| metaphysis (meh-TAF-uh-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| microbe (MY-krobe) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Microscopic projections from the plasma membrane of certain cells that increase the surface area for absorption.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Passing urine out of the urethra; also known as urination . midbrain Uppermost portion of the brain stem.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inorganic micronutrient required for maintaining tissues such as bone and blood and homeostatic balances including pH, fluid, and energy balance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a group of hormones released by the outer layer of the adrenal cortex; aldosterone is the most important.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cellular organelles responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (singular: mitochondrion).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Process of cell division in which the nucleus divides to produce two nuclei, each containing the same chromosome and DNA content as the original cell.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Heart valve located between the left atrium and ventricle; also known as the bicuspid valve .
🗑
|
||||
| modulation (mahj-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| molecule (MAH-leh-kyul) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ability to move spontaneously.
🗑
|
||||
| motor end plate | show 🗑
|
||||
| motor neuron | show 🗑
|
||||
| motor tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| motor unit | show 🗑
|
||||
| motor unit recruitment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inner mucous membrane layer, such as the innermost tissue layer of the digestive tract.
🗑
|
||||
| mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mucous membrane (MYU-kus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mucus (MYU-kus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute involuntary muscle contraction that can last for several minutes.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle fatigue | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscle recruitment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Involuntary muscle contraction sustained over hours, days, weeks, or months; can lead to problems such as postural adaptations, limited or painful movement, and poor circulation.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle spindle | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reflexive contraction of muscles surrounding an injured area to help keep the area still and protected.
🗑
|
||||
| show | One of four major classes of tissue in the body; has the ability to contract.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscular system (MUS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscularis (mus-kyu-LAIR-is) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tissue zone where muscle transitions to tendon.
🗑
|
||||
| myelin (MY-eh-lin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| myocardium (my-o-KAR-dee-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue links between muscles, bones, and fascial membranes that provide a pathway for the mechanical communication of tension throughout the body.
🗑
|
||||
| myofibril (my-o-FY-bril) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin protein strand found within a muscle cell; made of actin or myosin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Oxygen-transporting protein of muscle; provides an immediate source of oxygen to the cell when needed.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Thick protein myofilaments in a muscle sarcomere.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nostrils.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the nose.
🗑
|
||||
| nasal cavity (NAY-zuhl KAV-ih-tee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cartilage and bony divider that separates the nasal cavity.
🗑
|
||||
| natural killer (NK) cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| naturally acquired immunity | show 🗑
|
||||
| negative feedback | show 🗑
|
||||
| nephron (NEF-ron) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| nerve fiber | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Electrochemical signal that travels along a neuron; also known as an action potential .
🗑
|
||||
| nerve root | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system made up of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves; works with the endocrine system for communication, coordination, and control of all other body systems.
🗑
|
||||
| show | One of four major classes of tissue in the body; found in the nervous system only.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasma membrane of a Schwann cell (alternate spelling: neurolemma).
🗑
|
||||
| neuroadaptation (nur-o-ad-dap-TAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neurofascial loops (nur-o-FASH-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cell of the nervous system that supports and protects neurons; also known as glial cell (plural: neuroglia).
🗑
|
||||
| neuromuscular junction (nur-o-MUS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neuromuscular reflex (nur-o-MUS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neuron (NUR-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neuronal pathway (nur-RON-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| nociceptor (no-see-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gap between Schwann cells along a myelinated axon where depolarization and repolarization can occur.
🗑
|
||||
| nodule (NAH-jool) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous atoms; primary structural component of DNA and RNA molecules.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Large cellular organelle that contains DNA.
🗑
|
||||
| obligatory load (uh-BLIG-ah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the back of the head; posterior region of the skull.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the posterior elbow (the point of the elbow).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sense of smell; perceiving and distinguishing odors.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Osmotic pressure induced by proteins in blood and interstitial fluid.
🗑
|
||||
| oral (OR-uhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the eye.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of tissues working together to accomplish specific tasks.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Differentiated structure within a cell that carries out specific functions.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Having a bony or bone-like consistency or structure.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bone-building cell.
🗑
|
||||
| osteoclast (AH-stee-o-klast) | show 🗑
|
||||
| osteocyte (AH-stee-o-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| osteogenic (ah-stee-o-JEN-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| osteokinematics (ah-stee-oh-kin-neh-MAT-iks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| osteon (AHS-tee-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the ear.
🗑
|
||||
| ovary (O-vuh-ree) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of two short muscular tubes that carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus; also known as a fallopian tube.
🗑
|
||||
| ovulation (ahv-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| ovum (OH-vum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cumulative deficit of oxygen that results from a period of exercise; leads to deep and rapid breathing after exertion has stopped in order to obtain more oxygen. oxytocin (ahks-ee-TO-sin)
🗑
|
||||
| Pacinian corpuscle | show 🗑
|
||||
| pain threshold | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The amount of pain a person can withstand.
🗑
|
||||
| pallor (PAL-or) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the palm of the hand.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Elongated glandular organ situated behind the stomach that secretes pancreatic juice and the hormones insulin and glucagon; classified as both an exocrine gland (digestive functions) and endocrine gland (islet cells).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tube that carries pancreatic juice from the pancreas to the duodenum.
🗑
|
||||
| pancreatic islets (pan-kree-AT-ik Y-lets) | show 🗑
|
||||
| papillary region (PAP-pih-lair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscle whose fibers are all the same length and in parallel arrangement.
🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic (pair-ah-sim-pah-THET-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| parathyroid gland (pair-ah-THY-royd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) (pair-ah-THY-royd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the outer layer of a serous membrane that lines a body cavity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cellular transport mechanism that does not require the use of energy.
🗑
|
||||
| patellar (pah-TEL-ahr) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pathogen (PATH-o-jen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pathology (path-AHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pectoral (PEK-tor-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pedal (PEE-duhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the hip girdle.
🗑
|
||||
| penis (PEE-nis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pennate muscle (PEN-ayt) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pepsin (PEP-sin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Compound made up of a chain of three to 49 amino acids.
🗑
|
||||
| perception (per-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small canal (channel) in dense bone that communicates with the haversian canals, allowing for the passage of blood vessels into the bone; Volkmann’s canal.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin connective tissue layer surrounding each fascicle within a muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| perineum (pair-uh-NEE-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue covering that binds multiple nerve fibers together to create a fascicle.
🗑
|
||||
| periosteum (pair-ee-AH-stee-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary division of the nervous system consisting of the nerves and ganglia that connect the various parts of the body with the central nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Forces within the cardiovascular network that resist blood flow, including the elasticity of blood vessels, the size of lumens, and blood viscosity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Wave-like contraction of the smooth muscle layer that propels contents forward through a muscular tube.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs and lines the abdominal cavity.
🗑
|
||||
| permissive effect | show 🗑
|
||||
| Peyer’s patch (PY-uhrz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Scale used to measure a compound’s acidity or alkalinity.
🗑
|
||||
| phagocyte (FAG-o-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| phagocytosis (fag-o-sy-TO-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pharynx (FAIR-inks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| phasic muscle (FAY-zik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of protein secreted by apocrine glands.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory receptor that is sensitive to light.
🗑
|
||||
| physiologic effects (fiz-ee-ah-LOJ-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin and delicate innermost layer of the meninges.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Small electrical charge along a cell or tissue surface created by mechanical pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| pineal gland (PY-nee-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Active transport mechanism by which extracellular fluid is taken into a cell; “cell drinking.”
🗑
|
||||
| pituitary gland (pih-TOO-ih-tair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of synovial joint in which the round articular surface of one bone fits into the bony ring of another; allows rotation around a single axis.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Blood-rich membrane that serves as a protective barrier, providing oxygen and nutrients for the fetus and carrying away fetal waste products.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the sole of the foot.
🗑
|
||||
| plantar flexion (PLAN-tahr FLEK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluid or liquid component of blood.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized B lymphocyte produced during an antibody-mediated immune response that produces and releases antibodies.
🗑
|
||||
| plasma membrane (PLAZ-mah MEM-brayn) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Osmotic pressure created by plasma proteins within the capillary to draw fluid in from the interstitium.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Protein elements in the liquid component of blood, including albumins, complements, clotting factors, and antibodies.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Capacity to be molded, changed, or functionally modified; e.g., nervous or fascial plasticity.
🗑
|
||||
| platelet (PLAYT-let) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pleura (PLUR-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Circular folds in the lining of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Structure of the brain stem that forms a bridge connecting the medulla with the midbrain.
🗑
|
||||
| popliteal (pop-lah-TEE-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| posterior (po-STEER-ee-or) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small ring of smooth muscle that encircles the entrance of the capillary at the end of the arteriole; controls the blood volume and rate of flow into the capillary.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Second phase of the healing process that involves the creation of granulation tissue and the beginning of collagen remodeling; also known as the subacute stage .
🗑
|
||||
| propagation (prop-ah-GAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| proprioception (pro-pree-o-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| proprioceptor (pro-pree-o-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a group of locally acting hormone-like compounds derived from fatty acids and released by virtually all cells except red blood cells; effects on surrounding tissue include alteration of fat metabolism and enhancing the inflammatory response.
🗑
|
||||
| prostate (PRAH-stayt) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; breaks down into amino acids.
🗑
|
||||
| protein synthesis (PRO-teen SIN-thuh-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | In extremities, closer to the attachment point to the body.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Arising from the mind.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Study of the communication links between the nervous, endocrine, immune, and digestive systems.
🗑
|
||||
| pubic (PYOO-bik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cardiovascular circulatory pathway between the heart and lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| pulmonary valve (PUL-muh-nair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pulse | show 🗑
|
||||
| Purkinje fibers (PUR-kin-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Whitish fluid mixture of interstitial fluid, destroyed pathogens, phagocytes, and living or dead white blood cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Smooth muscle ring between the stomach and duodenum that controls the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lower portion of the stomach.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Organic compound formed as an end product of glycolysis, the anaerobic phase of glucose metabolism; may be converted to lactic acid in muscle tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Extent or range of movement of a joint measured in degrees (as in degrees of a circle).
🗑
|
||||
| reabsorption (ree-ab-SORP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory organs that are sensitive to specific types of stimuli.
🗑
|
||||
| reciprocal inhibition (ree-SIP-roh-kal in-hih-BIH-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| rectum (REK-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| red blood cell (RBC) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pain felt in body areas that are distant from the location of the affected organ; generally associated with visceral pain.
🗑
|
||||
| reflex (REE-fleks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Simple neuronal pathway involving two or three neurons that produces a predictable motor response to a specific sensory stimulus.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The time following an effective stimulus during which the neuron is unable to respond to another threshold stimulus because its membrane has not yet repolarized.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of hormones synthesized and released by the hypothalamus that stimulate hormone releases from the anterior pituitary gland.
🗑
|
||||
| remodeling | show 🗑
|
||||
| remodeling stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| renal capsule (REE-nal KAP-sul) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Initial portion of a nephron comprising the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Outer region of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inner region of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Region of the kidney where urine is collected before being passed into the ureter.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Triangle-shaped bundle of microscopic tubes within the renal medulla that collect urine from a specific group of nephrons.
🗑
|
||||
| renal tubule (REE-nal TOO-byul) | show 🗑
|
||||
| repolarization (ree-po-lah-ry-ZAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system consisting of gonads and accessory organs responsible for male and female sexual characteristics and reproductive processes.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The part of the stress response with longer-term effects; endocrine activity initiated when stress stimulus is sustained beyond the ability of the alarm response to manage.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Process of breaking down bone tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| respiration (res-pih-RAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| respiratory membrane (RES-peh-rah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract.
🗑
|
||||
| respiratory system (RES-peh-rah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin collagen-like fibers made from the protein reticulin.
🗑
|
||||
| reticular formation (reh-TIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of thin, delicate collagen that makes up reticular fibers in connective tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| retina (REH-tih-nah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nucleic acid that copies portions of DNA to be translated by ribosomes to make proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| ribosome (RY-buh-zome) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of the two largest deep lymphatic vessels; collects lymph from the right upper quadrant of the body and returns it to the right subclavian vein.
🗑
|
||||
| rod | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement about a fixed point in a single axis that can occur in any plane.
🗑
|
||||
| Ruffini’s corpuscle (ru-FEE-neez KOR-puh-sal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| rugae (ROO-gy) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sacral (SA-kral) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of synovial joint in which bone surfaces are shaped like a saddle; allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Vertical plane that divides the body or a body part into right and left sections.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Secretion of the salivary glands.
🗑
|
||||
| saltatory conduction (SAHL-tah-tor-ee kahn-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Contractile unit within a muscle fiber made up of a repetitive pattern of actin and myosin filaments.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the shoulder blade.
🗑
|
||||
| scoliosis (sko-lee-O-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| scrotum (SKRO-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sebaceous gland skin. sebum (SEE-bum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| secondary edema (eh-DEE-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Method of action for water-soluble hormones; the hormone is the first messenger, and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced inside the cell is the second.
🗑
|
||||
| secretion (seh-KREE-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| segmentation (seg-men-TAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| semen (SEE-men) | show 🗑
|
||||
| semicircular canal (sem-ee-SER-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of two ducts that secrete a thick alkaline fluid that is a primary component of semen.
🗑
|
||||
| seminiferous tubules (sem-ih-NIF-er-us TOO-byulz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Impression created by the interpretation of a sensory stimulus by the brain, such as hot, cold, yellow, round, and so on.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory nerve ending that is sensitive to a specific change in the environment (stimulus).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dividing wall of tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| sequela (seh-KWEL-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| serosa (seh-RO-sah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluid secreted by a serous membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| serous membrane (SEER-us) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Process of producing offspring that requires the joining of one male and one female sex cell.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Short S-shaped segment at the distal end of the descending colon.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Objective indicator of disease that is usually measurable.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Collection of autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells located in the wall of the right atrium just inferior to the opening of the superior vena cava; acts as the heart’s pacemaker.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cavity inside a structure, such as within a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system consisting of the bones and joints.
🗑
|
||||
| specific immune response | show 🗑
|
||||
| sperm | show 🗑
|
||||
| sphincter (SFINGK-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| spinal (SPY-nal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cavity that contains the spinal cord; one of the two dorsal cavities.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nerve originating from the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| spinal segment (SPY-nal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Large vascular lymphoid organ located in the upper left abdominal quadrant; functions include lymphocyte and platelet storage, blood filtering, and serving as an emergency blood reserve.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Point of intersection in the large intestine between the transverse and descending colons.
🗑
|
||||
| spongy bone (SPUN-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Joint injury in which ligaments are stretched or torn.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscle that stabilizes or fixes the origin end of a prime mover so that the movement is more efficient; also known as the fixator.
🗑
|
||||
| stem cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| sternal (STER-nal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lipid-soluble hormone made from cholesterol.
🗑
|
||||
| stimulus (STIM-yu-lus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| stomach (STUH-mak) | show 🗑
|
||||
| strain | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Layers (singular: stratum).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of physiologic responses initiated by the hypothalamus when stress is perceived; includes the alarm response of the autonomic nervous division and the resistance reaction of the endocrine system.
🗑
|
||||
| stretch reflex | show 🗑
|
||||
| structural effects (STRUK-chur-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Second phase of the healing process that involves the creation of granulation tissue and the beginning of collagen remodeling; also known as the proliferative stage .
🗑
|
||||
| subcutaneous layer (sub-kyu-TAY-nee-us) | show 🗑
|
||||
| submucosa (sub-myu-KO-sah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sudoriferous gland (soo-duh-RIF-er-us) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Shallow groove or depression, as in the cerebrum (plural: sulci).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Closer to the surface.
🗑
|
||||
| superficial fascia (soo-per-FISH-al FASH-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Above; closer to head; cephalad.
🗑
|
||||
| suppressor T cell (suh-PRES-or) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Endocrine gland situated on top of each kidney; also known as the adrenal gland .
🗑
|
||||
| sural (SUR-uhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibrous line of junction or an immovable joint between two bones, as in the skull; also the surgical process of closing a wound or joining tissues using stitches.
🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic (sim-pah-THET-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Chain of sympathetic ganglia beside the vertebral column; also known as the paravertebral chain .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Subjective indicator of disease as perceived by the patient; not easily measured or quantified.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Functional junction point between a neuron and another neuron or an effector.
🗑
|
||||
| synaptic bulb (sin-NAP-tik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tiny gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons across which the neurotransmitter diffuses.
🗑
|
||||
| synarthrosis (sin-ar-THRO-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| synergist (SIN-er-jist) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Effect of two hormones working together to enhance or intensify a target’s response beyond that which occurs when each hormone acts singly.
🗑
|
||||
| synovial fluid (sin-O-vee-ahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Joint with a fibrous capsule and synovial lining that allows free movement; also known as a diarthrosis .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin connective tissue lining of the fibrous capsule in diarthrotic joints and bursas.
🗑
|
||||
| system (SIS-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| systemic circuit (sis-TEM-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| systemic effects (sis-TEM-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Contraction state of a heart chamber.
🗑
|
||||
| T cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| tactile receptor (TAK-tuhl ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the ankle.
🗑
|
||||
| taste bud | show 🗑
|
||||
| temporal (TEM-per-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| tender point (TeP) | show 🗑
|
||||
| tendinopathy (ten-dih-NAHP-uh-thee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| tendon (TEN-duhn) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tissue zone where a tendon transitions and weaves into the periosteum to attach to a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| show | System in which tension between two opposing forces is balanced to create structural integrity; a contraction for “tension integrity” structuring
🗑
|
||||
| thrombocyte (THRAHM-bo-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| thromboembolism (thrahm-bo-EM-bo-lih-zum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| thrombus (THRAHM-bus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| thymosin (THY-mah-sin) | show 🗑
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| thymus (THY-mus) | show 🗑
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| thyroid gland (THY-royd) | show 🗑
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| thyroid hormone (THY-royd) | show 🗑
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (THY-royd) | show 🗑
|
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| show | Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases cellular metabolism.
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|
||||
| tissue (TISH-yu) | show 🗑
|
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| show | Sustained muscle contraction in which low-grade tension is maintained, as occurs in maintaining posture.
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|
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| show | Small mass of lymphoid tissue located in the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat.
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|
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| show | Small beam or partitioning structure (plural: trabeculae).
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|
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| trachea (TRAY-kee-uh) | show 🗑
|
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| show | Bundle of myelinated axons within the spinal cord.
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|
||||
| show | Process of converting a stimulus to an action potential; the first step in translating a stimulus to a pain perception.
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|
||||
| transferrin (tranz-FAIR-in) | show 🗑
|
||||
| transmission (tranz-MIH-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| transverse colon (TRANZ-vers KO-lun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| transverse plane (TRANZ-vers) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Edema related to soft tissue damage, such as that resulting from sprains, strains, or contusions.
🗑
|
||||
| tricuspid valve (try-KUSS-pid) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lipid molecule absorbed from the digestive tract for metabolism by the body.
🗑
|
||||
| triiodothyronine (try-y-o-do-THY-ruh-neen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Large condyle on the proximal femur.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Protein molecule that is the basic structural unit of collagen; consists of three coiled polypeptide chains, giving it a triple-helix appearance.
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|
||||
| show | Small mound or elevation; a rounded projection from a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Large projection or protuberance, especially at the end of a bone, where a muscle or tendon attaches.
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|
||||
| show | Sudden spasmodic muscle contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Localized lesion in the skin or mucous membrane; often an open sore that heals slowly.
🗑
|
||||
| umbilical (um-BIL-ih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| umbilical cord (um-BIL-ih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Byproduct of amino acid catabolism created from ammonia and excreted in urine.
🗑
|
||||
| ureter (YUR-uh-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Narrow tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the external environment; in males, also carries semen.
🗑
|
||||
| urinary system (YUR-eh-nair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Process of passing urine out of the urethra; also known as micturition .
🗑
|
||||
| urine (YUR-in) | show 🗑
|
||||
| uterus (YOO-teh-rus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscular genital canal between the cervix and exterior environment; also called the birth canal .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tube that carries sperm out of the epididymis and over the posterior side of the bladder to the ejaculatory duct.
🗑
|
||||
| vasoconstriction (vay-zo-kahn-STRIK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase in the size of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxation of the smooth muscle within the vessel’s wall.
🗑
|
||||
| vasopressin (vay-zo-PRESS-in) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vein (VAYN) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement of air into and out of the lungs; breathing.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Front; also known as anterior .
🗑
|
||||
| ventricle (VEN-trih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small vein.
🗑
|
||||
| vertebral (ver-TEE-bral) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small sac containing liquid inside cells or tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Small space at the base of the semicircular canals of the inner ear that contains mechanoreceptors responsible for static equilibrium.
🗑
|
||||
| villi (VIH-ly) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to an organ or to the serous membrane layer that surrounds an organ.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gland or organ with smooth or cardiac muscle innervated via autonomic pathways.
🗑
|
||||
| viscoelasticity (vis-ko-ee-las-TIS-ih-tee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fat- or water-soluble micronutrient necessary for proper growth and normal metabolism.
🗑
|
||||
| vocal cord (VO-kuhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| volar (VO-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small canal (channel) in dense bone that communicates with the haversian canals, allowing for the passage of blood vessels into the bone; perforating canal.
🗑
|
||||
| vulva (VUL-vah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Zone between lymphotomes.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone that is easily transported in blood and requires a second messenger to stimulate metabolic changes in target cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Formed element of blood that plays a vital role in the body’s healing and immune responses; includes neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; also known as a leukocyte .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Areas of the brain or spinal cord made primarily of the myelinated axons of neurons.
🗑
|
||||
| zygote (ZY-gote) | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Afulton
Popular Massage Therapy sets