CT ECG Conduction System Quiz
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| What are the neuromuscular aspects of the conduction system? | 1 - Action potential; 2 - Resting potential; 3 - Cardiac cell membrane; 4 - Automaticity / Excitability; 5 - Depolarization / Repolarization
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| What does action potential mean? | First step in the chain of events leading to contraction. ( +30 - +40 mv)
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| What does resting potential mean? | Period between contractions. Inside of the cell is negative relative to the outside
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| What does cardiac cell membrane mean? | Cell membrane must allow sodium in for contraction.
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| What does automaticity mean? | Ability of the pacemaker cells to generate their own electrical impulses spontaneously (Characteristic is specific to the pacemaker cells.)
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| What does excitability mean? | Ability of the cardiac cells to respond to an impulse. (Characteristic is shared by all cardiac cells)
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| What does conductivity mean? | Ability of the cardiac cells to receive an electrical impulse & transmit it to other cardiac cells. (Characteristic is shared by all cardiac cells)
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| What does contractility mean? | Ability of the myocardial cells to shorten and cause muscle contraction. (Characteristic is specific to myocardial cells)
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| Which cardiac cell characteristic is considered a mechanical function of the heart? | Contractility
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| What are automaticity, excitability and conductivity characteristics considered? | Electrical functions of the heart
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| What is another name for phase zero (0)? | Depolarization
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| What is another name for phase 1? | Start of Repolarization
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| What is another name for phase 2? | Plateu (Repolarization continues)
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| What happened at the end of phase 3 and the start of phase 4? | Sodium pump activated
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| What is happening during phases 1 - 3? | Potassium is leaving the cell
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| What does TMP stand for? | Threshold membrane potential
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| What is the normal range for TMP (Threshold Membrane potential)? | -60 to -70 mv
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| What is the total number of phases for a cardiac action potential? | 5
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| Where is the sinoatrial node located? | In the wall of the upper right atrium near the inlet of the superior vena cava.
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| What is the normal range of impulse discharges in the SA node? | 60 - 100 beats per min
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| Describe a cardiac cell - | They are long and narrow and many are brached
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| Define cation - | An ion with a positive charge
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| Define anion - | An ion with a negative charge
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| What kind of ion is potassium (K+)? | Primary intracellular ion with a negative charge
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| What kind of ion is sodium (N+)? | Primary extracellular ion with a positive charge
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| What is another name for periods of stimulation? | Depolarization
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| What is another name for periods of rest? | Repolarization
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| Define P-wave - | Depicts atrial depolarization or the spread of the impulse from the SA node throughtout the atria
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| PR-interval - | Represents the time from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization
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| Define PR-segment - | The short isoelectric line between the end of the P-wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
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| What is the PR-Segment used for? | As a baseline to evaluate elevation or depression of the ST segment
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| QRS complex - | Depicts ventricular depolarization or the spread of the impulse throughtout the ventricles
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| ST-Segment - | Represents the end of ventricular depolarization & the beginning of ventricular repolarization
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| T-wave - | Represents the latter phase of ventricular repolarization
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| QT-interval - | Represents both ventricular depolarization & repolarization
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| What are the three types of muscle tissues? | 1 - Skeletal; 2 - Visceral; 3 - Cardiac
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| Describe skeletal muscle tissues - | Striated; Responses to commands
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| Describe visceral muscle tissues - | Smooth; Involuntary
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| Describe cardiac muscle tissue - | Striated; Involuntary (can generate its own electrical output)
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| What is the normal range for RMP (resting membrane potential)? | -80 to -90 mv
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| What makes up the His-Purkinje System? | Bundle of His, Right and Left bundle branches & Purkinje Fibers
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| What does PEA stand for? | Pulseless Electrical Activity
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| What does a cardiac cycle consist of? | One heart beat or one P,QRS & T sequence
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| How is the delay of the AV node represented on the ECG tracing? | The flat line of the PR interval
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| What are the threee main functions of the AV node? | Slow conduction of the electrical impulse; Serve as a backup pacemaker to the SA node; Block some impulses when the rate is high
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| What does ANS stand for? | Autonomic Nervous System
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| What are the two majior divisions of the automatic nervous system? | 1 - Sympathetic nervous system; 2 - Parasympathetic Nervous System
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| Which division of the ANS is the brake? | Parasympathetic
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| What kind of receptor is the parasympathetic Nervous system? | Cholinergic
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| What does Acetylcholine do to the ANS? | Decrease in the Heart rate, conduction, contractility (SA/AV)
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| Which division of the ANS speeds things up? | Sympathetic
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| What kind of receptor is the Sympathetic nervous system? | Adranergic
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| What does norepihephrine do to the ANS? | Increases Heart Rate, conduction, & contractility
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| Heart Rate = | Chronotropic (from chrono-, meaning time; Affecting the rate of rhythmic movements)
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| Conduction = | Dromotropic
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| Contractility = | Inotropic
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