Terms from Genetic Material Unit of NW 04-350
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| protein | show | composed of chains of amino acids
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| nucleic acid | one of the major classes of biomolecules | show 🗑
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| nucleotide | show | composed of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and at least one phosphate group
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| nucleoside | show |
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| enzyme | a protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction | show 🗑
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| radiolabelling | show |
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| show | a collection of cells or other solid material at the bottom of a tube after centrifugation |
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| supernatant | show |
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| show | one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of two rings | includes adenine and guanine
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| pyrimidine | show | includes thymine, cytosine, and uracil
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| show | one of the pentose sugars found in nucleic acids, with an OH at 2' |
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| show | one of the pentose sugars found in nucleic acids, without an OH at 2' |
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| show | a chemically modified version of cytosine that has an additional methyl (CH3) group added. This modification alters its ability to form hydrogen bonds and pair with other bases. |
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| chemically modified bases | nitrogenous bases that have had functional groups added or removed that alter their base pairing properties. | show 🗑
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| show | dAMP, a nucleotide containing deoxyribose, adenine attached to 1', and a single phosphate attached to 5' |
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| adenosine diphosphate | show |
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| show | deoxy nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides, all of which are composed of deoxyribose sugar, with three phosphates attached to 5'. However, any of the nitrogenous bases (ATCG) could be attached to 1'. | These are the monomeric subunits used to build a DNA strand
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| NTP | nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides with three phosphates attached to 5' of ribose sugar. Any base could be attached to 1' (AUCG) | show 🗑
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| Chargaff's Rules | relationship that applies to double stranded nucleic acids. Concentration of purines = concentration of pyrimidines because of complementary base pairing. A=T, C=G | show 🗑
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| antiparallel | when two strands of nucleic acid are oriented opposite to each other, 5' end of one opposite the 3' end of the other | show 🗑
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| phosphodiester bond | covalent bond that links nucleotides into a chain. Extends from 3' carbon to 5' carbon of next nucleotide in the chain. | show 🗑
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| peptide bond | covalent bond that links amino acids into a chain forming a polypeptide. Extends from carboxy end of first amino acid to amino end of the second. | show 🗑
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| show | when hydrogen bonds develop between nitrogenous bases. Responsible for Chargaff's rules | in a double stranded nucleic acid, this pairing links the two strands together.
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| helix | show |
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| major groove | show | provides a binding point for proteins on the surface of a double stranded DNA that targets specific sequences of bases that are accessible through this gap.
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| minor groove | a small spatial gap between the two sugar phospahte backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid helix. | show 🗑
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| uracil | pyrimidine typically found in RNA but not DNA unless another base as been chemically altered. | show 🗑
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| show | the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the same strand of nucleic acid | responsible for the formation of complex shapes in single stranded RNA molecules
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| show | one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing |
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| stem loop | show |
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| show | a double helix (as of DNA) that has undergone additional twisting in the same direction as or in the opposite direction from the turns in the original helix |
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| nucleoid | show |
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| chromosome | show | may be many linear units in eukaryotes or a single circular unit in prokaryotes
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| chromatin | show |
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| chromatin structure | show |
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| euchromatin | show |
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| heterochromatin | Highly organized and compacted chromatin. Associated with areas of the chromsome not actively expressed. | show 🗑
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| histone | group of positively charged proteins that bind to DNA. Involved in forming nucleosomes and other chromatin structure. | show 🗑
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| nucleosome | show | an individual bead on the string
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| 30 nm fiber | formed when multiple nucleosomes aggregate together to form a higher level of chromatin organization. | show 🗑
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| show | proteins which the 30 nm fiber attach to, forming a lamp brush chromosome. |
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| show | loops of 30 nm fibers coming off a core of scaffold protein. The typical chromatin structure during the majority of the life of the cell |
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| show | the form of the chromosome in its typical X shaped structure that is visible during prophase of nuclear division and later stages | a fully compacted chromosome in its most heterochromatic state
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| show | a sequence within a chromosome that serves as a binding point that allows replicated sister chromatids to remain connected until anaphase of nuclear division. |
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| show | the ends of a linear chromosome composed of the same repeated telomere sequence that does not code for any RNA or protein. |
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| show | sequence of DNA on the chromosome in between individual genes |
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| gene | show | at the least it serves as a transcriptional unit, used to produce RNA
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