CH.4 Key Words
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| Acne | Inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces pimples on the skin.
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| Albinism | An inherited condition that prevents the normal production of melanin, resulting in extremely pale skin and white hair.
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| Allergy skin test | Skin test used to identify allergies.
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| Alopecia | Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain diseases.
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| Anesthetic | Drug that causes a reversible loss of sensation or pain; used to temporarily deaden pain.
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| Antibiotic | Drug used to fight off or prevent infection.
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| Antifungal | Drug used to fight off fungal infections, such as athlete's foot and ringworm.
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| Antipruritic | Drug used to inhibit itching. Itching is a symptom associated with many skin disorders.
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| Antiviral | Drug used to treat viral infections, such as herpes.
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| Arrector pili | Bundles of very small muscle fibers that are attached to hair follicles.
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| Autograft | Surgical transfer of tissue from one part of a patient's body to another part of the same body.
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| Basal cell carcinoma | Commonly slow growing, malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis.
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| Basal layer | Deepest layer of epidermis.
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| Biologic | Drug derived from living organisms through molecular biology techniques.
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| Biopsy | The removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination.
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| Blepharoplasty | Plastic surgery of the eyelid; also known as a lid lift.
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| Burns | Injuries to skin tissue caused by prolonged heat contact.
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| Cauterization | Destruction of tissue through the application of heat, cold, or an electrical current.
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| Chemical peel | The use of chemicals to remove outer layers of the skin; common treatment for acne and wrinkle removal.
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| Cicatrix | A scar left by a healed wound.
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| Collagen | A fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
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| Corticosteroid | Drug used to treat skin conditions linked to autoimmune diseases, such as vasculitis, and inflammatory diseases, such as eczema and psoriasis.
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| Cryosurgery | Destruction of abnormal tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen; common treatment for warts.
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| Curettage | Removal of tissue by scraping the surface; a common treatment for removal of basal cell tumors.
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| Cuticle | A narrow band of epidermal tissue attached to the surface of the nail, at the base and sides of the nail plate.
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| Cyanosis | The appearance of a blue or purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to insufficient blood oxygen or poor circulation.
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| Cyst | A closed thick-walled sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material that develops in a cavity or other structure of the body.
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| Debridement | Removal of damaged tissue and foreign debris to prevent infection and promote healing, common treatment for bedsores and burns.
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| Dermabrasion | The use of abrasive materials, such as brushes and sandpaper, to remove layers of skin.
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| Dermatologist | A physician who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the skin, hair and nails.
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| Dermatology technician | A specialized medical assistant who works in the skin-care field.
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| Dermatoplasty | Replacement of damaged skin with donor skin from a different region of the body; skin graft
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| Dermis | The layer directly below the epidermis that's made up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands.
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| Ecchymosis | Black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin.
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| Eczema | Acute or chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, itchiness, and edema or swelling.
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| Epidermis | Forms the outermost layer of the skin.
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| Epithelial tissue | Tissue composed of densely packed cells. That cover the surface of the body and also line internal organs and cavities.
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| Excisional biopsy | Surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor.
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| Exfoliative cytology | Biopsy procedure in which living tissue is scraped so it can be analyzed microscopically for bacteria.
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| First-degree burn | A skin burn characterized by superficial epidermal lesions; erythema or redness; hyperesthesia or increased sensitivity, especially to touch; and no blisters.
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| Fissure | A groove or a crack, as in a sore.
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| Gangrene | Necrosis or death, of tissue due to loss of blood supply, followed by bacterial infection.
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| Gland | A cell, or groups of cells, that secretes select substances within or out of the body.
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| Hair follicles | Attached to the arrector pili.
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| Hair shaft | The nongrowing part of a hair that protrudes from the skin.
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| Immunosuppressant | Drugs used to treat certain conditions (such as psoriasis and eczema) by suppressing the immune system.
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| Impetigo | Bacterial infection of the skin characterized by vesicles (small, fluid-filled sacs
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| Incision and drainage | Procedure in which an incision is made through the skin to drain fluid or an abscess.
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| Incisional biopsy | Incision (cut) into the tissue for removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination
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| Integumentary System | The body system that is composed of the skin and its accessories, which protects the body by functioning as a physical barrier, regulates temperature and fluid control, produces vitamin D, and provides sensory information.
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| Intradermal skin test | A test in which different substances are injected into the skin to test for allergic reactions.
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| Kaposi's sarcoma | Malignant cancer that causes erythematous or purplish patches in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs and tissues; a disease often seen in AIDS patients.
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| Keloid | An abnormally raised, thickened scar.
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| Keratin | A fibrous, water-repellant protein.
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| Laser therapy | The use of laser light waves to treat skin conditions.
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| Lesions, cancerous | An area of malignant (cancerous) tissue.
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| Lipectomy | Surgical removal of fat below the skin.
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| Lipids | A group of organic compounds that consist of fat, are greasy to the touch, and are insoluble. Lubricate the skin and minimize water loss.
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| Lipocytes | Cells that manufacture and store fat.
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| Liposuction | Use of suction during surgery to remove fat below the skin.
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| Lunula | The semilunar, white area at the proximal end of the nail.
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| Macule | A small, flat, discolored lesion on the skin.
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| Malignant melanoma | Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes; that begins as an irregularly shaped macule.
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| Melanin | Is responsible for the skin's pigmentation, or color. And helps protect skin against the harmful ultraviolent rays of the sun.
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| Melanocytes | Special brown-to-black pigments are found in the epidermis.
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| Mohs surgery | Surgical method of treating skin cancer. Thin, tumorous skin layers are successively removed and examined under a microscope.
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| Mucous membrane | Protectively lines any body cavity that opens to the outside world (for example, the nasal passage)
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| Nail plate | The hard, translucent part of the nail. It is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissue.
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| Nail root | The area of the dermis on which the nail rests. It fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin.
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| Nails | Made of hard keratin. An accessory organ of the skin.
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| Needle biopsy | Biopsy procedure in which a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue for microscopic examination.
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| Nevus | A highly pigmented lesion of the skin that is flat or raised.
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| Nodule | A solid skin elevation larger than one centimeter in diameter; may develop an epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous layer.
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| Oral drugs | Given by the mouth. May be swallowed, chewed, or dissolved under the tongue,
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| Papule | A solid skin elevation with distinct borders and a diameter of less than one centimeter; pimple
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| Perspiration | Sweat that is secreted by the sweat glands and contains 99 percent water and 1 percent salt and metabolic waste products.
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| Petechia | Round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage (bleeding into the skin).
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| Polyp | A small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane.
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| Psoriasis | A chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches.
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| Punch biopsy | A biopsy done with a small, circular blade that rotates down through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer, producing a cylindrical core of tissue.
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| Purpura | A purple or brownish-red rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes.
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| Pustule | A small, infected skin elevation that contains pus, abscess.
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| Rhytidectomy | Elimination of wrinkles through surgical removal of skin on the face; facelift
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| Scabies | A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus or itching.
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| Sclerotherapy | Injection of a sclerosing medical solution, such as saline, into varicose veins or spider veins.
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| Scratch test | Skin test in which the forearm is scratched with tiny needles and a variety of substances are applied to the skin to identify allergies.
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| Sebaceous glands | Located in the dermal layer of the skin over the entire body, except for the palms and soles of feet.
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| Sebum | An oily substance that is secreted in the skin by sebaceous glands.
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| Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) | A chronic, inflammatory disease of collagen of the skin, joints, and internal organs. An autoimmune disease, one in which the body's immune system attacks healthy tissues.
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| Third-degree burn | Skin burns in which the epidermis and dermis are destroyed; this type of burn produces severe hyperesthesia or anesthesia, depending on the degree of nerve damage.
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| Tinea | A skin infection caused by a fungus.
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| Topical drugs | Are applied directly to the area of concern and are intended to affect only that area.
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| Transdermal drugs | Drugs that ravel through the skin and into the bloodstream.
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| Ulcer | An open sore or an erosion of the skin or lining of a mucous membrane.
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| Urticaria | Hives with localized swelling and itching.
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| Varicose | Veins that have a twisting appearance due to the loss of elasticity. May be deep or superficial. Called "spider veins."
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| Vesicle | A small, raised skin lesion filled with clear fluid, blister.
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| Vitiligo | Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin; creating the appearance of milky-white patches.
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| Wart | A small, hard, benign skin growth caused by a virus.
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| Wheal | A smooth, slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin, a characteristic of hives.
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