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Terms from Genetic Material Unit of NW 04-350

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Term
Definition
show one of the major classes of biomolecules   composed of chains of amino acids  
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nucleic acid   one of the major classes of biomolecules   show
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show monomeric subunit of nucleic acids   composed of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and at least one phosphate group  
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show composed of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base    
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enzyme   show  
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radiolabelling   growing an organism in the presence of a radioactive isotope, which results in the incorporation of that isotope into the molecules of the organism   show
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pellet   show  
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supernatant   show  
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show one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of two rings   includes adenine and guanine  
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pyrimidine   one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of one ring structure   show
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ribose   show  
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deoxyribose   show  
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show a chemically modified version of cytosine that has an additional methyl (CH3) group added. This modification alters its ability to form hydrogen bonds and pair with other bases.    
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chemically modified bases   show  
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show dAMP, a nucleotide containing deoxyribose, adenine attached to 1', and a single phosphate attached to 5'    
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show ADP, a nucleotide composed of ribose sugar, with adenine attached to 1' and two phosphates attached to 5'    
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show deoxy nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides, all of which are composed of deoxyribose sugar, with three phosphates attached to 5'. However, any of the nitrogenous bases (ATCG) could be attached to 1'.   These are the monomeric subunits used to build a DNA strand  
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show nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides with three phosphates attached to 5' of ribose sugar. Any base could be attached to 1' (AUCG)   These are the monomer subunits used to build an RNA strand.  
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Chargaff's Rules   show  
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antiparallel   show  
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show covalent bond that links nucleotides into a chain. Extends from 3' carbon to 5' carbon of next nucleotide in the chain.    
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peptide bond   show  
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complementary base pairng   when hydrogen bonds develop between nitrogenous bases. Responsible for Chargaff's rules   show
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show the three dimensional structure of double stranded nucleic acid when the two strands rotate around each other to form a spiral staircase    
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major groove   a large spatial gap between the two sugar phosphate backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid.   show
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show a small spatial gap between the two sugar phospahte backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid helix.   the gap is not large enough to allow access to bases in the center of the DNA molecule. so it is not used for base sequence specific binding of proteins.  
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show pyrimidine typically found in RNA but not DNA unless another base as been chemically altered.    
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internal base pairing   the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the same strand of nucleic acid   show
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hair pin   one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing   show
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stem loop   one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing. a lollipop like structure in the RNA   show
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supercoil   show  
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show supercoiled non relaxed circular chromosome of prokaryotic organism, floating in the cytoplasm of the cell    
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chromosome   long strand of DNA double helix that may contain many genes. First identified as a "colored body" that appears in prophase of mitosis   show
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chromatin   show  
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chromatin structure   show  
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euchromatin   show  
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heterochromatin   show Found near the centromere and ends of the chromosome.  
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show group of positively charged proteins that bind to DNA. Involved in forming nucleosomes and other chromatin structure.    
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nucleosome   histone core with double stranded DNA wrapped around it, held in place by histone H1. Most fundamental unit of chromatin structure   show
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30 nm fiber   show  
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show proteins which the 30 nm fiber attach to, forming a lamp brush chromosome.    
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lamp brush chromosome   loops of 30 nm fibers coming off a core of scaffold protein. The typical chromatin structure during the majority of the life of the cell   show
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compacted replicated chromosome   the form of the chromosome in its typical X shaped structure that is visible during prophase of nuclear division and later stages   show
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centromere   a sequence within a chromosome that serves as a binding point that allows replicated sister chromatids to remain connected until anaphase of nuclear division.   show
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show the ends of a linear chromosome composed of the same repeated telomere sequence that does not code for any RNA or protein.    
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intergenic space   show  
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gene   a unit of information found on a chromosome.   show
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Created by: jthorns
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