Terms from Genetic Material Unit of NW 04-350
Help!
|
|
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| protein | one of the major classes of biomolecules | composed of chains of amino acids
🗑
|
||||||
| nucleic acid | one of the major classes of biomolecules | composed of chains of nucleotides
🗑
|
||||||
| nucleotide | monomeric subunit of nucleic acids | composed of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and at least one phosphate group
🗑
|
||||||
| nucleoside | composed of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base |
🗑
|
||||||
| enzyme | a protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction |
🗑
|
||||||
| radiolabelling | growing an organism in the presence of a radioactive isotope, which results in the incorporation of that isotope into the molecules of the organism |
🗑
|
||||||
| pellet | a collection of cells or other solid material at the bottom of a tube after centrifugation |
🗑
|
||||||
| supernatant | the liquid above the pellet after centrifugation |
🗑
|
||||||
| purine | one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of two rings | includes adenine and guanine
🗑
|
||||||
| pyrimidine | one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of one ring structure | includes thymine, cytosine, and uracil
🗑
|
||||||
| ribose | one of the pentose sugars found in nucleic acids, with an OH at 2' |
🗑
|
||||||
| deoxyribose | one of the pentose sugars found in nucleic acids, without an OH at 2' |
🗑
|
||||||
| methyl cytosine | a chemically modified version of cytosine that has an additional methyl (CH3) group added. This modification alters its ability to form hydrogen bonds and pair with other bases. |
🗑
|
||||||
| chemically modified bases | nitrogenous bases that have had functional groups added or removed that alter their base pairing properties. |
🗑
|
||||||
| deoxy adenosine monophosphate | dAMP, a nucleotide containing deoxyribose, adenine attached to 1', and a single phosphate attached to 5' |
🗑
|
||||||
| adenosine diphosphate | ADP, a nucleotide composed of ribose sugar, with adenine attached to 1' and two phosphates attached to 5' |
🗑
|
||||||
| dNTP | deoxy nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides, all of which are composed of deoxyribose sugar, with three phosphates attached to 5'. However, any of the nitrogenous bases (ATCG) could be attached to 1'. | These are the monomeric subunits used to build a DNA strand
🗑
|
||||||
| NTP | nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides with three phosphates attached to 5' of ribose sugar. Any base could be attached to 1' (AUCG) | These are the monomer subunits used to build an RNA strand.
🗑
|
||||||
| Chargaff's Rules | relationship that applies to double stranded nucleic acids. Concentration of purines = concentration of pyrimidines because of complementary base pairing. A=T, C=G |
🗑
|
||||||
| antiparallel | when two strands of nucleic acid are oriented opposite to each other, 5' end of one opposite the 3' end of the other |
🗑
|
||||||
| phosphodiester bond | covalent bond that links nucleotides into a chain. Extends from 3' carbon to 5' carbon of next nucleotide in the chain. |
🗑
|
||||||
| peptide bond | covalent bond that links amino acids into a chain forming a polypeptide. Extends from carboxy end of first amino acid to amino end of the second. |
🗑
|
||||||
| complementary base pairng | when hydrogen bonds develop between nitrogenous bases. Responsible for Chargaff's rules | in a double stranded nucleic acid, this pairing links the two strands together.
🗑
|
||||||
| helix | the three dimensional structure of double stranded nucleic acid when the two strands rotate around each other to form a spiral staircase |
🗑
|
||||||
| major groove | a large spatial gap between the two sugar phosphate backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid. | provides a binding point for proteins on the surface of a double stranded DNA that targets specific sequences of bases that are accessible through this gap.
🗑
|
||||||
| minor groove | a small spatial gap between the two sugar phospahte backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid helix. | the gap is not large enough to allow access to bases in the center of the DNA molecule. so it is not used for base sequence specific binding of proteins.
🗑
|
||||||
| uracil | pyrimidine typically found in RNA but not DNA unless another base as been chemically altered. |
🗑
|
||||||
| internal base pairing | the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the same strand of nucleic acid | responsible for the formation of complex shapes in single stranded RNA molecules
🗑
|
||||||
| hair pin | one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing |
🗑
|
||||||
| stem loop | one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing. a lollipop like structure in the RNA |
🗑
|
||||||
| supercoil | a double helix (as of DNA) that has undergone additional twisting in the same direction as or in the opposite direction from the turns in the original helix |
🗑
|
||||||
| nucleoid | supercoiled non relaxed circular chromosome of prokaryotic organism, floating in the cytoplasm of the cell |
🗑
|
||||||
| chromosome | long strand of DNA double helix that may contain many genes. First identified as a "colored body" that appears in prophase of mitosis | may be many linear units in eukaryotes or a single circular unit in prokaryotes
🗑
|
||||||
| chromatin | a composite of DNA and protein that makes up a chromosome |
🗑
|
||||||
| chromatin structure | the organization and compaction of chromatin. Capable of change depending on how tightly the proteins are attached to the DNA and how much compaction has occurred. |
🗑
|
||||||
| euchromatin | Less organized and compacted chromatin. Associated with areas of the chromosome actively expressed |
🗑
|
||||||
| heterochromatin | Highly organized and compacted chromatin. Associated with areas of the chromsome not actively expressed. | Found near the centromere and ends of the chromosome.
🗑
|
||||||
| histone | group of positively charged proteins that bind to DNA. Involved in forming nucleosomes and other chromatin structure. |
🗑
|
||||||
| nucleosome | histone core with double stranded DNA wrapped around it, held in place by histone H1. Most fundamental unit of chromatin structure | an individual bead on the string
🗑
|
||||||
| 30 nm fiber | formed when multiple nucleosomes aggregate together to form a higher level of chromatin organization. |
🗑
|
||||||
| scaffold proteins | proteins which the 30 nm fiber attach to, forming a lamp brush chromosome. |
🗑
|
||||||
| lamp brush chromosome | loops of 30 nm fibers coming off a core of scaffold protein. The typical chromatin structure during the majority of the life of the cell |
🗑
|
||||||
| compacted replicated chromosome | the form of the chromosome in its typical X shaped structure that is visible during prophase of nuclear division and later stages | a fully compacted chromosome in its most heterochromatic state
🗑
|
||||||
| centromere | a sequence within a chromosome that serves as a binding point that allows replicated sister chromatids to remain connected until anaphase of nuclear division. |
🗑
|
||||||
| telomere | the ends of a linear chromosome composed of the same repeated telomere sequence that does not code for any RNA or protein. |
🗑
|
||||||
| intergenic space | sequence of DNA on the chromosome in between individual genes |
🗑
|
||||||
| gene | a unit of information found on a chromosome. | at the least it serves as a transcriptional unit, used to produce RNA
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jthorns
Popular Genetics sets