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Intro to Anatomy
Lesson 9 Medical Assisting
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of how the body is put together and how it works in health and disease | Human Biology |
| The science of the structure of the body--the appearance and relationships of the body parts. | Anatomy |
| The parts of the body that we can see with our eyes. | Gross Anatomy/ Macroscopic Anatomy |
| The parts of the body that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. | Microscopic Anatomy/ Cell Anatomy |
| The study of how the body works. It describes the function of the body and its organs, tissues, and cells. | Physiology |
| The systems of the body that we can see with our eyes. | Gross Physiology |
| Concerns cell-level physiology. | Microscopic Physiology |
| The study of human biology when the anatomy and/or the physiology is abnormal. | Pathology |
| The body is straight up with palms up and thumbs are faced out. | Anatomic Position |
| Divides the body into superior and inferior sections. | Transverse/ Horizontal Plane |
| Above | Superior |
| Below | Inferior |
| Divides body into right and left sections. | Sagittal/Longitudinal Plane |
| Divides the body into equal right and left sections. It's the midline of the body. | Midsagittal/Median Plane |
| Divides the body into unequal right and left sections. | Parasagittal Plane |
| Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. | Coronal/Frontal Plane |
| Front | Anterior |
| Back | Posterior |
| Towards the top of the head. | Cephalad |
| Towards the soles of the feet. | Caudad |
| Closer to the midsagittal plane or middle. | Medial |
| Farther away from the midsagittal plane or middle. | Lateral |
| In front of | Anterior |
| In back of | Posterior |
| On the belly side | Ventral |
| On the back side | Dorsal |
| Nearer to the center of the body or organ. | Proximal |
| Farther away from the center of the body or organ. | Distal |
| On or closer to the skin or surface of an organ. | Superficial |
| Under or farther away from the skin or surface of an organ. | Deep |
| Within or near the center. | Central |
| At or near the rim or edge. | Peripheral |
| The outer wall of a body cavity. | Parietal |
| The covering of an organ. | Visceral |
| Outside or closer to the skin or surface of an organ. | External |
| Inside or farther away from the skin or surface of an organ. | Internal |
| Situated on or affecting the same side of the body. | Ipsilateral |
| Situated on or affecting the opposite side of the body. | Contralateral |
| Carrying toward a body part or the center of an organ. | Afferent |
| Carrying away from a body part or the center of an organ. | Efferent |
| The study of the surface of the body. | Superficial Anatomy |
| Lying flat on the back. | Supine |
| Forehead | Frons |
| Eye | Orbit |
| Cheek | Bucca |
| Neck | Cervix |
| Collarbone | Clavicle |
| Armpit | Axilla |
| Chest | Thorax |
| Rib and cartilage | Costochondral Margin |
| Trunk | Abdomen |
| Navel, bellybutton | Umbilicus |
| Front pelvic bone | Pubis |
| Thigh | Femur |
| Kneecap | Patella |
| Ankle | Talus |
| Upper arm | Brachium |
| Front of elbow | Antecubital Fossa |
| Forearm | Antebrachium |
| Wrist | Carpus |
| Finger/toe | Digit |
| Side from ribs to hip bone. | Flank |
| Hip bone | Iliac crest |
| Groin | Inguen |
| Shin | Tibia |
| Elbow | Cubitus |
| Back of head | Occiput |
| Neck | Cervix |
| Shoulder blade | Scapula |
| Upper back | Dorsum |
| Lower back | Lumbus |
| Spinal bones located between the buttocks | Sacrum |
| Butttocks | Gluteus |
| Back of knee | Popliteal fossa |
| Calf | Sura |
| Heel | Calcaneus |
| Sole of foot | Plantar surface |
| Frontal | Front/o |
| Orbital | Orbit/o |
| Buccal | Bucc/o |
| Cervical | Cervic/o |
| Clavicular | Clavicul/o |
| Axillary | Axill/o |
| Thoracic | Thorac/o |
| Brachial | Brachi/o |
| Carpal | Carp/o |
| Digital | Digit/o |
| Abdominal | Abdomin/o |
| Umbilical | Umbilic/o |
| Inguinal | Inguin/o |
| Groin | Inguen |
| Pubic | Pub/o |
| Femoral | Femor/o |
| Tibial | Tibi/o |
| Patellar | Patell/o |
| Talar | Tal/o |
| Cubital | Cubit/o |
| Occipital | Occipit/o |
| Scapular | Scapul/o |
| Dorsal | Dors/o |
| Lumbar | Lumb/o |
| Sacral | Sacr/o |
| Gluteal | Glute/o |
| Sural | Sur/o |
| Calcaneal | Calcane/o |
| Ad/ | Toward |
| Af/ | Ad/ combined with F |
| Afferent | To carry toward |
| Anatomy | The science of the structure of the body |
| Antero/ | Before |
| Anterior | In front of |
| Biology | The study of living things |
| Caud/o | Cauda, tail |
| Centr/o | Center |
| Central | Relating to a center |
| Corno/o | Corona, crown |
| Coronal | Relating to the corona or crown |
| Cytology | The study of cells |
| Distal | Farther away from the center |
| Dors/o | Dorsum, back |
| Dorsal | Relating to the dorsum or back |
| /e | Noun suffix |
| Ef/ | Ex/combined with F |
| Efferent | To carry away from |
| Ex/, exo/ | Away from, without, outside |
| External | Outer, outside |
| /ferent | Bear, carry |
| Histology | The study of tissue |
| Ili/o | The ilium (hip bone) or iliac region |
| Incision | To cut open |
| Infer/o | Low, below |
| Inferior | Below |
| Internal | Within, inside |
| Later/o | Lateral |
| Lateral | Relating to or toward the side |
| /ly (adverb) | In the style of |
| Medi/o | Media |
| Medial | Toward the middle or relating to the middle |
| Midsagittal | Pertaining to the midline |
| Morphology | The study of the form of body parts |
| /on | Noun suffix |
| Parasagittal | Relating to dividing the body into unequal right and left sections |
| Pathology | The study of human biology when anatomy and/or physiology are abnormal |
| Peripheral | At or near the rim or edge |
| Pher/o | Support, bear |
| Physiologically | Relating to physiology |
| Physiologic | Normal function of the body |
| Physiology | The study of how the body works |
| Plane | Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body; transverse, sagittal, coronal |
| Posterolateral | Behind and to one side |
| Poster/o | Posterior |
| Posterior | In back of |
| Proxim/o | Proximal |
| Proximal | Near to the center |
| Sagittal | Relating to dividing the body into right and left sections |
| Scop/o | Examine |
| Inferior | Below |
| Internal | Within, inside |
| Later/o | Lateral |
| Lateral | Relating to or toward the side |
| /ly (adverb) | In the style of |
| Medi/o | Media |
| Medial | Toward the middle or relating to the middle |
| Midsagittal | Pertaining to the midline |
| Morphology | The study of the form of body parts |
| /ion | Noun suffix |
| Parasagittal | Relating to dividing the body into unequal right and left sections |
| Pathology | The study of human biology when anatomy and/or physiology are abnormal |
| Super/o | Above |
| Superior | Above, upward |
| Superomedial | Above the middle |
| Superolateral | Above and to one side |
| Transverse | Relating to dividing the body into superior and inferior sections |
| Ventr/o | Ventral |
| Ventral | Belly side |
| Abdomen | Part of trunk between thorax and pelvis |
| Antebrachium | Forearm, from elbow to wrist |
| Axilla | Armpit |
| Brachi/o | Brachium |
| Brachium | Arm, from shoulder to elbow |
| Bucc/o | Bucca |
| Bucca | Cheek |
| Calcane/o | Calcaneus |
| Calcaneus | Heel |
| Carp/o | Carpus |
| Carpus | Wrist |
| Cervix | Neck |
| Clavicle | Collarbone |
| Costal | Relating to rib |
| Costochondral | Relating to rib and cartilage |
| Cubit/o | Cubitus |
| Cubitus | Elbow |
| Deltoid | Triangular in shape |
| Digit/o | Digit |
| Digit | Finger or toe |
| Epigastric | Relating to the epigastrium, the upper middle region of the abdomen |
| Femor/o | Femur |
| Femur | Thigh |
| Flank | The side of the body from the ribs to the hip bone |
| Fossa | A hollow or depressed area |
| Frons | Forehead |
| Front/o | Frons |
| Glute/o | Gluteus |
| gluteus | Buttock |
| Hypochondriac | Relating to the upper lateral regions of the abdomen (right and left) |
| Iliac crest | Hip bone |
| Ilium | Superior portion of the hip bone |
| Inguin/o | Inguen |
| Inguen | Groin |
| LLQ | Left lower quadrant |
| Lumb/o | Lumbus |
| Lumbar | Relating to the lumbus, the back between thorax and pelvis |
| LUQ | Left upper quadrant |
| Lymphadenopathy | Disease of the lymph nodes |
| Occipit/o | Occiput |
| Occiput | Back of head |
| Orbit/o | Orbit |
| Orbit | Eye |
| Patell/o | Patella |
| Patella | Kneecap |
| Plantar surface | Sole of the foot |
| Popliteal fossa | Back of knee |
| Pretibial | Relating to in front of the tibia; the shin |
| Prone | Lying with face down |
| Pub/o | Pubis |
| Pubis | Pelvic bone margin |
| RLQ | Right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | Right upper quadrant |
| Sacr/o | Sacrum |
| Sacrum | The upper portion of the back between the buttocks |
| Scapul/o | Scapula |
| Scapula | Shoulder blade |
| Supine | Lying with face upward |
| Tal/o | Talus |
| Talus | Ankle |
| Tars/o | Tarsus |
| Tarsus | Broad flat surface; instep of foot or edge of eyelid |
| Thoracic | Relating to the chest |
| Thorax | Chest |
| Tibi/o | Tibia |
| Tibia | Shin bone |
| Umbilic/o | Umbilicus |
| Umbilicus | navel |
| Front/o | Frontal |
| Orbit/o | Orbital |
| Bucc/o | Buccal |
| Cervic/o | Cervical |
| Clavicul/o | Clavicular |
| Axill/o | Axillary |
| Thorac/o | Thoracic |
| Brachi/o | Brachial |
| Carp/o | Carpal |
| Digit/o | Digital |
| Abdomin/o | Abdominal |
| Umbilic/o | Umbilical |
| Inguin/o | Inguinal |
| Pub/o | Pubic |
| Femor/o | Femoral |
| Tibi/o | Tibial |
| Patell/o | Patellar |
| Tal/o | Talar |
| Cubit/o | Cubital |
| Occitpit/o | Occipital |
| Scapul/o | Scapular |
| Dors/o | Dorsal |
| Lumb/o | Lumbar |
| Glute/o | Gluteal |
| Sur/o | Sural |
| Calcane/o | calcaneal |
| The spaces within the body that contain the various internal organs. | Body Cavities |
| Subdivided into cranial and spinal cavities. | Dorsal Body Cavity |
| the space inside the skull that contains the brain. | Cranial Cavity |
| the cavity formed by the vertebrae, and it contains the spinal cord and the beginning of the spinal nerves. | Spinal Canal |
| the opening of the occipital bone that interconnects the cranial cavity and spinal cord. | Foramen Magnum |
| the hollow space towards the front of the body that contains the organs of the circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. | Ventral Body Cavity |
| the upper portion of the ventral cavity that contain the major organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. | Thoracic Cavity |
| a mass of tissue between the lungs extending from the sternum to the vertebral column. | Mediastinum |
| The cavity that encloses the heart. | Pericardial Cavity |
| The cavities containing the lungs. | Pleural Cavities |
| A dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. | Muscular Diaphragm |
| The hollow space within the trunk that holds the abdominal and pelvic organs. | Abdominopelvic Cavity |
| The upper portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the gallbladder, liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, kidney, pancreas and the ureters. | Abdominal Cavity |
| The lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the bladder, colon, rectum and the internal reproductive organs. | Pelvic Cavity |
| Are layers of tissues that cover organ surfaces, line body cavities and form tubes. | Membranes |
| Membranous tissue that covers internal surfaces of the body, which include cutaneous membrane, mucous membrane and serous membrane. | Epithelial Membranes |
| The outer layer of the skin. | Cutaneous Membrane |
| The surface, or outer layer of the skin, that dries to a tough, nonliving, keratinized layer of squamous cells that waterproofs the skin. | Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
| resembling scales | Squamous |
| line every tube or cavity that connects to the surface of the body; they often secrete mucus, which prevents body cavities from drying out. | Mucous Membranes (mucosa) |
| line the major body cavities that do not connect to the surface of the body; they occur in pairs. | Serous Membranes (serosa) |
| The inner layer of the serous membrane that lines the organs. | Visceral Layer |
| The layer of serous membrane that lines body cavities. | Parietal Layer |
| which lubricates the organs and reduces friction as they glide across each other and the cavity walls. | Serous Fluid (serum) |
| A serous membrane lining that protects the thoracic cavity. | Pleura |
| The serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity. | Parietal Pericardium |
| The thin, transparent serous membrane covering the heart. | Visceral Pericardium |
| A layer of serous membrane that protect the lungs and line the pleural cavities. | Parietal Pleura |
| The inner layer of serous membrane that covers the lungs. | Visceral Pleura |
| The largest serous membrane of the body which binds the abdominopelvic organs to each other and the cavity wall. | Peritoneum |
| A layer of membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. | Parietal Peritoneum |
| Covers some of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. | Visceral Peritoneum |
| Composed of a gel-like material; it usually contains different types of connective tissue elements. | Synovial Membrane |
| Each layer of the meninges, which consist of three layers of membrane that protect the cranial cavity and the spinal cord. | Meninx |
| tissues that line the cranial cavity. | Cranial Meninges |
| Membranes that line the spinal canal. | Spinal Meninges |
| The outer layer of tissues protecting the cranium and spine. | Dura Mater |
| The middle layer of tissues protecting the cranium and spine. | Arachnoid |
| The inner layer of tissues protecting the cranium and spine. | Pia Matter |
| Organs that are located outside of the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity. | Retroperitoneal Organs |
| Surgical puncture into the abdominal cavity to remove fluid. | Abdominocentesis |
| Relating to the abdominal and pelvic cavity. | Abdominopelvic |
| Relating to the skull. | Cranial |
| Skull | Cranium |
| The muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. | Diaphragm |
| Refers to dura mater, the outer membrane protecting the brain and spinal cord. | Dura |
| Opening | Foramen |
| Large opening. | Foramen Magnum |
| break or bursting through, abnormal flow. | Hemorrhage |
| Condition of underactive thyroid. | Hypothyroidism |
| lungs | Pneumon/o |
| mediastinum | Mediastin/o |
| mass of tissue between the lungs. | Mediastinum |
| meninges | Mening/o |
| The three membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord: -Dura Mater -Pia Mater -Arachnoid | Meninges |
| Organ | Organ/o |
| relating to an organ. | Organic |
| Paries, wall | Pariet/o |
| Relating to the wall of a cavity. | Parietal |
| Lower portion of the abdomen | Pelvis |
| Membrane that encloses the heart. | Pericardium |
| Peritoneum | Peritone/o |
| Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity. | Peritoneum |
| fence, wall | Phrang/o |
| Enclosure | /phragm |
| Diaphragm | Phren/o |
| Relating to the diaphragm | Phrenic |
| Pleura | Pleur/o |
| Serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity. | Pleura |
| Relating to behind the eye. | Retro-orbital |
| Relating to behind the peritoneum. | Retroperitoneal |
| Serous Membrane | Serosa |
| Clear fluid secreted from serous membranes. | Serum |
| Spina | Spin/o |
| Spine | Spina |
| The canal formed by the vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord and meninges. | Spinal Canal |
| Surgical puncture into the chest wall to remove fluid. | Thoracocentesis, Thoracentesis |
| Tone, tension | Ton/o |
| Normal degree of tension or stretch in muscle. | Tone |
| Viscus | Viscer/o |
| Any large organ in a cavity, especially the abdomen. | Viscus, Viscera |
| Covers every body surface, including the outer surface, body cavities and organs. | Epithelial Tissue |
| Connects other types of tissues, helps support the body and has its own blood supply. | Connective Tissue |
| Extends and contracts, allowing movement. | Muscle Tissue |
| transmits electrical impulses and makes up the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. | Nervous Tissue |
| The organ system containing the liver, stomach, intestines and pancreas, all aiding in the function of digestion. | Digestive/Gastrointestinal System |
| Organs with similar functions or physiology are grouped together. | Organ Systems |
| Organs with similar functions or physiology are grouped together. | Organ Systems |
| It lies in the pleura and pleural cavities, and is concerned with the breathing, such as the organs that include the lungs, trachea and the larynx. | Respiratory System |
| The organ system that transports oxygen to allow gas exchange. | Circulatory/Cardiovascular System |
| The thymus forms lymph tissue for the body's use, and lies in the mediastinum. | Lymphopoietic Organ |
| Includes the brain, spinal cord, the nerves that reach each organ in the body, and the mind. | Nervous, Neurological or Neuro-psychiatric System |
| Includes Skeletal muscles, ligaments and tendons. Only voluntary muscles are part of this system. | Muscular System |
| Includes bones, joints, cartilage and spine. | Skeletal System |
| Voluntary muscles and bones. | Musculoskeletal System |
| Includes skin, nails, hair, sweat and sebaceous glands. | Integumentary System |
| In the covering or in the skin. | Integument |
| Largest organ in the body. | Skin |
| The organ system that secretes hormones and consists of the thyroid, pituitary and adrenal glands. | Endocrine System |
| This system begins with the mouth and ends at the anus, and includes the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, mouth and esophagus. It's also called the gastrointestinal system. | Digestive System |
| This system filters the blood and produces urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. | Urinary System |
| Includes such organs as the ovaries, uterus, vagina, breasts, testes and penis. | Reproductive System |
| The body's defense system which appears to include portions of the cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems. | Immune System |
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