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Chabner12-Ch11Vocab
Chabner, Language of Medicine 12th Ed, Chapter 12 - Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ABGs | [arterial blood gasses] |
| adenoid hypertrophy | Increased development of the adenoids. |
| adenoidectomy | Removal of the adenoids. |
| adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils. (literal: resembling glands) |
| alveolar | Pertaining to an alveolus. |
| alveoli | (plural) Air sac in the lung. (singular: alveolus) |
| alveolus | (singular) Air sac in the lung. (plural: alveoli) |
| anosmia | Loss of the sense of smell. |
| anthracosis | Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs. (a.k.a. black lung disease) |
| apex of the lung | Tip or uppermost portion of the lung. |
| apical | Pertaining to the tip of an organ. |
| ARDS | [acute respiratory distress syndrome] -- severe, sudden lung injury caused by acute illness. |
| asbestosis | Abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lung. |
| asphyxia | Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream leading to unconsciousness or death. |
| asthma | Chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction. |
| atelectasis | Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of the alveoli. |
| auscultation | Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen (using a stethoscope). |
| bacilli | Rod-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis. |
| BAL | [bronchoalveolar lavage] -- Irrigation of washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyse the contents. |
| base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung. |
| bronchiectasis | Abnormal condition of the lung in which bronchi become damaged and widened (dilated); usually secondary to infection. |
| bronchiectatis | Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection. |
| bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal broncioles lead to alveolar ducts. |
| bronchiolitis | Inflammation of a bronchiole. |
| bronchoalveolar lavage | Irrigation of washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyse the contents. |
| bronchodilator | Agent that dilates blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm. |
| bronchopleural | Pertaining to the bronchus and the pleura. |
| bronchoscopy | Visual examination of the bronchila tubes using an endoscope of bronchoscope. |
| bronchospasm | chief characteristic of bronchitis and asthma. |
| bronchus | (singular) Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung bronchial tube (plural: bronchi) |
| C&S (lungs) | [culture and sensitivity testing ] -- (of sputum) |
| carbon dioxide | [CO2] -- Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart and then the lungs for exhalation. |
| CF | [cystic fibrosis] |
| chronic bronchitis | Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | [COPD] |
| cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. |
| CO2 | [carbon dioxide] |
| computed tomography of the chest | [CT (chest)] -- Cross-sectional x-ray imaging of an organ with or without contrast material. |
| COPD | COPD # [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease] -- Lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time. |
| cor pulmonale | Enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease. |
| CPR | [cardiopulmonary resuscitation] -- Three basis steps: CAB: Circulation restored by external compression, Airway opened by tilting the head, Breathing restored by mouth-to-mouth breathing. |
| croup | Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor. |
| cyanosis | Abnormal condition of bluish colouration of the skin. |
| cystic fibrosis | [CF] -- Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally. |
| diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out. |
| --- | |
| diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper repiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium. |
| dysphonia | Abnormal voice of sound produced when speaking. |
| dyspnea | Difficult breathing. |
| emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. |
| empyema | [a.k.a. pyothorax] -- Pus in the pleural space (cavity). |
| endotracheal intubation | Tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway. |
| epiglottis | Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing. |
| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis. |
| epistaxis | Nosebleed. |
| exhalation | Breathing out; expiration |
| expectoration | Coughing up of sputum (mucus) from the throat and respiratory tract. |
| expiration | Process of breathing out; exhalation |
| exudate | Fluid, cells, and other substances (ie pus) that filters from cells or capillaries oozes into lesions or areas of inflammation. |
| glottis | Slit-like opening in the larynx |
| hemoptysis | [hem/o -ptysis (spitting / blood)] -- coughing up blood from some part of the luns (respiratory tract) [dict] |
| hemothorax | Blood in the chest (pleural cavity) surrounding the lungs. |
| hilar | Pertaining to (at) the hilum |
| hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. |
| hypercapnia | Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. |
| hyperpnea | Increase in breathing rate. |
| hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen in tissues |
| infiltrate | Collection of fluid or other material within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image. |
| inhalation | Breathing in; inspiration. |
| inspiration | Act of breathing in; inhalation |
| laryngeal | [laryng/o -eal (pertaining to / larynx)] |
| laryngitis | [laryng/o -itis (inflammation / larynx)] -- inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in an inability to speak |
| laryngoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the larynx. |
| laryngospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box. |
| larynx | Voice box; containing the vocal cords. (located above the trachea) |
| lobe | Division of the lung. |
| lobectomy | Removal of a lobe or section of a lung. |
| lung biopsy | Surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of cells. |
| lung cancer | Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi. |
| magnetic resonance imaging of the chest | [MRI of the chest] -- Magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body. |
| mediastinoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum |
| mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. Contains trachea, heart, lymph nodes, major blood vessels, esophagus, and bronchial tubes. |
| mesothelioma | Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura. |
| nares | Opening through the nose carrying the air into the nasal cavities; nostrils. |
| nasogastric intubation | Insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach. |
| obstructive lung disease | Narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing. Examples are asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. |
| orthopnea | Abnormal condition in which breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position. |
| oxygen | [O2] -- Gas that makes up 21 percent of the air we breath. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells. |
| palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine: pertaining to the palate) |
| palliative | Relieving symptoms, but not curative. |
| paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose. |
| parietal pleura | Outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall. |
| paroxysmal | Pertaining to a sudden occurence. |
| percussion | Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure. |
| pertussis | Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis. |
| pharyngeal | [pharyng/o -eal] -- pertaining to the pharynx |
| pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| phrenic nerve | Carries impulses between the brain and the diaphragm. |
| pleura | Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung. |
| pleural cavity | Space between the layers of pleura |
| pleural effusion | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity). |
| pleural rub | Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other. |
| pleurisy | [pleuritis] -- Inflammation of the pleura. |
| pleurodynia | Pain associated with the pleura. |
| pneumoconiosis | Abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis. |
| pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung. |
| pneumonia | Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction. |
| pneumothorax | Collection of air in the pleural space. |
| positron emission tomography of the lung | [PET scan of the lungs.] -- Radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs. |
| pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs. |
| pulmonary abscess | Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs. |
| pulmonary edema | Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles. |
| pulmonary embolism | [PE] -- Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs. |
| pulmonary fibrosis | Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs. |
| pulmonary function tests | Tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lungs. |
| pulmonary infarction | Area of necrosis (death of cells) in lung tissue. |
| pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lung; responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli. |
| purulent | Pus-filled; forming or containing pus. |
| pyothorax | [a.k.a. empyema] -- Pus collection in the pleural cavity. |
| rales | [a.k.a. crackles] -- Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli. |
| respiration | Exchange of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration or breathing) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration) |
| restrictive lung disease | condition in which lung expansion is limited by disease that affets the chest wall, pleura, or lung tissue itself. Examples: pulmonary fibrosis, radiation damage, and pneumoconiosis. |
| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose. |
| rhonchi | (plural) Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum. |
| sarcoidosis | Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. |
| silicosis | Silica glass dust collects in the lungs; a type of pneumoconiosis. |
| sinusitis | Inflammation of paranasal tissue. |
| SOB | [shortness of breath] |
| spirometer | Instrument that measures breathing. |
| sputum | Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting. |
| sputum culture | Sputum is collected and placed in a growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms that may be present. |
| stridor | Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. |
| tachypnea | [tachy- -pnea (breath / fast)] |
| thoracentesis | [thorac/o -centesis (surgical punction to remove fluid / chest)] |
| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest. |
| thoracoscopy | Visual examination of the chest using a small incision and an endoscope. |
| thoracotomy | surgical incision into the chest wall |
| tonsillectomy | Removal of tonsils. |
| trachea | Windpipe. Tube leading from throat and larynx to bronchial tubes. |
| tracheal stenosis | Narrowing of the trachea. |
| tracheostomy | opening in the trachea intended for an indwelling tube |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea |
| tube thoracostomy | Flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest. |
| tuberculin test | Determines past or present exposure to tuberculosis based on a positive skin test. |
| tuberculosis | [TB] -- Infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected. |
| ventilation-perfusion scan | [V/Q scan] -- Nuclear medicine lung scan using radioactive material to evaluate air flow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs. |
| visceral pleura | Inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue. |
| wheezes | Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing. |
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