Anatomy & Physiology
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| show | Relating to the abdomen (belly).
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| abdominopelvic cavity (ab-dom-ih-no-PEL-vik) | show 🗑
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| abduction (ab-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Uptake or incorporation of a substance such as a gas or liquid or energy (light or heat) into another substance or tissue.
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| acid | show 🗑
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| show | The quality of having a high number of + hydrogen ions (H) and a pH below 7.
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| show | Pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder.
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| show | Thin protein myofilaments in the muscle sarcomere.
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| action potential (AK-shun po-TEN-shul) | show 🗑
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| show | Cellular transport mechanism that requires energy to move substances against a concentration or pressure gradient.
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| show | Having a sudden or rapid onset; not chronic.
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| acute stage (ah-KYOOT) | show 🗑
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| show | Adjustment in the sensitivity of a sensory receptor to continued or repeated stimulus.
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| show | Defensive body reaction involving B and T cell activation by a specific pathogen; also known as a specific immune response.
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| show | Movement toward the midline of the body.
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| adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (uh-DEN-o-sin dy- FAHS-fayt) | show 🗑
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| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (uh-DEN-o-sin try-FAHS-fayt) | show 🗑
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| adhesion (ad-HEE-zhun) | show 🗑
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| adrenal cortex (ah-DREE-nuhl KOR-teks) | show 🗑
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| show | Endocrine gland situated on top of each kidney; also known as suprarenal gland.
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| adrenal medulla (ah-DREE-nuhl meh-DU-lah) | show 🗑
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| show | Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; its function is to support the fight-or-flight response of the autonomic nervous system.
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| show | One of the tropic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.
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| show | Method of energy production that requires oxygen; includes the Krebs cycle.
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| show | Conducting toward a center; flowing inward.
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| show | Muscle that generates most of the power for motion; also known as the prime mover.
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| alarm response | show 🗑
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| aldosterone (al-DAH-steh-rone) | show 🗑
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| alkaline (AL-kuh-lin) | show 🗑
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| all-or-none response | show 🗑
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| show | Antigen that triggers an allergic response of the immune system.
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| show | Science-based Western medicine system that uses medication or surgery to treat or suppress symptoms or ill effects of a disease rather than maintain and preserve health.
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| allostasis (al-o-STAY-sis) | show 🗑
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| show | Neuronal reflex loop that mediates the stretch reflex; created by an alpha sensory neuron originating in the muscle spindle and an alpha motor neuron that stimulates extrafusal muscle fibers.
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| show | Microscopic air sacs in the lungs at the end of the bronchial tree that serve as the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange (singular: alveolus).
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| amino acid (ah-MEE-no) | show 🗑
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| show | Fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the growing embryo or fetus.
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| show | Type of joint in which there is a cartilage disc between bony surfaces that allows partial movement; also known as a cartilaginous joint .
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| show | Enzyme that digests starch.
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| show | Process that occurs when the body uses nutrients as building blocks, either storing the nutrient for use at a later time or using it to repair and build new tissue.
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| show | Method of energy production that occurs without the presence of oxygen; includes glycolysis, in which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid.
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| anal canal (AY-nuhl) | show 🗑
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| anastomosis (ah-NAS-tuh-MO-sis) | show 🗑
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| anatomic position (an-ah-TOM-ik) | show 🗑
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| anatomy (ah-NAT-o-mee) | show 🗑
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| show | Thin hair-like fibers attached to the epithelial flaps of lymphatic initial vessels that hold or anchor the initial vessel in place and open the vessel when pulled by tissue stretch.
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| show | Steroid that acts as a male sex hormone; controls the development of masculine characteristics in both sexes.
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| anemia (ah-NEE-mee-ah) | show 🗑
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| show | Segment of a primary lymphatic vessel (collector) marked by intralymphatic valves at each end.
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| show | Junction between the lymphatic ducts and the subclavian veins; also known as the lymphatic terminus .
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| show | Muscle that opposes the agonist or prime mover.
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| antagonistic effect (an-TAG-ah-nis-tik) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the forearm.
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| antecubital (ant-ee-KYU-bit-ahl) | show 🗑
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| anterior (an-TEER-ee-or) | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma protein released by plasma B cells that can bind with an antigen to neutralize or kill it; also known as immunoglobulin .
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| show | Disease resistance produced through the activation of B cells.
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (an-tih-dy-yur-REH- tik) | show 🗑
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| show | Cellular marker that identifies a cell as foreign and causes an immune response.
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| show | Any substance that destroys or inhibits the growth and development of microbes, preventing their pathogenic action.
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| antimicrobial peptide (an-tih-my-KRO-bee-al PEP-tide) | show 🗑
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| show | Opening at the end of the anal canal through which waste is excreted.
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| show | Heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
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| show | Specialized sweat glands found in the axilla, groin, and areola of the breasts that secrete a milky fluid consisting of sweat and pheromones.
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| show | Broad sheet of connective tissue that serves as the attachment point for several muscles in the torso or thigh.
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| appendicular (ap-pen-DIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
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| show | Small twisted tube located at the junction between the small and large intestines that contains lymphoid tissue.
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| show | Middle layer of the meninges, made of a web-like arrangement of connective tissue fibers.
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| show | Small muscle attached to a hair follicle; when it contracts, the hair stands up straight.
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| arteriole (ar-TEER-ree-ole) | show 🗑
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| show | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
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| arthrokinematics (ar-thro-kin-ah-MAT-iks) | show 🗑
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| articular cartilage (ar-TIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
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| show | The point at which two or more bones meet; joint.
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| show | Disease resistance developed in response to an initial vaccination or subsequent booster shot.
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| ascending colon (ay-SEN-ding KO-lun) | show 🗑
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| atom | show 🗑
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| show | Located in the interventricular septum, the only region where action potentials can pass from the atria to the ventricles; also known as bundle of His .
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| atrioventricular (AV) node (ay-tree-o-ven-TRIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
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| show | Receiving chamber of the heart.
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| atrophy (A-tro-fee) | show 🗑
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| show | Disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s healthy cells and tissues.
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| autonomic (ah-to-NAH-mik) | show 🗑
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| autonomic ganglion (ah-toh-NAH-mik GANG-glee-on) | show 🗑
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| show | Without blood vessels.
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| show | Pertaining to the portion of the skeleton made up of the bones in the skull, spine, and torso; includes the sternum, ribs, 33 vertebrae, and cranial, facial, and hyoid bones.
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| show | Located in or near the armpit.
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| show | Fibrous portion of a neuron that carries a nerve impulse from the cell body toward another neuron or effector.
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| axon hillock (AKS-on HIL-ahk) | show 🗑
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| axon terminal (AKS-on TERM-ih-nal) | show 🗑
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| B cell | show 🗑
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| ball-and-socket joint | show 🗑
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| baroreceptor (bair-o-ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
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| show | Most common type of skin cancer.
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| show | Rate at which energy is used by the body at rest; determined by the amount of oxygen used by body cells and represented as calories of heat.
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| base | show 🗑
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| basement membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Heart valve located between the left atrium and ventricle; also known as the mitral valve .
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| show | Fat emulsifier produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
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| biopsychosocial model (BY-o-SY-ko-SO-shul) | show 🗑
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| show | Expandable membranous sac; for example, the urinary bladder serves as a holding tank (storage site) for urine before it is excreted from the body.
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| blastocyst (BLAS-to-sist) | show 🗑
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| blood pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Main portion or mass of any structure.
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| body planes | show 🗑
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| bone landmarks | show 🗑
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| brachial (BRAY-kee-uhl) | show 🗑
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| brain stem | show 🗑
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| show | Tube-like passageways that carry air to and from the lungs (singular: bronchus).
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| show | Air passageways from the trachea through the bronchi and bronchioles.
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| show | Smallest air passageway of the bronchial tree.
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| bulbourethral gland (bul-bo-yur-REE-thruhl) | show 🗑
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| bundle branch | show 🗑
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| bundle of His | show 🗑
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| bursa (BER-sah) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the heel of the foot.
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| show | To deposit or store calcium salts; to harden due to the deposition of calcium salts.
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| calcitonin (kal-sih-TO-nin) | show 🗑
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| show | Cup-like structure or organ; for example, in the kidney, a small cup at the bottom of a renal pyramid that collects urine and transfers it to the renal pelvis.
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| show | Intricate network of channels in dense bone tissue that allows for passage of nutrients and wastes to and from the osteocytes.
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| cancellous bone (KAN-sel-us) | show 🗑
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| show | The smallest blood vessel; connects arterioles and venules. capillary bed (KAP-eh-lair-ee)
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| capillary exchange (KAP-eh-lair-ee) | show 🗑
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| capillary fluid pressure (CFP) (KAP-eh-lair-ee) | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrous connective tissue covering that envelops an organ, gland, or joint.
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| show | Molecular compound containing a mixture of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms; includes starches and complex sugars that break down into glucose, which is used by the body to produce energy.
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| show | The ordered sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation that makes up one heartbeat.
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| cardiovascular system (kar-dee-o-VAS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the wrist.
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| show | Type of joint in which there is a cartilage disc between bony surfaces that allows partial movement; also known as an amphiarthrosis .
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| catabolism (kah-TAB-o-lizm) | show 🗑
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| catchment (KACH-ment) | show 🗑
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| show | Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; adrenaline and noradrenaline.
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| show | Bundle of spinal nerve roots that fan out at the end of the spinal cord.
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| show | Below; closer to the feet; inferior.
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| cecum (SEE-kum) | show 🗑
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| cell | show 🗑
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| show | Disease resistance produced through the activation of T cells.
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| show | Selectively permeable boundary surrounding all cells; also known as the plasma membrane .
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| central canal | show 🗑
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| central nervous system (CNS) | show 🗑
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| show | Cellular organelle that plays an important role in cell division and in producing and organizing the cytoskeleton.
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| cephalad (SEF-ah-lad) | show 🗑
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| show | Pertaining to the head.
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| show | Portion of the brain located posterior to the brain stem and inferior to the cerebrum that coordinates voluntary muscle contraction and maintains muscle tone, posture, and balance.
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| cerebral cortex (seh-REE-brahl KOR-teks) | show 🗑
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| show | Clear fluid that lubricates and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
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| show | Largest and uppermost portion of the brain that is the center for consciousness, cognition, and motor activity.
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| cervical (SER-vih-kal) | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory receptor sensitive to chemical changes.
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| chemotaxis (kee-mo-TAKS-is) | show 🗑
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| chondrocyte (KAHN-dro-site) | show 🗑
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| choroid plexus (KOR-oyd PLEKS-us) | show 🗑
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| chronic (KRAH-nik) | show 🗑
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| chyme (KYM) | show 🗑
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| show | Hair-like projections that extend outward from the plasma membrane of certain cells.
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| circuit (SUR-kut) | show 🗑
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| show | Multiaxial movement about a fixed point; passes through all planes.
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| cisterna chyli (sis-TERN-ah KY-lee) | show 🗑
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| show | Aerobic metabolic process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and converted into carbon dioxide and water, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat; also called the Krebs cycle .
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| show | Small bud of highly sensitive tissue at the anterior junction of the labia minor that becomes engorged during sexual arousal.
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| coagulation (ko-ag-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Snail shell–shaped structure of the inner ear where the sensory receptors for hearing are located.
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| show | Higher mental process involved in knowing and perceiving.
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| collagen (KAH-lah-jen) | show 🗑
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| show | Breakdown, recycling, and thickening of granulation tissue to form permanent scar tissue during tissue healing.
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| collector | show 🗑
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| show | Longest segment of the large intestine.
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| show | Tube that carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum.
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| common hepatic duct (heh-PAT-ik) | show 🗑
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| show | An infectious disease that is easily spread in a variety of direct and indirect ways, such as through air, contaminated food, and/ or insect bites.
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| compact bone | show 🗑
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| complement protein (KAHM-pleh-ment PRO-teen) | show 🗑
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| show | Secondary disease or condition that aggravates an already existing disease.
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| compound | show 🗑
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| show | Isotonic contraction in which the muscle shortens and the insertion moves closer to the origin.
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| conception (kahn-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
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| conduction (kahn-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
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| show | Organized network of autorhythmic cardiac muscle cells that produce the coordinated contractions of the heart.
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| show | Rounded projection at the end of a bone; usually articulates with another bone.
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| condyloid joint (KAHN-deh-loyd) | show 🗑
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| cone | show 🗑
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| congenital (kahn-JEN-ih-tal) | show 🗑
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| connective tissue | show 🗑
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| contagious (kahn-TAY-jus) | show 🗑
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| show | Sharp ridge-like border of a bone.
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| show | Pertaining to the lower leg.
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| cubital (KYOO-bih-tal) | show 🗑
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| cusp | show 🗑
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| Cutaneous membrane (kyu-TAY-nee-us) | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory receptor located in the skin.
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| show | Bluish appearance of the skin that results from tissues not receiving enough oxygen.
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| show | Cell-signaling molecule.
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| cytokinesis (sy-to-kin-EE-sis) | show 🗑
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| cytology (sy-TAHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
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| cytolysis (sy-TO-ly-sis) | show 🗑
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| show | Internal environment of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; includes the cytosol and organelles.
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| show | Fluid component of cytoplasm.
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| show | Specialized T lymphocyte produced during a cell-mediated immune response that attacks and destroys pathogens; killer T cell.
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| deep | show 🗑
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| show | Connective tissue layers that organize and surround individual muscles, bones, and organs.
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| defecation (def-eh-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| dendrite (DEN-drite) | show 🗑
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (dee-AHKS-ee-ry-bo-NU- klee-ik) | show 🗑
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| depolarization (dee-po-lah-ry-ZAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| deposition (dep-o-ZIH-shun) | show 🗑
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| dermal papillae (DERM-ahl pah-PIL-ly) | show 🗑
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| show | Specific region of skin innervated by the branches of a particular spinal nerve.
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| show | Connective tissue layer of the skin just below the epidermis that contains nerve endings, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels.
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| show | Vertical segment of the large intestine on the left side of the abdominal cavity.
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| show | Determination of the cause and nature of a disease, injury, or disorder.
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| diaphragm (DY-uh-fram) | show 🗑
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| diaphysis (dy-AF-eh-sis) | show 🗑
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| show | Freely movable joint; also known as a synovial joint.
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| show | Relaxation state in which the chambers of the heart dilate as they fill with blood.
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| show | Middle portion of the brain between the cerebrum and brain stem consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland.
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| show | Ability of cells to adapt and specialize their functions and create a wide variety of cell types.
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| diffusion (dih-FYU-zhun) | show 🗑
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| show | Process of breaking down food into smaller components that the body can absorb and assimilate.
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| show | Body system that ingests food, converts it to a form the body can use, absorbs nutrients into circulation, and eliminates solid wastes.
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| digital (DIJ-ih-tal) | show 🗑
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| show | Method of energy production in which a phosphate group is broken off creatine phosphate and added to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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| show | Fibrocartilage pad between vertebrae and the bones of other cartilaginous joints (alternate spelling: disk ).
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| show | In extremities, farther from the attachment point to the body.
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| divergence (dy-VER-jens) | show 🗑
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| show | Back; also known as posterior .
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| dorsiflexion (dor-sih-FLEK-shun) | show 🗑
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| dual innervation (in-er-VAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| duodenum (doo-AH-den-um) | show 🗑
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| dura mater (DER-ah MAH-ter) | show 🗑
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| dynamic edema (eh-DEE-muh) | show 🗑
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| eccentric contraction (ee-SEN-trik) | show 🗑
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| show | Sweat glands.
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| show | Outer embryonic layer that differentiates to form the epidermis, nervous tissue, and sense organs.
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| show | Accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitium.
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| show | Movement of excess interstitial fluid (edema) into lymphatic capillaries; fluid uptake in the case of edema.
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| show | Target cell, tissue, or organ that responds to a specific stimulus, such as a motor command from the central nervous system.
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| efferent (EE-fair-rent) | show 🗑
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| show | Female sex cell before fertilization; also known as an ovum .
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| show | Forceful ejection of sperm from the penis.
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| show | Tube between the vas deferens and urethra.
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| elastic (ee-LAS-tik) | show 🗑
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| show | Thin, stretchy connective tissue fibers made of the protein elastin.
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| show | Substance formed when like atoms bond to form a molecule.
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| elimination | show 🗑
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| llipsoid joint (eh-LIP-soyd) | show 🗑
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| embolus (EM-bo-lus) | show 🗑
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| show | Developing human offspring from week 3 through week 8 of gestation.
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| emulsification (ee-muhl-sih-fih-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
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| end feel | show 🗑
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| endocardium (en-do-KAR-dee-um) | show 🗑
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| endocrine gland (EN-duh-krin) | show 🗑
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| endocrine system (EN-duh-krin) | show 🗑
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| show | Innermost embryonic layer that differentiates into the epithelial linings of organs and glands.
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| endometrium (en-do-MEE-tree-um) | show 🗑
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| endomysium (en-do-MY-see-um) | show 🗑
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| show | Connective tissue covering of an individual nerve fiber within a nerve.
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| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (en-do-PLAZ-mik reh-TIK- yu-lum) | show 🗑
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| endosteum (en-DAHS-tee-um) | show 🗑
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| show | Complex neuronal network that controls the secretions and smooth muscle contractions of the digestive tract.
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| enzyme (EN-zime) | show 🗑
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| epicardium (eh-pih-KAR-dee-um) | show 🗑
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| epicondyle (ep-ih-KAHN-dile) | show 🗑
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| epidermis (eh-pih-DERM-is) | show 🗑
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| show | Narrow, coiled tube in the spermatic duct system located along the posterior side of the testes; the location where sperm develop their motility and ability to fertilize eggs.
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|
||||
| epiglottis (eh-pih-GLAH-tis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding an entire muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| epineurium (eh-pih-NUR-ee-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| epiphyseal plate (eh-PIF-eh-see-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | End portion of a long bone.
🗑
|
||||
| epithelial tissue (eh-pih-THEE-lee-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of the four basic tissue types of the body; functions to line, cover, secrete, and protect; also known as epithelial tissue .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Condition in which the penis is stiff, enlarged, and engorged.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reddened appearance of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| erythrocyte (eh-RITH-ro-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Smooth muscle ring at the lower end of the esophagus that controls the flow of food into the stomach and prevents its contents from pushing back into the esophagus; also called the cardiac sphincter.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The muscular tube just posterior to the trachea that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach and serves as a passageway for food.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Female sex hormone that stimulates the development of the reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics; during the menstrual cycle, it promotes an environment suitable for fertilization and implantation of an egg and for sustaining an embryo.
🗑
|
||||
| etiology (ee-tee-AHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| excitable | show 🗑
|
||||
| exhalation (eks-hah-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gland that secretes into a duct carrying the secretion to a specific location (e.g., sweat, salivary, and sebaceous glands).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Active transport mechanism in which a substance is carried from inside to outside the cell membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| expiration (eks-pih-RAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| extensible (eks-TEN-sih-bal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Posterior movement of a body part in the sagittal plane; increases the anterior angle between two bones (exception: knee joint).
🗑
|
||||
| external respiration (eks-TER-nal res-pih-RAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluid present outside of cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Skeletal muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| facet (FAS-et) | show 🗑
|
||||
| facilitated diffusion (fah-SIL-ah-tay-ted dih-FYU-zhun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of two short muscular tubes that carry eggs from the ovary to the uterus; also known as oviduct .
🗑
|
||||
| fascia (FASH-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of seven flattened horizontal straps of superficial fascia.
🗑
|
||||
| fascial plane (FASH-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fascial system (FASH-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fascial tone (FASH-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bundle of muscle or nerve fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Molecular component of triglycerides.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Part of the body’s homeostatic process in which a stimulus occurs and the body responds.
🗑
|
||||
| femoral (FEHM-or-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fertilization (fer-tih-luh-ZAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fetus (FEE-tus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fever | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized connective tissue cell that synthesizes certain protein molecules to create connective tissue fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| fibrocartilage (fy-bro-KAR-tih-lij) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of joint in which the bone ends are held together with fibrous connective tissue; most but not all fibrous joints are also synarthrotic.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the lateral side of the lower leg.
🗑
|
||||
| show | In general, the process of passing liquid through a filter; a cellular passive transport mechanism in which substances move according to a pressure gradient, from an area of higher to lower pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Deep furrow or cleft.
🗑
|
||||
| fixator (FIK-say-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| flexion (FLEK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| fluid uptake | show 🗑
|
||||
| follicle (FAH-lih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gonadotropin released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates estrogen secretion and the growth of ovarian follicles in females or the formation of sperm in the male testis.
🗑
|
||||
| foramen (for-AY-men) | show 🗑
|
||||
| formed element | show 🗑
|
||||
| fossa (FAH-sah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small pit or depression in a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| free nerve ending | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the forehead or relating to the frontal plane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Vertical plane that divides the body or a body part into anterior and posterior sections; coronal plane .
🗑
|
||||
| show | The point of movement in a system of levers.
🗑
|
||||
| fundus (FUN-duhs) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small pear-shaped sac under the right lobe of the liver that concentrates and stores bile secreted by the liver until it is needed for digestion.
🗑
|
||||
| gamete (GAM-meet) | show 🗑
|
||||
| gamma gain (GAM-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Neuronal reflex loop that regulates the sensitivity of the muscle spindle; created by a gamma sensory neuron originating at the ends of the muscle spindle and a gamma motor neuron that stimulates the intrafusal muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| ganglion (GANG-glee-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pathway that transports food and liquids, beginning at the mouth and including the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A now discredited pain theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. gel Semisolid material.
🗑
|
||||
| gene (JEEN) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of sensory receptor that is sensitive to changes in the environment, located throughout the tissues of the body.
🗑
|
||||
| general sense | show 🗑
|
||||
| genitalia (jen-ih-TAY-lee-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Period of fetal development from conception until birth; pregnancy. gland Organ that secretes specific chemicals (enzymes or hormones) necessary for body processes.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of cell of the nervous system that functions to support and protect neurons; also known as neuroglia .
🗑
|
||||
| gliding joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Space between the vocal cords (folds) of the larynx.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone secreted by the alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood glucose levels.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a group of steroid hormones secreted by the middle layer of the adrenal cortex; involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
🗑
|
||||
| glucose (GLOO-kose) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the buttocks.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Molecular component of triglycerides.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sticky layer of sugar and protein strands that covers some cells. glycogen (GLY-ko-jen)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anaerobic metabolic process in which glucose is broken down and converted into pyruvic acid to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cellular organelle that processes and packages proteins and lipids.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Proprioceptor that senses tension and is found in skeletal muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| gonad (GO-nad) | show 🗑
|
||||
| graded response | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin thread-like fibers formed by fibroblasts across a hematoma.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Areas of the brain or spinal cord made primarily of cell bodies and dendrites of neurons rather than myelinated axons; has a grayish color.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Large fatty extension of the peritoneum.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fluid component of connective tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Most abundant hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates and regulates growth in all tissue and plays an important role in some aspects of metabolism; also called somatotropin .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to taste.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fold or convolution of the cerebrum (plural: gyri).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Deep cutaneous receptor that wraps around the hair follicle and is sensitive to movement of the exposed hair shaft. hair shaft Exposed portion of a hair that projects above the surface of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Central canal of the haversian system in compact bone through which blood and lymph vessels and nerves pass.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Basic structural unit of compact bone, made up of the haversian canal and its concentric rings of lamellae; also known as an osteon.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized lymphocyte that boosts the body’s specific immune response.
🗑
|
||||
| hematoma (hee-mah-TO-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| hematopoiesis (heh-mat-o-po-EE-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and gives red blood cells their color.
🗑
|
||||
| hemorrhage (HEM-or-ij) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Physiologic process of stopping vascular bleeding.
🗑
|
||||
| hepatic duct (heh-PAT-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Point of intersection in the large intestine between the ascending and transverse colons.
🗑
|
||||
| hepatocyte (heh-PAT-o-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| hilum (HY-lum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| hinge joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| histamine (HIS-tah-meen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| histology (hist-AHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Health and wellness concept guided by the principle that the physical body, cognitive processes (mind), and emotional and spiritual aspects are inseparable parts of a whole and integrated person.
🗑
|
||||
| homeostasis (ho-mee-o-STAY-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement away from the midline within the transverse plane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement toward the midline within the transverse plane.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized chemical messenger released by endocrine glands into the blood.
🗑
|
||||
| horn | show 🗑
|
||||
| HPA axis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Smooth connective tissue found on the articular surface of bones.
🗑
|
||||
| hydrostatic pressure (hy-dro-STAT-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Local increase in blood volume or flow.
🗑
|
||||
| show | High arterial blood pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Excessive muscle tension.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase in the size or diameter of tissues or organs.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fat and areolar connective tissue that lies between the dermis and underlying tissues and organs; also known as the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anterior medial portion of the diencephalon that controls the autonomic nervous system and is the primary link to the endocrine system. idiopathic (ih-dee-o-PATH-ik)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lowest portion of the small intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Protection from or resistance to disease.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasma protein released by plasma B cells that can bind with an antigen to neutralize or kill it; also known as an antibody .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Process by which the blastocyst burrows into the uterine lining.
🗑
|
||||
| indication (in-dih-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inert tissue (in-NERT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Below; closer to feet; caudal.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Defensive response that helps to stabilize damaged tissue and prepare it for repair.
🗑
|
||||
| show | First phase of the healing process; includes hemorrhage, inflammation, secondary edema formation, spasm, and hematoma organization; also known as the acute stage .
🗑
|
||||
| show | The act of eating or taking in food or liquids.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the groin.
🗑
|
||||
| inhalation (in-hah-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inhibiting hormones | show 🗑
|
||||
| innate immune defense | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | To supply nerves to an organ or body part; to stimulate an organ or body part via nerve impulses.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Compound made of molecules that do not contain carbon atoms.
🗑
|
||||
| insertion (in-SIR-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone released by the beta cells in the pancreatic islets; causes a decrease in blood glucose levels.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Groups of specialized protein molecules in the plasma membrane of cells that monitor the internal and external environments, shuttle nutrients and wastes across the membrane, and direct cellular responses.
🗑
|
||||
| integration (in-teh-GRAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system made up of the skin and its accessory organs: hair, nails, oil glands, and sweat glands.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Small connections between cardiac muscle cells made by thickened areas in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
🗑
|
||||
| interferon (in-ter-FEER-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| internal respiration (res-pih-RAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| interoception (in-ter-o-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| interstitial fluid (in-ter-STIH-shal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) (in-ter-STIH-shal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| interstitial myofascial tissue receptors (in-ter- STIH-shul my-o-FASH-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| intrafusal (in-trah-FYU-zahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| inverse stretch reflex | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Charged particle of matter.
🗑
|
||||
| ion pump | show 🗑
|
||||
| ipsilateral (ip-sih-LAT-er-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Local decrease in blood volume or flow.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of specialized hormone-producing cells scattered throughout the pancreas that produce glucagon and insulin; also known as pancreatic islets .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of muscle contraction that increases tension but does not create movement.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of muscle contraction that creates movement.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Central portion of the small intestine.
🗑
|
||||
| joint | show 🗑
|
||||
| joint capsule | show 🗑
|
||||
| joint cavity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Receptor in the joint capsule and ligaments that monitors the pressure, tension, and movement of a joint.
🗑
|
||||
| eratin (KAIR-ah-tin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of cell in the outer layer of epidermis that secretes keratin.
🗑
|
||||
| kidney (KID-nee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The sense and awareness of movement.
🗑
|
||||
| kinetic chain (kin-EH-tik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Aerobic metabolic process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and converted into carbon dioxide and water, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat; also called the citric acid cycle .
🗑
|
||||
| kyphotic curve (ky-FAH-tik | show 🗑
|
||||
| labia (LAY-bee-uh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| labor | show 🗑
|
||||
| labrum (LAY-brum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lacteal (LAK-tee-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lactic acid (LAK-tik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lacuna (lah-KOO-nah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Concentric bony plate that surrounds the central canal (haversian canal) in an osteon (plural: lamellae).
🗑
|
||||
| Langerhans cells (LAHNG-er-hahnz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| large intestine | show 🗑
|
||||
| larynx (LAIR-inks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lateral (LAT-er-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Localized pathologic change in an organ or tissue, such as a wound, sore, rash, ulcer, tumor, boil, or other abnormal tissue change.
🗑
|
||||
| lesser omentum (o-MEN-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Formed element of blood that plays a vital role in the body’s healing and immune responses; includes neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; also known as a white blood cell .
🗑
|
||||
| ligament (LIG-ah-ment) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Peptide molecule that binds to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane of target cells to stimulate cellular activity.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of brain structures involved in processing memory and emotion and controlling unconscious aspects of behavior related to survival; called the “emotional brain.”
🗑
|
||||
| lipid (LIP-id) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone transported in blood via special carrier molecules, which then passes easily into the target cell to directly alter its metabolic activity; no second messenger is involved.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary lymphatic vessels that receive lymph from the pre-collectors and carry it to lymph node beds or lymphatic trunks; also called collectors .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system consisting of the lymph vessels and lymphoid tissue; involved in immunity, nutrient absorption, and fluid return.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Junction between the lymphatic ducts and the subclavian veins; also known as the angulus venosus .
🗑
|
||||
| lymphatic trunk (lim-FAT-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Edema caused by dysfunction or failure of the lymphatic system; a primary or secondary condition.
🗑
|
||||
| lymphocyte (LIM-fo-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lymphotome (LIM-fah-tome) | show 🗑
|
||||
| lysosome (LY-so-zome) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Large phagocyte; literally “big eater.”
🗑
|
||||
| show | Breasts.
🗑
|
||||
| manual | show 🗑
|
||||
| manual therapy | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement of phagocytes and fibroblasts to the periphery of an area of inflammation; occurs during the acute stage of the healing process.
🗑
|
||||
| marrow (MAIR-oh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mast cells | show 🗑
|
||||
| mastication (mas-tih-KAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| matrix (MAY-triks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | (match-er-AY-shun) Final phase of the healing process involving the final thickening and alignment of scar tissue; also called the remodeling stage .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Short channel or canal in a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| mechanoreceptor (meh-kan-o-ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Closer to or toward the midline of the body.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Central region in the thoracic cavity between the lungs which contains the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| medulla oblongata (meh-DU-lah ah-blawng-GAH-tuh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| medullary cavity (MED-yu-lair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cellular division of sex cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Superficial cutaneous receptor that is sensitive to vibration and light touch.
🗑
|
||||
| melanin (MEL-ah-nin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized cell of the epidermis that produces melanin.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone released by the anterior pituitary that affects skin pigmentation.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A type of skin cancer caused by mutations in melanocytes; can be aggressive and fatal.
🗑
|
||||
| melatonin (mel-ah-TO-nin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thin sheet of at least two layers of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or separates or connects structures or organs.
🗑
|
||||
| memory cell | show 🗑
|
||||
| meninges (meh-NIN-jeez) | show 🗑
|
||||
| meniscus (meh-NIS-kus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Merkel disc (MER-kuhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mesentery (MEZ-en-tair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mesoderm (MEZ-o-derm) | show 🗑
|
||||
| metabolic rate (meh-tah-BAH-lik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The sum of all biochemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism that are necessary to maintain life; includes building up molecules (anabolism) and breaking down molecules (catabolism).
🗑
|
||||
| show | In a long bone, the flared area where the diaphysis joins the epiphysis.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Minute organism; includes many types of pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.
🗑
|
||||
| microvilli (my-kro-VIH-ly) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Passing urine out of the urethra; also known as urination . midbrain Uppermost portion of the brain stem.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inorganic micronutrient required for maintaining tissues such as bone and blood and homeostatic balances including pH, fluid, and energy balance.
🗑
|
||||
| mineralocorticoid (min-eh-rahl-o-KOR-tih-koyd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cellular organelles responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (singular: mitochondrion).
🗑
|
||||
| mitosis (my-TO-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heart valve located between the left atrium and ventricle; also known as the bicuspid valve .
🗑
|
||||
| modulation (mahj-yu-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Particle formed by the bonding of two or more atoms.
🗑
|
||||
| motility (mo-TIL-ih-tee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Region of the neuromuscular junction located on a muscle fiber that is sensitive to neurotransmitters released from the knobs of a motor neuron.
🗑
|
||||
| motor neuron | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Consistent state of low-grade tension generated through tonic contractions; palpated as firmness in the muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.
🗑
|
||||
| motor unit recruitment | show 🗑
|
||||
| mucosa (myu-KO-sah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epithelial membrane that secretes mucus and lines cavities that open to the outside environment.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Thick, clear secretion of the mucous membrane. muscle belly Middle bulky portion of a muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Acute involuntary muscle contraction that can last for several minutes.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inability of muscle to contract forcefully after prolonged activity, even when stimulated to do so.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle recruitment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Involuntary muscle contraction sustained over hours, days, weeks, or months; can lead to problems such as postural adaptations, limited or painful movement, and poor circulation.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle spindle | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscle splinting | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of four major classes of tissue in the body; has the ability to contract.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle tone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system made up of muscles that move the skeleton, support and protect internal organs, and maintain posture.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Smooth muscular layer within the wall of an organ such as the digestive tract.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Tissue zone where muscle transitions to tendon.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lipid insulating layer found around the axons of many neurons.
🗑
|
||||
| myocardium (my-o-KAR-dee-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue links between muscles, bones, and fascial membranes that provide a pathway for the mechanical communication of tension throughout the body.
🗑
|
||||
| myofibril (my-o-FY-bril) | show 🗑
|
||||
| myofilament (my-o-FIL-ah-ment) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Oxygen-transporting protein of muscle; provides an immediate source of oxygen to the cell when needed.
🗑
|
||||
| myosin (MY-oh-sin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nostrils.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the nose.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Space on either side of the nasal septum lined with a mucous membrane; beginning of the respiratory tract.
🗑
|
||||
| nasal septum (NAY-zuhl SEP-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Lymphocyte found in blood; destroys pathogens.
🗑
|
||||
| naturally acquired immunity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Most common homeostatic control mechanism, in which the effector response counteracts the original stimulus; method by which hormone levels are regulated.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Microscopic functional unit of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Process extending from the cell body of a neuron, such as a dendrite or axon.
🗑
|
||||
| nerve impulse | show 🗑
|
||||
| nerve root | show 🗑
|
||||
| nervous system (NER-vus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of four major classes of tissue in the body; found in the nervous system only.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasma membrane of a Schwann cell (alternate spelling: neurolemma).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Compensations made by the brain in response to the long- term or repetitive presence of any chemical.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Reflexive neuronal pathways connecting the autonomic nervous system to smooth muscle cells in the fascia.
🗑
|
||||
| neuroglia (NUR-o-GLEE-uh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neuromuscular junction (nur-o-MUS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neuromuscular reflex (nur-o-MUS-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| neuron (NUR-on) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The specific route an action potential travels between neurons. neuronal pool (nur-RON-al)
🗑
|
||||
| nociceptor (no-see-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| node of Ranvier (RAHN-vee-ay) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small node. nonspecific immune defense Any of a group of general body defenses that are not directed at a particular pathogen; also known as innate immune defense . noradrenaline (nor-ah-DREN-ah-lin)
🗑
|
||||
| nucleic acids (nu-KLEE-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Large cellular organelle that contains DNA.
🗑
|
||||
| obligatory load (uh-BLIG-ah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the back of the head; posterior region of the skull.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the posterior elbow (the point of the elbow).
🗑
|
||||
| olfaction (ohl-FAK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| oncotic pressure (on-KAH-tik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the mouth.
🗑
|
||||
| orbital (OR-bih-tal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| organ (OR-guhn) | show 🗑
|
||||
| organelle (or-gah-NEL) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Having a bony or bone-like consistency or structure.
🗑
|
||||
| osteoblast (AH-stee-o-blast) | show 🗑
|
||||
| osteoclast (AH-stee-o-klast) | show 🗑
|
||||
| osteocyte (AH-stee-o-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Producing bone; derived from or composed of bone-producing tissues.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gross movement that occurs between two bones and according to joint axes; includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Basic structural unit of compact bone; made up of the haversian canal and its concentric rings of lamellae; also known as a haversian system.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the ear.
🗑
|
||||
| ovary (O-vuh-ree) | show 🗑
|
||||
| oviduct (O-vih-dukt) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Expelling of an egg from the ovary.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Female gamete; also known as an egg (plural: ova).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cumulative deficit of oxygen that results from a period of exercise; leads to deep and rapid breathing after exertion has stopped in order to obtain more oxygen. oxytocin (ahks-ee-TO-sin)
🗑
|
||||
| show | (pah-SIN-ee-un KOR-puh-sal) Deep cutaneous receptor that is sensitive to vibrations and deep pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The amount of stimulus required to produce a pain signal.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The amount of pain a person can withstand.
🗑
|
||||
| pallor (PAL-or) | show 🗑
|
||||
| palmar (PALM-er) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Elongated glandular organ situated behind the stomach that secretes pancreatic juice and the hormones insulin and glucagon; classified as both an exocrine gland (digestive functions) and endocrine gland (islet cells).
🗑
|
||||
| pancreatic duct (pan-kree-AT-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pancreatic islets (pan-kree-AT-ik Y-lets) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Superficial region of the dermis that contains blood and lymph vessels and cutaneous receptors.
🗑
|
||||
| parallel muscle | show 🗑
|
||||
| parasympathetic (pair-ah-sim-pah-THET-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| parathyroid gland (pair-ah-THY-royd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) (pair-ah-THY-royd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| parietal layer (pah-RY-ah-tal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| passive transport | show 🗑
|
||||
| patellar (pah-TEL-ahr) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pathogen (PATH-o-jen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pathology (path-AHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pectoral (PEK-tor-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the foot.
🗑
|
||||
| pelvic (PEL-vik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| penis (PEE-nis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pennate muscle (PEN-ayt) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pepsin (PEP-sin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| peptide (PEP-tide) | show 🗑
|
||||
| perception (per-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small canal (channel) in dense bone that communicates with the haversian canals, allowing for the passage of blood vessels into the bone; Volkmann’s canal.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| perimysium (pair-ee-MY-see-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| perineum (pair-uh-NEE-um) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue covering that binds multiple nerve fibers together to create a fascicle.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Connective tissue covering of all bones.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary division of the nervous system consisting of the nerves and ganglia that connect the various parts of the body with the central nervous system.
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral resistance (peh-RIF-er-al ree-ZIS-tans) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Wave-like contraction of the smooth muscle layer that propels contents forward through a muscular tube.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs and lines the abdominal cavity.
🗑
|
||||
| permissive effect | show 🗑
|
||||
| Peyer’s patch (PY-uhrz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pH scale | show 🗑
|
||||
| phagocyte (FAG-o-site) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Active transport mechanism in which cells, cell fragments, or debris are engulfed, ingested (eaten), and absorbed.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Passageway for air and food between the nose and larynx; commonly called the throat.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Skeletal muscle whose primary role is to create movement.
🗑
|
||||
| pheromone (FAIR-uh-mone) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory receptor that is sensitive to light.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specific, objective, quantifiable changes in the body’s structure and/or function. physiology (fiz-ee-AHL-o-jee)
🗑
|
||||
| pia mater (PEE-uh MAH-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| piezoelectricity (pee- zo-eh-lek-TRIS-ih-tee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pineal gland (PY-nee-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pinocytosis (pee-no-sy-TO-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pituitary gland (pih-TOO-ih-tair-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pivot joint (PIH-vuht) | show 🗑
|
||||
| placenta (plah-SEN-tah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the sole of the foot.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ankle movement in which the plantar surface moves downward; pointing the foot down.
🗑
|
||||
| plasma (PLAZ-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| plasma cell (PLAZ-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Selectively permeable boundary surrounding all cells; also known as the cell membrane .
🗑
|
||||
| plasma oncotic pressure (POP) (PLAZ-mah on-KAH- tik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| plasma proteins (PLAZ-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Capacity to be molded, changed, or functionally modified; e.g., nervous or fascial plasticity.
🗑
|
||||
| platelet (PLAYT-let) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and surrounds the lungs. plexus (PLEKS-us)
🗑
|
||||
| plicae (PLY-kah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Structure of the brain stem that forms a bridge connecting the medulla with the midbrain.
🗑
|
||||
| popliteal (pop-lah-TEE-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Back; also known as dorsal . postural muscle Skeletal muscle that plays an essential role in maintaining the body’s upright position.
🗑
|
||||
| precapillary sphincter (pree-KAP-eh-lair-ee SFINGK-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| proliferative stage (pro-LIF-er-ah-tiv) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | In general, the process of spreading to a larger area or disseminating; in regard to the nervous system, refers to the conduction of an impulse along a nerve fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| proprioception (pro-pree-o-SEP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory receptor sensitive to movement and/or changes in length or tension in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, or joint fascia.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Any of a group of locally acting hormone-like compounds derived from fatty acids and released by virtually all cells except red blood cells; effects on surrounding tissue include alteration of fat metabolism and enhancing the inflammatory response.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Donut-shaped gland that surrounds the upper portion of the urethra and secretes a milky fluid that is a primary component of semen.
🗑
|
||||
| protein (PRO-teen) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anabolic process in cells in which amino acids are chained together to produce proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| proximal (PRAHK-sih-mal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Arising from the mind.
🗑
|
||||
| psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) (sy-ko-nur-o-im-yu- NAHL-o-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pubic (PYOO-bik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cardiovascular circulatory pathway between the heart and lungs.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Heart valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Rhythmic expansion of an artery in response to ventricular contraction; can be felt by placing a finger on the skin over the artery.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Small fibers that are part of the heart’s conduction system and carry the action potential across the ventricles.
🗑
|
||||
| pus | show 🗑
|
||||
| pyloric sphincter (py-LOR-ik SFINGK-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| pylorus (py-LOR-us) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Organic compound formed as an end product of glycolysis, the anaerobic phase of glucose metabolism; may be converted to lactic acid in muscle tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Extent or range of movement of a joint measured in degrees (as in degrees of a circle).
🗑
|
||||
| reabsorption (ree-ab-SORP-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| receptor (ree-SEP-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Reflex mechanism that coordinates the effort between agonist and antagonist muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Straight distal portion of the large intestine between the sigmoid colon and the anus.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Formed element of blood responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body; also known as an erythrocyte .
🗑
|
||||
| referred pain | show 🗑
|
||||
| reflex (REE-fleks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Simple neuronal pathway involving two or three neurons that produces a predictable motor response to a specific sensory stimulus.
🗑
|
||||
| refractory period (ree-FRAK-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| releasing hormones | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cycle of breaking down and rebuilding bones carried out by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Final phase of the healing process involving the final thickening and alignment of scar tissue; see maturation stage .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Large fascial envelope that surrounds each kidney and attaches it to the abdominal wall.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Initial portion of a nephron comprising the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
🗑
|
||||
| renal cortex (REE-nal KOR-teks) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Inner region of the kidney.
🗑
|
||||
| renal pelvis (REE-nal PEL-vis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Triangle-shaped bundle of microscopic tubes within the renal medulla that collect urine from a specific group of nephrons.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Second portion of a nephron consisting of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the loop of Henle.
🗑
|
||||
| repolarization (ree-po-lah-ry-ZAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| reproductive system (ree-pro-DUK-tiv) | show 🗑
|
||||
| resistance reaction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Process of breaking down bone tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| respiration (res-pih-RAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| respiratory membrane (RES-peh-rah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract.
🗑
|
||||
| respiratory system (RES-peh-rah-tor-ee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| reticular fiber (reh-TIK-yu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Net-like arrangement of small masses of gray and white matter within the brain stem that plays a role in managing autonomic functions, muscle tone, and states of alertness and sleep.
🗑
|
||||
| reticulin (reh-TIK-yu-lin) | show 🗑
|
||||
| retina (REH-tih-nah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nucleic acid that copies portions of DNA to be translated by ribosomes to make proteins.
🗑
|
||||
| ribosome (RY-buh-zome) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of the two largest deep lymphatic vessels; collects lymph from the right upper quadrant of the body and returns it to the right subclavian vein.
🗑
|
||||
| rod | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement about a fixed point in a single axis that can occur in any plane.
🗑
|
||||
| Ruffini’s corpuscle (ru-FEE-neez KOR-puh-sal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| rugae (ROO-gy) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sacral (SA-kral) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Type of synovial joint in which bone surfaces are shaped like a saddle; allows flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Vertical plane that divides the body or a body part into right and left sections.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Secretion of the salivary glands.
🗑
|
||||
| saltatory conduction (SAHL-tah-tor-ee kahn-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| sarcomere (SAR-ko-meer) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber.
🗑
|
||||
| scapular (SKAP-yu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| scoliosis (sko-lee-O-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| scrotum (SKRO-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Oily secretion of the sebaceous glands that is released onto the surface of the skin.
🗑
|
||||
| secondary edema (eh-DEE-mah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Method of action for water-soluble hormones; the hormone is the first messenger, and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produced inside the cell is the second.
🗑
|
||||
| secretion (seh-KREE-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| segmentation (seg-men-TAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Thick whitish fluid consisting of sperm and secretions from several accessory reproductive organs.
🗑
|
||||
| semicircular canal (sem-ee-SER-kyu-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One of two ducts that secrete a thick alkaline fluid that is a primary component of semen.
🗑
|
||||
| seminiferous tubules (sem-ih-NIF-er-us TOO-byulz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sensation (sen-SAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory nerve ending that is sensitive to a specific change in the environment (stimulus).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dividing wall of tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| sequela (seh-KWEL-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Outermost serous membrane layer of the digestive tract; visceral peritoneum.
🗑
|
||||
| serous fluid (SEER-us) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Epithelial membrane that folds to cover organs and line a cavity without openings to the external environment.
🗑
|
||||
| sexual reproduction (SEKS-shoo-al ree-pro-DUK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sigmoid colon (SIG-moyd KO-lun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sign | show 🗑
|
||||
| sinoatrial (SA) node (sy-no-AY-tree-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cavity inside a structure, such as within a bone.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system consisting of the bones and joints.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Defensive body reaction involving B and T cell activation by a specific pathogen; also known as an adaptive immune response .
🗑
|
||||
| show | Male sex cell (gamete).
🗑
|
||||
| sphincter (SFINGK-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the backbone region; also called vertebral .
🗑
|
||||
| spinal cavity (SPY-nal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nerve originating from the spinal cord.
🗑
|
||||
| spinal segment (SPY-nal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Large vascular lymphoid organ located in the upper left abdominal quadrant; functions include lymphocyte and platelet storage, blood filtering, and serving as an emergency blood reserve.
🗑
|
||||
| splenic flexure (SPLEH-nik FLEK-shur) | show 🗑
|
||||
| spongy bone (SPUN-jee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sprain | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscle that stabilizes or fixes the origin end of a prime mover so that the movement is more efficient; also known as the fixator.
🗑
|
||||
| show | An undifferentiated cell capable of indefinitely giving rise to more cells of the same or different types.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pertaining to the breastbone region.
🗑
|
||||
| steroid hormone (STAIR-oyd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Any internal or external change in the environment that produces a response.
🗑
|
||||
| stomach (STUH-mak) | show 🗑
|
||||
| strain | show 🗑
|
||||
| strata (STRAH-tah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Group of physiologic responses initiated by the hypothalamus when stress is perceived; includes the alarm response of the autonomic nervous division and the resistance reaction of the endocrine system.
🗑
|
||||
| stretch reflex | show 🗑
|
||||
| structural effects (STRUK-chur-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| subacute stage (sub-ah-KYOOT) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fat and areolar connective tissue that lies between the dermis and underlying tissues and organs; also known as the hypodermis or superficial fascia .
🗑
|
||||
| submucosa (sub-myu-KO-sah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sweat gland.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Shallow groove or depression, as in the cerebrum (plural: sulci).
🗑
|
||||
| show | Closer to the surface.
🗑
|
||||
| superficial fascia (soo-per-FISH-al FASH-ah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| superior (soo-PEER-ee-or) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized lymphocyte that inhibits or shuts down the body’s specific immune response when no longer needed.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Endocrine gland situated on top of each kidney; also known as the adrenal gland .
🗑
|
||||
| sural (SUR-uhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| suture (SOO-chur) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic (sim-pah-THET-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| sympathetic chain (sim-pah-THET-ik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Subjective indicator of disease as perceived by the patient; not easily measured or quantified.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Functional junction point between a neuron and another neuron or an effector.
🗑
|
||||
| synaptic bulb (sin-NAP-tik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tiny gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons across which the neurotransmitter diffuses.
🗑
|
||||
| synarthrosis (sin-ar-THRO-sis) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Muscle that assists the agonist in creating movement.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Effect of two hormones working together to enhance or intensify a target’s response beyond that which occurs when each hormone acts singly.
🗑
|
||||
| synovial fluid (sin-O-vee-ahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| synovial joint (sin-O-vee-ahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| synovial membrane (sin-O-vee-ahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| system (SIS-tum) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cardiovascular pathway between the heart and the tissues of the body.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Response to manual therapy that is mediated by the cellular, circulatory, endocrine, and/or nervous systems; occurs regionally or throughout the body.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Contraction state of a heart chamber.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specialized lymphocyte involved in cell-mediated immunity; also called a T lymphocyte.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sensory receptor found in the skin that is sensitive to touch, vibration, or pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| tarsal (TAR-sahl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| taste bud | show 🗑
|
||||
| temporal (TEM-per-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Localized area of tenderness within a muscle that is painful when compressed.
🗑
|
||||
| tendinopathy (ten-dih-NAHP-uh-thee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
🗑
|
||||
| tenoperiosteal junction (tee-no-pair-ee-AH-stee-uhl) | show 🗑
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| tensegrity (ten-SEG-rih-tee) | show 🗑
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| thrombocyte (THRAHM-bo-site) | show 🗑
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| thromboembolism (thrahm-bo-EM-bo-lih-zum) | show 🗑
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| thrombus (THRAHM-bus) | show 🗑
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| thymosin (THY-mah-sin) | show 🗑
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||||
| thymus (THY-mus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| thyroid gland (THY-royd) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Metabolism-boosting lipid- soluble hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; includes triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ).
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|
||||
| show | Tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates the thyroid gland to release the thyroid hormones.
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|
||||
| show | Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases cellular metabolism.
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|
||||
| show | Group of like cells working together.
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|
||||
| tonic contraction (TAH-nik) | show 🗑
|
||||
| tonsil (TAHN-sil) | show 🗑
|
||||
| trabecula (trah-BEK-yu-lah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tube that connects the upper respiratory tract to the lungs; commonly called the windpipe.
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|
||||
| show | Bundle of myelinated axons within the spinal cord.
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|
||||
| show | Process of converting a stimulus to an action potential; the first step in translating a stimulus to a pain perception.
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|
||||
| show | Plasma protein that binds iron when activated by a pathogen to make it unavailable to bacteria.
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|
||||
| show | The carrying of a nerve impulse along a neuron.
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|
||||
| transverse colon (TRANZ-vers KO-lun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Horizontal plane that divides the body or a body part into superior and inferior sections.
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|
||||
| traumatic edema (trah-MAT-ik eh-DEE-muh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| tricuspid valve (try-KUSS-pid) | show 🗑
|
||||
| triglyceride (try-GLIH-suh-ride) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases cellular metabolism; contains three iodine atoms, also known as .
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|
||||
| trochanter (TRO-kan-ter) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Protein molecule that is the basic structural unit of collagen; consists of three coiled polypeptide chains, giving it a triple-helix appearance.
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|
||||
| tubercle (TOO-ber-kul) | show 🗑
|
||||
| tuberosity (too-beh-RAH-seh-tee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| twitch | show 🗑
|
||||
| ulcer (UL-ser) | show 🗑
|
||||
| umbilical (um-BIL-ih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| umbilical cord (um-BIL-ih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Byproduct of amino acid catabolism created from ammonia and excreted in urine.
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|
||||
| show | Muscular tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
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|
||||
| urethra (yu-REE-thruh) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Body system involved in elimination of fluid wastes and regulation of water and electrolyte balance.
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|
||||
| urination (yur-ih-NAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Liquid waste formed by the kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| uterus (YOO-teh-rus) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vagina (vuh-JY-nah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vas deferens (vas DEF-er-enz) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vasoconstriction (vay-zo-kahn-STRIK-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vasodilation (vay-zo-dy-LAY-shun) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vasopressin (vay-zo-PRESS-in) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
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|
||||
| show | Movement of air into and out of the lungs; breathing.
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|
||||
| show | Front; also known as anterior .
🗑
|
||||
| ventricle (VEN-trih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small vein.
🗑
|
||||
| vertebral (ver-TEE-bral) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vesicle (VEH-sih-kal) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small space at the base of the semicircular canals of the inner ear that contains mechanoreceptors responsible for static equilibrium.
🗑
|
||||
| villi (VIH-ly) | show 🗑
|
||||
| visceral (VIS-er-al) | show 🗑
|
||||
| visceral effector (VIS-er-al ee-FEK-tor) | show 🗑
|
||||
| viscoelasticity (vis-ko-ee-las-TIS-ih-tee) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vitamin (VY-tuh-min) | show 🗑
|
||||
| vocal cord (VO-kuhl) | show 🗑
|
||||
| volar (VO-lar) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small canal (channel) in dense bone that communicates with the haversian canals, allowing for the passage of blood vessels into the bone; perforating canal.
🗑
|
||||
| vulva (VUL-vah) | show 🗑
|
||||
| watershed | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hormone that is easily transported in blood and requires a second messenger to stimulate metabolic changes in target cells.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Formed element of blood that plays a vital role in the body’s healing and immune responses; includes neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; also known as a leukocyte .
🗑
|
||||
| white matter | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Fertilized egg.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
Afulton
Popular Massage Therapy sets