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WVSOM - Genetics
WVSOM -- Nucleic Acid Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basic Dogma | DNA -> RNA -> Protein |
| Molecular Biology | elucidation of biological principles with the use of nucleic acids |
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleotides polymerized by phosphodiester bonds |
| DNA | double stranded polymers of deoxyribonucleotides |
| RNA | single stranded polymers of unmodified nucleotides |
| Chromosome | single molecule of DNA, often millions of base pairs long. Encode most of a cell's genes |
| gene | entire DNA sequence controlling a specific trait, usually by encoding a polypeptide or functional RNA |
| Ribose | 5 carbon sugar that constitutes the central moiety of mucleotides |
| Ribose carbons important for polymerization | 3' and 5' |
| Bases | side groups of nucleotides attached to teh 1' carbon of ribose |
| 5 bases | cytosine urasil thymine guanine adenine |
| Pyridimine | base with one ring cytosine, uracil or thymine |
| purine | nucleotide with a base with 2 rings adenine or quanine |
| nucleoside | base attached to 1' carbon of ribose without a phosphorylated 5' end |
| nucleotide | nucleic acid subunit consisting of ribose with a 5' phoshporylated carbon, and base bound to th 1' carbon |
| Deoxynucleotide | modified nucleotide that lacks the 2' hydroxyl group of its ribose moiety Used to produce DNA |
| Subunits of nucleic acids are produced by linking them together with ______________ bonds. | phosphodiester |
| What carbons are bonded betweens the nucleic acids | 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide |
| Subunits of nucleic acids are produced by linking them together with ______________ bonds. | phosphodiester |
| What carbons are bonded betweens the nucleic acids | 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide |
| What direction does nucleotide polymerization occur? | 5' -> 3' |
| Distinctions between RNA and DNA | 1) DNA lacks 2' Hydroxyls 2) DNA has Thymidine, RNA uses Uridine 3) DNA is much larger than RNA 4) DNA forms double helices 5) DNA is methylated |
| DNA length | millions of base pairs long |
| RNA length | ~50 - 40000 nucleotides long |
| Why is DNA methylated? | so that RNAase does not recognize it and degrade it |
| Annealing or reannealing | to allow denatured DNA strands to reform double helices done by heading solution and cooling SLOWLY |
| Base pairs in double helix are held together by | hydrogen bonds |
| Complimentary | two strands to have matching, mirror image sequences, so tha every A of one strand is paired with a T of the otehr. |
| Antiparallel | the two strands of teh double helix are in opposit, 5' - 3' orientation |
| denaturing, deannealing or melting DNA | for double helices to dissociate into single strands due to adverse conditions such as elevated temperature |
| Hybridizaiont | 2 strands from different sources to anneal |
| Antisense RNA | RNA with a sequence complimentary to a DAN or RNA. Antisense RNA will form a double helix |
| Charge of DNA and RNA | Negatively charged acids |
| Major groove | wide space in the ribbon model |
| Minor groove | narrow span |
| Alternate conformations of DNA | B DNA A DNA Z DNA Triple-helical DNA |
| B DNA | normal double helix |
| A DNA | more compact than B DNA with more tilt to the base pairs |
| Z DNA | left handed double helix, characteristic of regions. may be involved in repression |
| Triple Helical DNA | forms between two polypyrimidine and one polypurine strands. totally test tube |
Created by:
tjamrose
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