Lesson 9 Medical Assisting
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| The study of how the body is put together and how it works in health and disease | Human Biology
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| The science of the structure of the body--the appearance and relationships of the body parts. | Anatomy
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| The parts of the body that we can see with our eyes. | Gross Anatomy/ Macroscopic Anatomy
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| The parts of the body that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. | Microscopic Anatomy/ Cell Anatomy
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| The study of how the body works. It describes the function of the body and its organs, tissues, and cells. | Physiology
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| The systems of the body that we can see with our eyes. | Gross Physiology
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| Concerns cell-level physiology. | Microscopic Physiology
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| The study of human biology when the anatomy and/or the physiology is abnormal. | Pathology
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| The body is straight up with palms up and thumbs are faced out. | Anatomic Position
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| Divides the body into superior and inferior sections. | Transverse/ Horizontal Plane
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| Above | Superior
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| Below | Inferior
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| Divides body into right and left sections. | Sagittal/Longitudinal Plane
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| Divides the body into equal right and left sections. It's the midline of the body. | Midsagittal/Median Plane
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| Divides the body into unequal right and left sections. | Parasagittal Plane
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| Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. | Coronal/Frontal Plane
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| Front | Anterior
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| Back | Posterior
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| Towards the top of the head. | Cephalad
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| Towards the soles of the feet. | Caudad
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| Closer to the midsagittal plane or middle. | Medial
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| Farther away from the midsagittal plane or middle. | Lateral
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| In front of | Anterior
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| In back of | Posterior
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| On the belly side | Ventral
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| On the back side | Dorsal
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| Nearer to the center of the body or organ. | Proximal
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| Farther away from the center of the body or organ. | Distal
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| On or closer to the skin or surface of an organ. | Superficial
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| Under or farther away from the skin or surface of an organ. | Deep
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| Within or near the center. | Central
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| At or near the rim or edge. | Peripheral
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| The outer wall of a body cavity. | Parietal
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| The covering of an organ. | Visceral
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| Outside or closer to the skin or surface of an organ. | External
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| Inside or farther away from the skin or surface of an organ. | Internal
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| Situated on or affecting the same side of the body. | Ipsilateral
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| Situated on or affecting the opposite side of the body. | Contralateral
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| Carrying toward a body part or the center of an organ. | Afferent
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| Carrying away from a body part or the center of an organ. | Efferent
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| The study of the surface of the body. | Superficial Anatomy
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| Lying flat on the back. | Supine
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| Forehead | Frons
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| Eye | Orbit
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| Cheek | Bucca
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| Neck | Cervix
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| Collarbone | Clavicle
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| Armpit | Axilla
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| Chest | Thorax
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| Rib and cartilage | Costochondral Margin
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| Trunk | Abdomen
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| Navel, bellybutton | Umbilicus
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| Front pelvic bone | Pubis
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| Thigh | Femur
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| Kneecap | Patella
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| Ankle | Talus
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| Upper arm | Brachium
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| Front of elbow | Antecubital Fossa
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| Forearm | Antebrachium
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| Wrist | Carpus
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| Finger/toe | Digit
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| Side from ribs to hip bone. | Flank
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| Hip bone | Iliac crest
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| Groin | Inguen
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| Shin | Tibia
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| Elbow | Cubitus
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| Back of head | Occiput
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| Neck | Cervix
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| Shoulder blade | Scapula
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| Upper back | Dorsum
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| Lower back | Lumbus
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| Spinal bones located between the buttocks | Sacrum
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| Butttocks | Gluteus
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| Back of knee | Popliteal fossa
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| Calf | Sura
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| Heel | Calcaneus
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| Sole of foot | Plantar surface
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| Frontal | Front/o
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| Orbital | Orbit/o
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| Buccal | Bucc/o
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| Cervical | Cervic/o
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| Clavicular | Clavicul/o
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| Axillary | Axill/o
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| Thoracic | Thorac/o
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| Brachial | Brachi/o
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| Carpal | Carp/o
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| Digital | Digit/o
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| Abdominal | Abdomin/o
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| Umbilical | Umbilic/o
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| Inguinal | Inguin/o
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| Groin | Inguen
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| Pubic | Pub/o
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| Femoral | Femor/o
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| Tibial | Tibi/o
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| Patellar | Patell/o
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| Talar | Tal/o
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| Cubital | Cubit/o
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| Occipital | Occipit/o
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| Scapular | Scapul/o
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| Dorsal | Dors/o
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| Lumbar | Lumb/o
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| Sacral | Sacr/o
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| Gluteal | Glute/o
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| Sural | Sur/o
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| Calcaneal | Calcane/o
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| Ad/ | Toward
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| Af/ | Ad/ combined with F
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| Afferent | To carry toward
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| Anatomy | The science of the structure of the body
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| Antero/ | Before
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| Anterior | In front of
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| Biology | The study of living things
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| Caud/o | Cauda, tail
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| Centr/o | Center
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| Central | Relating to a center
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| Corno/o | Corona, crown
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| Coronal | Relating to the corona or crown
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| Cytology | The study of cells
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| Distal | Farther away from the center
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| Dors/o | Dorsum, back
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| Dorsal | Relating to the dorsum or back
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| /e | Noun suffix
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| Ef/ | Ex/combined with F
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| Efferent | To carry away from
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| Ex/, exo/ | Away from, without, outside
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| External | Outer, outside
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| /ferent | Bear, carry
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| Histology | The study of tissue
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| Ili/o | The ilium (hip bone) or iliac region
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| Incision | To cut open
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| Infer/o | Low, below
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| Inferior | Below
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| Internal | Within, inside
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| Later/o | Lateral
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| Lateral | Relating to or toward the side
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| /ly (adverb) | In the style of
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| Medi/o | Media
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| Medial | Toward the middle or relating to the middle
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| Midsagittal | Pertaining to the midline
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| Morphology | The study of the form of body parts
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| /on | Noun suffix
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| Parasagittal | Relating to dividing the body into unequal right and left sections
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| Pathology | The study of human biology when anatomy and/or physiology are abnormal
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| Peripheral | At or near the rim or edge
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| Pher/o | Support, bear
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| Physiologically | Relating to physiology
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| Physiologic | Normal function of the body
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| Physiology | The study of how the body works
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| Plane | Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body; transverse, sagittal, coronal
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| Posterolateral | Behind and to one side
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| Poster/o | Posterior
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| Posterior | In back of
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| Proxim/o | Proximal
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| Proximal | Near to the center
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| Sagittal | Relating to dividing the body into right and left sections
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| Scop/o | Examine
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| Inferior | Below
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| Internal | Within, inside
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| Later/o | Lateral
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| Lateral | Relating to or toward the side
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| /ly (adverb) | In the style of
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| Medi/o | Media
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| Medial | Toward the middle or relating to the middle
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| Midsagittal | Pertaining to the midline
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| Morphology | The study of the form of body parts
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| /ion | Noun suffix
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| Parasagittal | Relating to dividing the body into unequal right and left sections
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| Pathology | The study of human biology when anatomy and/or physiology are abnormal
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| Super/o | Above
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| Superior | Above, upward
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| Superomedial | Above the middle
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| Superolateral | Above and to one side
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| Transverse | Relating to dividing the body into superior and inferior sections
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| Ventr/o | Ventral
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| Ventral | Belly side
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| Abdomen | Part of trunk between thorax and pelvis
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| Antebrachium | Forearm, from elbow to wrist
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| Axilla | Armpit
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| Brachi/o | Brachium
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| Brachium | Arm, from shoulder to elbow
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| Bucc/o | Bucca
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| Bucca | Cheek
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| Calcane/o | Calcaneus
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| Calcaneus | Heel
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| Carp/o | Carpus
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| Carpus | Wrist
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| Cervix | Neck
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| Clavicle | Collarbone
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| Costal | Relating to rib
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| Costochondral | Relating to rib and cartilage
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| Cubit/o | Cubitus
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| Cubitus | Elbow
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| Deltoid | Triangular in shape
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| Digit/o | Digit
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| Digit | Finger or toe
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| Epigastric | Relating to the epigastrium, the upper middle region of the abdomen
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| Femor/o | Femur
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| Femur | Thigh
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| Flank | The side of the body from the ribs to the hip bone
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| Fossa | A hollow or depressed area
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| Frons | Forehead
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| Front/o | Frons
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| Glute/o | Gluteus
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| gluteus | Buttock
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| Hypochondriac | Relating to the upper lateral regions of the abdomen (right and left)
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| Iliac crest | Hip bone
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| Ilium | Superior portion of the hip bone
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| Inguin/o | Inguen
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| Inguen | Groin
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| LLQ | Left lower quadrant
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| Lumb/o | Lumbus
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| Lumbar | Relating to the lumbus, the back between thorax and pelvis
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| LUQ | Left upper quadrant
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| Lymphadenopathy | Disease of the lymph nodes
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| Occipit/o | Occiput
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| Occiput | Back of head
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| Orbit/o | Orbit
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| Orbit | Eye
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| Patell/o | Patella
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| Patella | Kneecap
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| Plantar surface | Sole of the foot
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| Popliteal fossa | Back of knee
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| Pretibial | Relating to in front of the tibia; the shin
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| Prone | Lying with face down
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| Pub/o | Pubis
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| Pubis | Pelvic bone margin
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| RLQ | Right lower quadrant
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| RUQ | Right upper quadrant
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| Sacr/o | Sacrum
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| Sacrum | The upper portion of the back between the buttocks
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| Scapul/o | Scapula
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| Scapula | Shoulder blade
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| Supine | Lying with face upward
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| Tal/o | Talus
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| Talus | Ankle
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| Tars/o | Tarsus
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| Tarsus | Broad flat surface; instep of foot or edge of eyelid
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| Thoracic | Relating to the chest
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| Thorax | Chest
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| Tibi/o | Tibia
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| Tibia | Shin bone
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| Umbilic/o | Umbilicus
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| Umbilicus | navel
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| Front/o | Frontal
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| Orbit/o | Orbital
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| Bucc/o | Buccal
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| Cervic/o | Cervical
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| Clavicul/o | Clavicular
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| Axill/o | Axillary
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| Thorac/o | Thoracic
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| Brachi/o | Brachial
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| Carp/o | Carpal
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| Digit/o | Digital
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| Abdomin/o | Abdominal
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| Umbilic/o | Umbilical
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| Inguin/o | Inguinal
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| Pub/o | Pubic
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| Femor/o | Femoral
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| Tibi/o | Tibial
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| Patell/o | Patellar
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| Tal/o | Talar
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| Cubit/o | Cubital
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| Occitpit/o | Occipital
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| Scapul/o | Scapular
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| Dors/o | Dorsal
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| Lumb/o | Lumbar
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| Glute/o | Gluteal
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| Sur/o | Sural
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| Calcane/o | calcaneal
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| The spaces within the body that contain the various internal organs. | Body Cavities
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| Subdivided into cranial and spinal cavities. | Dorsal Body Cavity
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| the space inside the skull that contains the brain. | Cranial Cavity
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| the cavity formed by the vertebrae, and it contains the spinal cord and the beginning of the spinal nerves. | Spinal Canal
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| the opening of the occipital bone that interconnects the cranial cavity and spinal cord. | Foramen Magnum
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| the hollow space towards the front of the body that contains the organs of the circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. | Ventral Body Cavity
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| the upper portion of the ventral cavity that contain the major organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. | Thoracic Cavity
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| a mass of tissue between the lungs extending from the sternum to the vertebral column. | Mediastinum
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| The cavity that encloses the heart. | Pericardial Cavity
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| The cavities containing the lungs. | Pleural Cavities
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| A dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. | Muscular Diaphragm
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| The hollow space within the trunk that holds the abdominal and pelvic organs. | Abdominopelvic Cavity
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| The upper portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the gallbladder, liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, kidney, pancreas and the ureters. | Abdominal Cavity
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| The lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the bladder, colon, rectum and the internal reproductive organs. | Pelvic Cavity
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| Are layers of tissues that cover organ surfaces, line body cavities and form tubes. | Membranes
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| Membranous tissue that covers internal surfaces of the body, which include cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane and serous membrane. | Epithelial Membranes
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| The outer layer of the skin. | Cutaneous Membrane
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| The surface, or outer layer of the skin, that dries to a tough, nonliving, keratinized layer of squamous cells that waterproofs the skin. | Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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| resembling scales | Squamous
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| line every tube or cavity that connects to the surface of the body; they often secrete mucus, which prevents body cavities from drying out. | Mucous Membranes (mucosa)
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| line the major body cavities that do not connect to the surface of the body; they occur in pairs. | Serous Membranes (serosa)
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| The inner layer of the serous membrane that lines the organs. | Visceral Layer
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| The layer of serous membrane that lines body cavities. | Parietal Layer
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| which lubricates the organs and reduces friction as they glide across each other and the cavity walls. | Serous Fluid (serum)
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| A serous membrane lining that protects the thoracic cavity. | Pleura
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| The serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity. | Parietal Pericardium
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| The thin, transparent serous membrane covering the heart. | Visceral Pericardium
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| A layer of serous membrane that protect the lungs and line the pleural cavities. | Parietal Pleura
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| The inner layer of serous membrane that covers the lungs. | Visceral Pleura
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| The largest serous membrane of the body which binds the abdominopelvic organs to each other and the cavity wall. | Peritoneum
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| A layer of membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. | Parietal Peritoneum
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| Covers some of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. | Visceral Peritoneum
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| Composed of a gel-like material; it usually contains different types of connective tissue elements. | Synovial Membrane
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| Each layer of the meninges, which consist of three layers of membrane that protect the cranial cavity and the spinal cord. | Meninx
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| tissues that line the cranial cavity. | Cranial Meninges
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| Membranes that line the spinal canal. | Spinal Meninges
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| The outer layer of tissues protecting the cranium and spine. | Dura Mater
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| The middle layer of tissues protecting the cranium and spine. | Arachnoid
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| The inner layer of tissues protecting the cranium and spine. | Pia Matter
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| Organs that are located outside of the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity. | Retroperitoneal Organs
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| Surgical puncture into the abdominal cavity to remove fluid. | Abdominocentesis
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| Relating to the abdominal and pelvic cavity. | Abdominopelvic
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| Relating to the skull. | Cranial
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| Skull | Cranium
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| The muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. | Diaphragm
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| Refers to dura mater, the outer membrane protecting the brain and spinal cord. | Dura
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| Opening | Foramen
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| Large opening. | Foramen Magnum
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| break or bursting through, abnormal flow. | Hemorrhage
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| Condition of underactive thyroid. | Hypothyroidism
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| lungs | Pneumon/o
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| mediastinum | Mediastin/o
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| mass of tissue between the lungs. | Mediastinum
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| meninges | Mening/o
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| The three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord: -Dura Mater -Pia Mater -Arachnoid | Meninges
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| Organ | Organ/o
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| relating to an organ. | Organic
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| Paries, wall | Pariet/o
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| Relating to the wall of a cavity. | Parietal
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| Lower portion of the abdomen | Pelvis
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| Membrane that encloses the heart. | Pericardium
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| Peritoneum | Peritone/o
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| Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. | Peritoneum
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| fence, wall | Phrang/o
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| Enclosure | /phragm
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| Diaphragm | Phren/o
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| Relating to the diaphragm | Phrenic
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| Pleura | Pleur/o
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| Serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity. | Pleura
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| Relating to behind the eye. | Retro-orbital
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| Relating to behind the peritoneum. | Retroperitoneal
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| Serous Membrane | Serosa
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| Clear fluid secreted from serous membranes. | Serum
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| Spina | Spin/o
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| Spine | Spina
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| The canal formed by the vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord and meninges. | Spinal Canal
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| Surgical puncture into the chest wall to remove fluid. | Thoracocentesis, Thoracentesis
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| Tone, tension | Ton/o
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| Normal degree of tension or stretch in muscle. | Tone
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| Viscus | Viscer/o
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| Any large organ in a cavity, especially the abdomen. | Viscus, Viscera
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| Covers every body surface, including the outer surface, body cavities and organs. | Epithelial Tissue
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| Connects other types of tissues, helps support the body and has its own blood supply. | Connective Tissue
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| Extends and contracts, allowing movement. | Muscle Tissue
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| transmits electrical impulses and makes up the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. | Nervous Tissue
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| The organ system containing the liver, stomach, intestines and pancreas, all aiding in the function of digestion. | Digestive/Gastrointestinal System
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| Organs with similar functions or physiology are grouped together. | Organ Systems
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| Organs with similar functions or physiology are grouped together. | Organ Systems
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| It lies in the pleura and pleural cavities, and is concerned with the breathing, such as the organs that include the lungs, trachea and the larynx. | Respiratory System
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| The organ system that transports oxygen to allow gas exchange. | Circulatory/Cardiovascular System
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| The thymus forms lymph tissue for the body's use, and lies in the mediastinum. | Lymphopoietic Organ
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| Includes the brain, spinal cord, the nerves that reach each organ in the body, and the mind. | Nervous, Neurological or Neuro-psychiatric System
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| Includes Skeletal muscles, ligaments and tendons. Only voluntary muscles are part of this system. | Muscular System
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| Includes bones, joints, cartilage and spine. | Skeletal System
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| Voluntary muscles and bones. | Musculoskeletal System
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| Includes skin, nails, hair, sweat and sebaceous glands. | Integumentary System
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| In the covering or in the skin. | Integument
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| Largest organ in the body. | Skin
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| The organ system that secretes hormones and consists of the thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands. | Endocrine System
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| This system begins with the mouth and ends at the anus, and includes the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, mouth and esophagus. It's also called the gastrointestinal system. | Digestive System
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| This system filters the blood and produces urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. | Urinary System
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| Includes such organs as the ovaries, uterus, vagina, breasts, testes and penis. | Reproductive System
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| The body's defense system which appears to include portions of the cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems. | Immune System
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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