A & P Chapter 2 Part B - Organic
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| What element are present in carbohydrates? | Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen
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| Carbohydrates incluse what? | Sugars, glycogen, starches, cellulose
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| What are the three majior groups that carbohydrates are divided into? | 1 - Monosaccharides; 2 - Disaccharides; 3 - Polysaccharides
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| What is another term for monosaccharides & Disaccharides? | Simple sugars
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| What is another term for polysaccharides? | complex carbohydrates
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| How is a disaccharide formed? | Two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond, a molecule of water is formed & removed
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| What is the reaction called when a water is formed and removed? | Dehydration synthesis
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| What is the main polysaccharide in the body? | glycogen
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| What glycogan made of? | Glucose units joined together in braching chains
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| Where is glycogen stored? | In the liver and skeletal muscles
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| What happens to glycogen when energy demands are high? | It is broken down into glucose
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| Describe starches - | They are polysaccharides made of glucose units made by plants
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| Where does cellulose come from? | It is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls (Human canot digest it; it is roughage or fiber for digestion)
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| What is a difference between simple sugars(monoaccharides) and polysaccharides? | Polysaccharides are not soluble in water and do not taste sweet
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| Define hydrophobic - | Insoluble in water
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| Name the different lipid families - | Triglycerides (fats & oils); Phospholipids (lipids that contain phosphorus); steroids (Hormon based from cholesterol); Fatty acids; & fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamin A, D, E, & K)
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| Describe triglycerides - | Body's most highly concentrated form of chemical energy
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| Where are triglycerides stored? | In the adipose tissue
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| What forms the backbone of a triglyceride? | A three-carbon glycerol molecule
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| Define saturated fat - | Mainly triglycerides, they contain only single convalent bonds between fatty acid caron atoms and are saturated with hydrogen
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| Define monounsaturated fats - | Contains fatty acids with one double covalent bond between 2 fatty acid carbon atoms and are not completed saturated in hydrogen atoms
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| Define polyunsaturated fats - | Contain more than one double covalent bond between fatty acid carbon atoms
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| Define essential fatty acids (EFAs) - | Fatty acids that are essential to human health, but are not made by the human body. (Must be gotten from food)
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| What is the structure of steroids? | Four rings of carbon atoms
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| Define amino acids - | Building blocks of proteins
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| Define peptide bonds - | covalent bonds that join amino acids together
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| Define catalysts - | Enzymes that can speed up chemical reactions without themselves being altered
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| What are the two kinds of nucleic acids? | DNA & RNA
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| What are the four bases of DNA? | Adenine (A); Thymine (T); Cytosine (C); Guanine (G)
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| The DNA rung, adenine always pairs with what? | Thymine
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| The DNA rung, cytosine always pairs with what? | Guanine
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