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CH.4 Key Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acne | Inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces pimples on the skin. |
| Albinism | An inherited condition that prevents the normal production of melanin, resulting in extremely pale skin and white hair. |
| Allergy skin test | Skin test used to identify allergies. |
| Alopecia | Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain diseases. |
| Anesthetic | Drug that causes a reversible loss of sensation or pain; used to temporarily deaden pain. |
| Antibiotic | Drug used to fight off or prevent infection. |
| Antifungal | Drug used to fight off fungal infections, such as athlete's foot and ringworm. |
| Antipruritic | Drug used to inhibit itching. Itching is a symptom associated with many skin disorders. |
| Antiviral | Drug used to treat viral infections, such as herpes. |
| Arrector pili | Bundles of very small muscle fibers that are attached to hair follicles. |
| Autograft | Surgical transfer of tissue from one part of a patient's body to another part of the same body. |
| Basal cell carcinoma | Commonly slow growing, malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis. |
| Basal layer | Deepest layer of epidermis. |
| Biologic | Drug derived from living organisms through molecular biology techniques. |
| Biopsy | The removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination. |
| Blepharoplasty | Plastic surgery of the eyelid; also known as a lid lift. |
| Burns | Injuries to skin tissue caused by prolonged heat contact. |
| Cauterization | Destruction of tissue through the application of heat, cold, or an electrical current. |
| Chemical peel | The use of chemicals to remove outer layers of the skin; common treatment for acne and wrinkle removal. |
| Cicatrix | A scar left by a healed wound. |
| Collagen | A fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. |
| Corticosteroid | Drug used to treat skin conditions linked to autoimmune diseases, such as vasculitis, and inflammatory diseases, such as eczema and psoriasis. |
| Cryosurgery | Destruction of abnormal tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen; common treatment for warts. |
| Curettage | Removal of tissue by scraping the surface; a common treatment for removal of basal cell tumors. |
| Cuticle | A narrow band of epidermal tissue attached to the surface of the nail, at the base and sides of the nail plate. |
| Cyanosis | The appearance of a blue or purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to insufficient blood oxygen or poor circulation. |
| Cyst | A closed thick-walled sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material that develops in a cavity or other structure of the body. |
| Debridement | Removal of damaged tissue and foreign debris to prevent infection and promote healing, common treatment for bedsores and burns. |
| Dermabrasion | The use of abrasive materials, such as brushes and sandpaper, to remove layers of skin. |
| Dermatologist | A physician who diagnoses and treats conditions and diseases of the skin, hair and nails. |
| Dermatology technician | A specialized medical assistant who works in the skin-care field. |
| Dermatoplasty | Replacement of damaged skin with donor skin from a different region of the body; skin graft |
| Dermis | The layer directly below the epidermis that's made up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. |
| Ecchymosis | Black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin. |
| Eczema | Acute or chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, itchiness, and edema or swelling. |
| Epidermis | Forms the outermost layer of the skin. |
| Epithelial tissue | Tissue composed of densely packed cells. That cover the surface of the body and also line internal organs and cavities. |
| Excisional biopsy | Surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor. |
| Exfoliative cytology | Biopsy procedure in which living tissue is scraped so it can be analyzed microscopically for bacteria. |
| First-degree burn | A skin burn characterized by superficial epidermal lesions; erythema or redness; hyperesthesia or increased sensitivity, especially to touch; and no blisters. |
| Fissure | A groove or a crack, as in a sore. |
| Gangrene | Necrosis or death, of tissue due to loss of blood supply, followed by bacterial infection. |
| Gland | A cell, or groups of cells, that secretes select substances within or out of the body. |
| Hair follicles | Attached to the arrector pili. |
| Hair shaft | The nongrowing part of a hair that protrudes from the skin. |
| Immunosuppressant | Drugs used to treat certain conditions (such as psoriasis and eczema) by suppressing the immune system. |
| Impetigo | Bacterial infection of the skin characterized by vesicles (small, fluid-filled sacs |
| Incision and drainage | Procedure in which an incision is made through the skin to drain fluid or an abscess. |
| Incisional biopsy | Incision (cut) into the tissue for removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination |
| Integumentary System | The body system that is composed of the skin and its accessories, which protects the body by functioning as a physical barrier, regulates temperature and fluid control, produces vitamin D, and provides sensory information. |
| Intradermal skin test | A test in which different substances are injected into the skin to test for allergic reactions. |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | Malignant cancer that causes erythematous or purplish patches in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs and tissues; a disease often seen in AIDS patients. |
| Keloid | An abnormally raised, thickened scar. |
| Keratin | A fibrous, water-repellant protein. |
| Laser therapy | The use of laser light waves to treat skin conditions. |
| Lesions, cancerous | An area of malignant (cancerous) tissue. |
| Lipectomy | Surgical removal of fat below the skin. |
| Lipids | A group of organic compounds that consist of fat, are greasy to the touch, and are insoluble. Lubricate the skin and minimize water loss. |
| Lipocytes | Cells that manufacture and store fat. |
| Liposuction | Use of suction during surgery to remove fat below the skin. |
| Lunula | The semilunar, white area at the proximal end of the nail. |
| Macule | A small, flat, discolored lesion on the skin. |
| Malignant melanoma | Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes; that begins as an irregularly shaped macule. |
| Melanin | Is responsible for the skin's pigmentation, or color. And helps protect skin against the harmful ultraviolent rays of the sun. |
| Melanocytes | Special brown-to-black pigments are found in the epidermis. |
| Mohs surgery | Surgical method of treating skin cancer. Thin, tumorous skin layers are successively removed and examined under a microscope. |
| Mucous membrane | Protectively lines any body cavity that opens to the outside world (for example, the nasal passage) |
| Nail plate | The hard, translucent part of the nail. It is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissue. |
| Nail root | The area of the dermis on which the nail rests. It fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin. |
| Nails | Made of hard keratin. An accessory organ of the skin. |
| Needle biopsy | Biopsy procedure in which a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue for microscopic examination. |
| Nevus | A highly pigmented lesion of the skin that is flat or raised. |
| Nodule | A solid skin elevation larger than one centimeter in diameter; may develop an epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous layer. |
| Oral drugs | Given by the mouth. May be swallowed, chewed, or dissolved under the tongue, |
| Papule | A solid skin elevation with distinct borders and a diameter of less than one centimeter; pimple |
| Perspiration | Sweat that is secreted by the sweat glands and contains 99 percent water and 1 percent salt and metabolic waste products. |
| Petechia | Round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage (bleeding into the skin). |
| Polyp | A small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane. |
| Psoriasis | A chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches. |
| Punch biopsy | A biopsy done with a small, circular blade that rotates down through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer, producing a cylindrical core of tissue. |
| Purpura | A purple or brownish-red rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes. |
| Pustule | A small, infected skin elevation that contains pus, abscess. |
| Rhytidectomy | Elimination of wrinkles through surgical removal of skin on the face; facelift |
| Scabies | A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus or itching. |
| Sclerotherapy | Injection of a sclerosing medical solution, such as saline, into varicose veins or spider veins. |
| Scratch test | Skin test in which the forearm is scratched with tiny needles and a variety of substances are applied to the skin to identify allergies. |
| Sebaceous glands | Located in the dermal layer of the skin over the entire body, except for the palms and soles of feet. |
| Sebum | An oily substance that is secreted in the skin by sebaceous glands. |
| Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) | A chronic, inflammatory disease of collagen of the skin, joints, and internal organs. An autoimmune disease, one in which the body's immune system attacks healthy tissues. |
| Third-degree burn | Skin burns in which the epidermis and dermis are destroyed; this type of burn produces severe hyperesthesia or anesthesia, depending on the degree of nerve damage. |
| Tinea | A skin infection caused by a fungus. |
| Topical drugs | Are applied directly to the area of concern and are intended to affect only that area. |
| Transdermal drugs | Drugs that ravel through the skin and into the bloodstream. |
| Ulcer | An open sore or an erosion of the skin or lining of a mucous membrane. |
| Urticaria | Hives with localized swelling and itching. |
| Varicose | Veins that have a twisting appearance due to the loss of elasticity. May be deep or superficial. Called "spider veins." |
| Vesicle | A small, raised skin lesion filled with clear fluid, blister. |
| Vitiligo | Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin; creating the appearance of milky-white patches. |
| Wart | A small, hard, benign skin growth caused by a virus. |
| Wheal | A smooth, slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin, a characteristic of hives. |
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