Study for Circulatory System test; ST
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| To transport various substances to and from body cells, protect the body against invading microorganisms, and help regulate body temp is a function of ___? | Circulatory System
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| transporting waste products to excretory glands and maintaining ___ are functions of the circulatory system. | homeostasis
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| blood cells and ___ are formed in the red bone marrow. | hemoglobin
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| lymphatic vessels and nodes carry lymph and tissue fluid, help to filter the blood, and manufacture ___ | lymphocytes
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| What part of blood ingests and digests foreign particles in blood, forms antibodies, and releases heparin? | White blood cells
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| what part of blood initiates blood clotting? | platelets
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| what is the liquid part of blood which serves as a means of removing waste from the body cells? | plasma
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| what part of blood transports CO2 and O2? | red blood cells
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| How many RBC's side by side equal 1 inch in length? | 3,000
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| RBC's don't grow after maturity because they have no ___ | nucleus
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| RBC's are concave and ___ in color | red
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| RBC's are very ___ and elastic | flexible
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| Hemoglobin is composed of iron and ___ | protein
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| RBC's are formed in red bone marrow; millions every ___ | hour
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| the life span of RBC's is ___ days | 120
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| RBC's break apart in the capillaries of the ___ and spleen | liver
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| WBC's are ___, ameboid like cells | colorless
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| WBC's include nutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and ___ | monocytes
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| the function of WBC's include release of heparin, formation of antibodies, and ___ | phagocytosis
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| neutrophils, eosinophiles, and basophils are formed in the ___ bone marrow | red
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| the life span of WBC's is ___ days | 12
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| ___ is the perentage total of RBC's to blood volume. | hematocrit
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| the hematocrit value for ___ is 42-50% | men
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| the hematocrit value for ___ is 40-48% | women
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| where are platelets formed? | red bone marrow
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| What color is unoxygenated blood carried by veins? | purple or deep red
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| what color is oxygenated blood carried by arteries? | bright red
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| blood tastes slightly ___ | salty
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| blood is composed of 45% cells and 55% ___ | plasma
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| blood contains 78% water and 22% ___ | solids
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| the amount of blood in a person varies with ___ | weight
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| blood plasma is 90% ___ | water
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| O2 and CO2 are ___ | respiratory gases
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| hormones and enzymes are ___ | regulatory substances
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| glucose, amino acids, and fats are ___ | nutrients
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| urea, uric acid, creatine, and lactic acid are ___ | metabolic wastes
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| mineral salts are ___ | electrolytes
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| protective substances in blood plasma are ___ | antibodies
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| 15% of the population is Rh ___ | negative
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| Type A blood receives from ___ | A and O
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| Type A blood donates to ___ | A and AB
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| Type O blood donates to ___ | A, B, AB, and O
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| Type O receives from ___ | O
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| Type B blood donates to ___ | B and AB
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| Type B blood receives from ___ | B and O
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| Type AB blood donates to ___ | AB
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| Type AB blood receives from ___ | A, B, AB, and O
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| When cells are injured, ___ release thromboplastin as part of the blood clotting mechanism | platelets
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| the liver releases prothrombin and ___ | fibrinogen
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| thrombin plus fibrinogen form ___, a network of fine threads which catch RBC's | fibrin
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| the network becomes a blood clot, called a ___ | thrombus
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| the heart weighs about 250-350 ___ | grams
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| the lower border of the heart lies on the diaphragm and is called the ___ | apex
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| the upper border of the heart lies below the 2nd rib and is called the ___ | base
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| the ___ goes from base to apex to divide the heart into right and left halves | septum
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| the right half of the heart contains ___ blood | venous
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| the halves of the heart are divided into upper and lower by ___, forming the 4 chambers | valves
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| the heart is composed of 3 layers, the epicardium, the myocardium, and the ___ | endocardium
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| the covering of the heart consists of 2 parts and is called the ___ | pericardium
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| the inner serous layer of the covering of the heart is called the ___ | visceral pericardium
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| the outer fibrous layer which forms the loose fitting sac in which the heart lies is the ___ | parietal pericardium
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| an excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial space is called pericardial ___ | effusion
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| the vicseral pericardium, is also the serous membrane adherent to the outside of the heart and called the ___ | epicardium
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| the lower chambers of the heart are the ___ | ventricles
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| the left atrial chamber receives ___ blood | oxygenated
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| the left ___ chamber pumps oxygenated blood to tissue | ventricular
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| the right ___ receives deoxygenated blood | atrium
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| the right ventricle pumps ___ blood to the lungs | deoxygenated
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| the atria are ___ chambers | receiving
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| the ventricles are ___ chambers | pumping
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| the heart valve named for it's 3 flaps or cusps is the ___ valve | tricuspid
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| the heart valve which lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the ___ valve is the ___ valve | mitral valve
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| the mitral valve is also called the ___ valve, named for it's 2 flaps or cusps | bicuspid
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| the tricuspid valve lies between the ___ atrium and ventricle | right
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| which has thicker walls, the ventricles or the atria? | ventricles
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| which chamber has the thickest walls? | left ventricle
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| to supply the heart, coronary arteries branch off the ___ | aorta
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| do coronary arteries cross the heart or encirle it? | encircle
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| do coronary arteries lie in the myocardium or in the fatty tissue surrounding the heart? | fatty tissue
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| what exactly do the coronary arteries supply with blood? | myocardium
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| coronary veins return the blood used by the cardial tissue directly to the right ___ | atrium
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| how many sets of motor nerve fibers is the heart supplied with? | 2
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| one set of nerves reach the heart thru the ___ nerve and craniosacral system, and helps to slow/stop the heartbeat | vagus
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| one set of nerves reach the heart thru the spinal cord and ___ system and helps to augment or quicken the heartrate | thoracolumbar
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| both sets of nerves are connected with the cardiac center found in the ___ | medulla oblongata
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| arteries are composed of ___ layers | 3
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| arteries carry oxygenated blood ___ from the heart beginning at the aorta | away
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| arteries break up into ___ and capillaries | arterioles
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| the large trunk artery is the ___ | aorta
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| veins are composed of 3 coats, and are often provided with ___ to prevent backflow | valves
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| small veins are called ___ | venules
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| the 2 large trunk veins are the superior and inferior ___ | vena cava
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| 2 sets of veins are found in most body parts; superficial veins close to the skin, and deep veins which usually accompany an ___ | artery
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| ___ connect arterioles and venules | capillaries
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| capillaries transport nutrients and waste to and from cells by ___ | osmosis
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| 1 square inch of muscle has ___ capillaries | 1 1/2 million
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| the circulation of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium is called ___ circulation | pulmonary
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| the circulation of blood from the left venticle to the body and back to the right atrium is ___ circulation | systemic
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