Terms from Genetic Material Unit of NW 04-350
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show | one of the major classes of biomolecules | composed of chains of amino acids
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nucleic acid | one of the major classes of biomolecules | show 🗑
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show | monomeric subunit of nucleic acids | composed of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and at least one phosphate group
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show | composed of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base |
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enzyme | show |
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radiolabelling | growing an organism in the presence of a radioactive isotope, which results in the incorporation of that isotope into the molecules of the organism | show 🗑
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pellet | show |
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supernatant | show |
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show | one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of two rings | includes adenine and guanine
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pyrimidine | one of the classes of nitrogenous bases, composed of one ring structure | show 🗑
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ribose | show |
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deoxyribose | show |
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show | a chemically modified version of cytosine that has an additional methyl (CH3) group added. This modification alters its ability to form hydrogen bonds and pair with other bases. |
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chemically modified bases | show |
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show | dAMP, a nucleotide containing deoxyribose, adenine attached to 1', and a single phosphate attached to 5' |
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show | ADP, a nucleotide composed of ribose sugar, with adenine attached to 1' and two phosphates attached to 5' |
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show | deoxy nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides, all of which are composed of deoxyribose sugar, with three phosphates attached to 5'. However, any of the nitrogenous bases (ATCG) could be attached to 1'. | These are the monomeric subunits used to build a DNA strand
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show | nucleoside tri phosphate, a generic collection of nucleotides with three phosphates attached to 5' of ribose sugar. Any base could be attached to 1' (AUCG) | These are the monomer subunits used to build an RNA strand.
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Chargaff's Rules | show |
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antiparallel | show |
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show | covalent bond that links nucleotides into a chain. Extends from 3' carbon to 5' carbon of next nucleotide in the chain. |
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peptide bond | show |
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complementary base pairng | when hydrogen bonds develop between nitrogenous bases. Responsible for Chargaff's rules | show 🗑
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show | the three dimensional structure of double stranded nucleic acid when the two strands rotate around each other to form a spiral staircase |
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major groove | a large spatial gap between the two sugar phosphate backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid. | show 🗑
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show | a small spatial gap between the two sugar phospahte backbones of a double stranded nucleic acid helix. | the gap is not large enough to allow access to bases in the center of the DNA molecule. so it is not used for base sequence specific binding of proteins.
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show | pyrimidine typically found in RNA but not DNA unless another base as been chemically altered. |
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internal base pairing | the formation of hydrogen bonds between complementary bases in the same strand of nucleic acid | show 🗑
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hair pin | one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing | show 🗑
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stem loop | one type of secondary structure created by internal base pairing. a lollipop like structure in the RNA | show 🗑
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supercoil | show |
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show | supercoiled non relaxed circular chromosome of prokaryotic organism, floating in the cytoplasm of the cell |
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chromosome | long strand of DNA double helix that may contain many genes. First identified as a "colored body" that appears in prophase of mitosis | show 🗑
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chromatin | show |
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chromatin structure | show |
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euchromatin | show |
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heterochromatin | show | Found near the centromere and ends of the chromosome.
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show | group of positively charged proteins that bind to DNA. Involved in forming nucleosomes and other chromatin structure. |
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nucleosome | histone core with double stranded DNA wrapped around it, held in place by histone H1. Most fundamental unit of chromatin structure | show 🗑
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30 nm fiber | show |
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show | proteins which the 30 nm fiber attach to, forming a lamp brush chromosome. |
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lamp brush chromosome | loops of 30 nm fibers coming off a core of scaffold protein. The typical chromatin structure during the majority of the life of the cell | show 🗑
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compacted replicated chromosome | the form of the chromosome in its typical X shaped structure that is visible during prophase of nuclear division and later stages | show 🗑
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centromere | a sequence within a chromosome that serves as a binding point that allows replicated sister chromatids to remain connected until anaphase of nuclear division. | show 🗑
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show | the ends of a linear chromosome composed of the same repeated telomere sequence that does not code for any RNA or protein. |
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intergenic space | show |
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gene | a unit of information found on a chromosome. | show 🗑
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