respiratory system
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| adenoids | lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
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| alveolus | air sac in the lung
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| apex of the lung | tip or uppermost portion of the lung
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| base of the lung | lower portion of the lung
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| bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi
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| bronchus | branch of the trachea that is a passage way into the lung
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| carbon dioxide | gas produced by body cells when o2 and carbon atoms from food combine
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| cilia | thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
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| diaphragm | muscle separating the chest and abdomen
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| epiglottis | lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx
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| expiration | breathing out (exhalation)
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| glottis | slit-like opening to the larynx
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| hilum of the lung | midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
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| inspiration | breathing in (inhalation)
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| larynx | voice box
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| lobe | division of a lung
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| mediastinum | region between the lungs in the chest cavity
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| nares | openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
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| oxygen | gas that makes up 21 percent of the air
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| palatine tonsil | one of a a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
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| paranasal sunus | one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
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| parietal pluera | outer layer of the pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
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| pharynx | throat
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| pleura | double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
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| pleural cavity | space between the folds of the pluera
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| pulmonary parenchyma | essential parts of the lung
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| respiration | process of moving air into and out of the lungs
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| trachea | windpipe
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| visceral pleura | inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
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| adenoid/o | adenoids
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| alveol/o | alveolus, air sac
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| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole, small bronchus
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| capn.o | carbon dioxide
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| coni/o | dust
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| cyan/o | blue
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis
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| laryng/o | larynx, voice box
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| lob/o | lobe of the lung
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| mediastin/o | mediastinum
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| nas/o | nose
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| orth/o | straight, upright
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| pector/o | chest
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| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat
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| phon/o | voice
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| phren/o | diaphragm
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| pleur/o | pleura
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| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung
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| pulomon/o | lung
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| rhin/o | nose
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| sinus/o | sinus, cavity
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| spir/o | breathing
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| tel/o | complete
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| thorac/o | chest
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
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| trache/o | trachea, windpipe
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| -ema | condition
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| -osmia | smell
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| -pnea | breathing
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| -ptysis | spitting
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| -sphyxia | pulse
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| -thorax | pleural cavity, chest
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| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body
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| percussion | tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure
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| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
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| rales (crackles) | fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
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| rhonchi (rhonchus) | loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of the bronchi obstructed by sputum
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| sputum | material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract caused by spitting
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| stridor | strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
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| wheezes | continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
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| croup | acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor
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| diphtheria | acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| pertussis | whooping cough
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| asthma | chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection
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| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time
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| cystic fibrosis (CF) | inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
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| atelectasis | collapsed lung
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| emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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| lung cancer | malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
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| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs
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| pneumonia | acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
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| pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
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| pulmonary edema | fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
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| pulmonary embolism (PE) | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
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| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
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| sarcoidosis | chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
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| tuberculosis (TB) | infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
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| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
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| pleurisy (pleuritis) | inflammation of the pleura
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| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space
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| anthracnosis | coal dust accumulates in the lungs
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| asbestosis | asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs
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| bacilli (bacillus) | rod-shaped bacteria
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through the bronchial tubes and lungs
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| cor pulmonale | failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease
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| exudates | fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation
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| hydrothorax | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
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| infiltrate | collection of fluid or other material within the lung
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| palliative | relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease
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| paroxysmal | pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure
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| pulmonary infarction | area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)
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| purulent | containing pus
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| silicosis | disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs
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| chest x-ray (CXR) | radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film)
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| computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest | computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest | magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional planes
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| positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung | radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs
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| ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan | detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas (xenom)
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| bronchoscopy | fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
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| endotracheal intubation | placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
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| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the voice box
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| lung biopsy | removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
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| mediastinoscopy | endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
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| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs
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| thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
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| thoracotomy | large surgical incision of the chest
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| thoracoscopy (thoracoscopy) | visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
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| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
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| tuberculin test | determines past of present tuberculosis infection based on a positive skin reaction
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| tube thoracostomy | a flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest
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