Help
Options
Question
replication
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Transcription
Remaining cards (45)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
WVSOM -- Genetics
WVSOM -- DNA Replication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| replication | DNA Synthesis |
| Transcription | RNA synthesis |
| Translation | protein synthesis |
| When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? | S phase |
| Requirements for DNA replication | DNA Polymerase Mg +2 Template dNTP Primer |
| Direction of DNA replication | 5' to 3' |
| Complimentary characteristic of DNA replication | for each A of the template strand, a T is added to teh new strand, and for each G a C is added |
| DNA Polymerase | enzymes that replicate DNA by catalyzing nucleotide polymerization |
| DNA Replication Proofreading | 3'-5' exonuclease activity excises mixmatches |
| Magnesium | it is a cofactor required for replication |
| De Nova Strand | New DNA strand |
| Primer | free 3' OH on a previously existing strand A strand with a 3' OH is often reffered to as a primer |
| Bidirectional | replication in both directions from central origins of replication |
| discontinuous | lagging strand replicated in short stretches Okazaki fragments |
| Proofreading | 3' to 5' exonuclease activity that double checks for mistakes |
| dNTPs | Deoxyribonucleotides Building blocks of DNA All four are required for replication |
| complimentary | Every A is paired with a T and every G with a C Matching, mirror image sequences are called complimentary sequences |
| How many charges do A and T have? | Two specific charges |
| How many charges do G and C have? | Three |
| Semiconservative | One strand of a daughter chromosome is newly synthesized, the other template strand is inherited intact from teh parental chromosome |
| Overview of DNA Replication | Initiation Extension |
| What is the ori? | Origins of replication sequences where DNA replication begins. |
| What is a replicon? | Region of a eukaryotic chromosome that is replicated as a unit, from one central ori. |
| Where does replication begin? | At teh ori in teh center of a replicon and extends. |
| How does replication move from the replicon? | Extends in both directions until it reaches the end of an adjacent replicon |
| What is a helicase | An enzyme that unwinds DNA One of the first factors to bind to an ori |
| What are single stranded Binding Proteins? | SSB Factors that stabilize single stranded DNA by preventing it from winding back into a double helix. |
| What is a DNA Replication Apparatus? | a cluster of factors that assemble around helicase to replicate DNA. |
| What are the most important factors of DNA replication apparatus? | helicase DNA Polymerase Pol alpha Beta clamp primase |
| Beta clamp | Ring like protein that wraps aroudn DNA to stabilize the association of teh replication apparatus Required for Pol processivity Allows for greater extension |
| Leading Strand Replication | One strand is continuously synthesized in teh normal 5' - 3' direction |
| DNA Polymerase | enzyme that replicates the leading strand. It reads the template one base at a time incorporating complementary nucleotides, ligating their 5' phosphate to the 3' OH of the growing leading strand |
| Pol | DNA Polymerase |
| Discontinuous Replication of the Lagging Strand | Other strand is replicated discontinuously with okazaki fragments because the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is in the opposite direction |
| Primase | enzyme binds the unwound lagging strand template and transcribes a short stretch of RNA. Is a primer, providing 3' OH group required by Pol alpha |
| DNA polymerase alpha | Pol alpha This enzyme uses the RNA primer to synthesize an okazaki fragment |
| How many Okazaki fragments does Pol alpha synthesize? | one |
| How long does Pol alpha replicate the okazaki fragment? | until it reaches the primer at the end of the previous fragment. |
| What happens to the primase when the lagging strand is released? | Primase makes the next primer at th eend of the new single stranded region and the process is repeated |
| What is a consequence of unwinding by helicase? | Supercoiling increases |
| What do Topoisomerase do? | restores the DNA to the proper level of supercoiling |
| How is RNA primers removed from the lagging strand? | RNAse DNA polymerase beta DNA Ligase |
| RNAase | This enzyme digests any RNA |
| DNA Polymerase beta | This polymerase fills in gaps in DNA. It fills in the gaps left after the RNA primers are removed. Leaves nicks in teh DNA |
| DNA ligase | Binds any free 3' hydroxyls and 5' phosphates of DNA. It seals the nicks between the okazaki fragments left by the Pol beta. |
| Telomerase | Reverse transcriptase Uses RNA as a template to make DNA Fills in the gap from overhang that can't be filled in by the DNA polymerase. It also extends the length of the DNA |
Created by:
tjamrose
Popular Genetics sets