Chabner, Language of Medicine 12th Ed, Chapter 12 - Vocabulary
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| ABGs | [arterial blood gasses]
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| adenoid hypertrophy | Increased development of the adenoids.
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| adenoidectomy | Removal of the adenoids.
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| adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils. (literal: resembling glands)
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| alveolar | Pertaining to an alveolus.
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| alveoli | (plural) Air sac in the lung. (singular: alveolus)
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| alveolus | (singular) Air sac in the lung. (plural: alveoli)
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| anosmia | Loss of the sense of smell.
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| anthracosis | Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs. (a.k.a. black lung disease)
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| apex of the lung | Tip or uppermost portion of the lung.
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| apical | Pertaining to the tip of an organ.
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| ARDS | [acute respiratory distress syndrome] -- severe, sudden lung injury caused by acute illness.
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| asbestosis | Abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lung.
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| asphyxia | Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream leading to unconsciousness or death.
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| asthma | Chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction.
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| atelectasis | Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of the alveoli.
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| auscultation | Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen (using a stethoscope).
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| bacilli | Rod-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis.
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| BAL | [bronchoalveolar lavage] -- Irrigation of washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyse the contents.
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| base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung.
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| bronchiectasis | Abnormal condition of the lung in which bronchi become damaged and widened (dilated); usually secondary to infection.
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| bronchiectatis | Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection.
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| bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal broncioles lead to alveolar ducts.
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| bronchiolitis | Inflammation of a bronchiole.
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| bronchoalveolar lavage | Irrigation of washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyse the contents.
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| bronchodilator | Agent that dilates blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm.
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| bronchopleural | Pertaining to the bronchus and the pleura.
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| bronchoscopy | Visual examination of the bronchila tubes using an endoscope of bronchoscope.
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| bronchospasm | chief characteristic of bronchitis and asthma.
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| bronchus | (singular) Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung bronchial tube (plural: bronchi)
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| C&S (lungs) | [culture and sensitivity testing ] -- (of sputum)
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| carbon dioxide | [CO2] -- Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart and then the lungs for exhalation.
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| CF | [cystic fibrosis]
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| chronic bronchitis | Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [COPD]
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| cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung.
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| CO2 | [carbon dioxide]
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| computed tomography of the chest | [CT (chest)] -- Cross-sectional x-ray imaging of an organ with or without contrast material.
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| COPD | COPD # [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease] -- Lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time.
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| cor pulmonale | Enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease.
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| CPR | [cardiopulmonary resuscitation] -- Three basis steps: CAB: Circulation restored by external compression, Airway opened by tilting the head, Breathing restored by mouth-to-mouth breathing.
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| croup | Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.
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| cyanosis | Abnormal condition of bluish colouration of the skin.
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| cystic fibrosis | [CF] -- Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
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| diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.
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| diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper repiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium.
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| dysphonia | Abnormal voice of sound produced when speaking.
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| dyspnea | Difficult breathing.
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| emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
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| empyema | [a.k.a. pyothorax] -- Pus in the pleural space (cavity).
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| endotracheal intubation | Tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway.
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| epiglottis | Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.
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| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis.
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| epistaxis | Nosebleed.
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| exhalation | Breathing out; expiration
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| expectoration | Coughing up of sputum (mucus) from the throat and respiratory tract.
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| expiration | Process of breathing out; exhalation
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| exudate | Fluid, cells, and other substances (ie pus) that filters from cells or capillaries oozes into lesions or areas of inflammation.
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| glottis | Slit-like opening in the larynx
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| hemoptysis | [hem/o -ptysis (spitting / blood)] -- coughing up blood from some part of the luns (respiratory tract) [dict]
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| hemothorax | Blood in the chest (pleural cavity) surrounding the lungs.
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| hilar | Pertaining to (at) the hilum
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| hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
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| hypercapnia | Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
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| hyperpnea | Increase in breathing rate.
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| hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen in tissues
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| infiltrate | Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image.
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| inhalation | Breathing in; inspiration.
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| inspiration | Act of breathing in; inhalation
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| laryngeal | [laryng/o -eal (pertaining to / larynx)]
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| laryngitis | [laryng/o -itis (inflammation / larynx)] -- inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in an inability to speak
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| laryngoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the larynx.
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| laryngospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box.
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| larynx | Voice box; containing the vocal cords. (located above the trachea)
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| lobe | Division of the lung.
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| lobectomy | Removal of a lobe or section of a lung.
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| lung biopsy | Surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of cells.
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| lung cancer | Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi.
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| magnetic resonance imaging of the chest | [MRI of the chest] -- Magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.
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| mediastinoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
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| mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. Contains trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.
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| mesothelioma | Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.
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| nares | Opening through the nose carrying the air into the nasal cavities; nostrils.
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| nasogastric intubation | Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach.
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| obstructive lung disease | Narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing. Examples are asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis.
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| orthopnea | Abnormal condition in which breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position.
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| oxygen | [O2] -- Gas that makes up 21 percent of the air we breath. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells.
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| palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine: pertaining to the palate)
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| palliative | Relieving symptoms, but not curative.
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| paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose.
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| parietal pleura | Outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall.
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| paroxysmal | Pertaining to a sudden occurence.
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| percussion | Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure.
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| pertussis | Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.
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| pharyngeal | [pharyng/o -eal] -- pertaining to the pharynx
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| pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
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| phrenic nerve | Carries impulses between the brain and the diaphragm.
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| pleura | Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.
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| pleural cavity | Space between the layers of pleura
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| pleural effusion | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).
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| pleural rub | Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.
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| pleurisy | [pleuritis] -- Inflammation of the pleura.
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| pleurodynia | Pain associated with the pleura.
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| pneumoconiosis | Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis.
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| pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung.
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| pneumonia | Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.
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| pneumothorax | Collection of air in the pleural space.
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| positron emission tomography of the lung | [PET scan of the lungs.] -- Radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs.
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| pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs.
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| pulmonary abscess | Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
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| pulmonary edema | Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.
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| pulmonary embolism | [PE] -- Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs.
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| pulmonary fibrosis | Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.
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| pulmonary function tests | Tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lungs.
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| pulmonary infarction | Area of necrosis (death of cells) in lung tissue.
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| pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lung; responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli.
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| purulent | Pus-filled; forming or containing pus.
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| pyothorax | [a.k.a. empyema] -- Pus collection in the pleural cavity.
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| rales | [a.k.a. crackles] -- Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli.
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| respiration | Exchange of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration or breathing) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration)
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| restrictive lung disease | condition in which lung expansion is limited by disease that affets the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself. Examples: pulmonary fibrosis, radiation damage, and pneumoconiosis.
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| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose.
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| rhonchi | (plural) Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.
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| sarcoidosis | Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
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| silicosis | Silica glass dust collects in the lungs; a type of pneumoconiosis.
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| sinusitis | Inflammation of paranasal tissue.
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| SOB | [shortness of breath]
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| spirometer | Instrument that measures breathing.
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| sputum | Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
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| sputum culture | Sputum is collected and placed in a growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms that may be present.
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| stridor | Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
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| tachypnea | [tachy- -pnea (breath / fast)]
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| thoracentesis | [thorac/o -centesis (surgical punction to remove fluid / chest)]
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| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest.
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| thoracoscopy | Visual examination of the chest using a small incision and an endoscope.
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| thoracotomy | surgical incision into the chest wall
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| tonsillectomy | Removal of tonsils.
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| trachea | Windpipe. Tube leading from throat and larynx to bronchial tubes.
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| tracheal stenosis | Narrowing of the trachea.
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| tracheostomy | opening in the trachea intended for an indwelling tube
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| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea
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| tube thoracostomy | Flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest.
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| tuberculin test | Determines past or present exposure to tuberculosis based on a positive skin test.
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| tuberculosis | [TB] -- Infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
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| ventilation-perfusion scan | [V/Q scan] -- Nuclear medicine lung scan using radioactive material to evaluate air flow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs.
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| visceral pleura | Inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.
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| wheezes | Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
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