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ch. 12 med term
respiratory system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adenoids | lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx |
| alveolus | air sac in the lung |
| apex of the lung | tip or uppermost portion of the lung |
| base of the lung | lower portion of the lung |
| bronchioles | smallest branches of the bronchi |
| bronchus | branch of the trachea that is a passage way into the lung |
| carbon dioxide | gas produced by body cells when o2 and carbon atoms from food combine |
| cilia | thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract |
| diaphragm | muscle separating the chest and abdomen |
| epiglottis | lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx |
| expiration | breathing out (exhalation) |
| glottis | slit-like opening to the larynx |
| hilum of the lung | midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs |
| inspiration | breathing in (inhalation) |
| larynx | voice box |
| lobe | division of a lung |
| mediastinum | region between the lungs in the chest cavity |
| nares | openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities |
| oxygen | gas that makes up 21 percent of the air |
| palatine tonsil | one of a a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx |
| paranasal sunus | one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose |
| parietal pluera | outer layer of the pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall |
| pharynx | throat |
| pleura | double-layered membrane surrounding each lung |
| pleural cavity | space between the folds of the pluera |
| pulmonary parenchyma | essential parts of the lung |
| respiration | process of moving air into and out of the lungs |
| trachea | windpipe |
| visceral pleura | inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue |
| adenoid/o | adenoids |
| alveol/o | alveolus, air sac |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole, small bronchus |
| capn.o | carbon dioxide |
| coni/o | dust |
| cyan/o | blue |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| laryng/o | larynx, voice box |
| lob/o | lobe of the lung |
| mediastin/o | mediastinum |
| nas/o | nose |
| orth/o | straight, upright |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pector/o | chest |
| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
| phon/o | voice |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung |
| pulomon/o | lung |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sinus/o | sinus, cavity |
| spir/o | breathing |
| tel/o | complete |
| thorac/o | chest |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| -ema | condition |
| -osmia | smell |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -sphyxia | pulse |
| -thorax | pleural cavity, chest |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body |
| percussion | tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure |
| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other |
| rales (crackles) | fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli |
| rhonchi (rhonchus) | loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of the bronchi obstructed by sputum |
| sputum | material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract caused by spitting |
| stridor | strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx |
| wheezes | continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing |
| croup | acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor |
| diphtheria | acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| pertussis | whooping cough |
| asthma | chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection |
| chronic bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally |
| atelectasis | collapsed lung |
| emphysema | hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| lung cancer | malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi |
| pneumoconiosis | abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs |
| pneumonia | acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
| pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung |
| pulmonary fibrosis | formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs |
| sarcoidosis | chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs |
| tuberculosis (TB) | infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| mesothelioma | rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura |
| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space |
| pleurisy (pleuritis) | inflammation of the pleura |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural space |
| anthracnosis | coal dust accumulates in the lungs |
| asbestosis | asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs |
| bacilli (bacillus) | rod-shaped bacteria |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through the bronchial tubes and lungs |
| cor pulmonale | failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease |
| exudates | fluid, cells, and other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or areas of inflammation |
| hydrothorax | collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| infiltrate | collection of fluid or other material within the lung |
| palliative | relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease |
| paroxysmal | pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure |
| pulmonary infarction | area of necrosis (death of lung tissue) |
| purulent | containing pus |
| silicosis | disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs |
| chest x-ray (CXR) | radiographic image of the thoracic cavity (chest film) |
| computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest | computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest | magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional planes |
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung | radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs |
| ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan | detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas (xenom) |
| bronchoscopy | fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes |
| endotracheal intubation | placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway |
| laryngoscopy | visual examination of the voice box |
| lung biopsy | removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination |
| mediastinoscopy | endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum |
| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space |
| thoracotomy | large surgical incision of the chest |
| thoracoscopy (thoracoscopy) | visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope |
| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck |
| tuberculin test | determines past of present tuberculosis infection based on a positive skin reaction |
| tube thoracostomy | a flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest |
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