Osteology,Arthrology
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| processes or projections | extend beyond or project out from the main body of a bone
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| facet | small, smooth-surfaced articular process
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| hamulus | hook-shaped process
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| head | expanded end of a long bone
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| horn | hornlike process
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| line | linear elevation; not as prominent as a crest
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| malleolus | club-shaped process
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| protuberance | projecting prominence
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| spine | sharp process
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| styloid | long, pointed process
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| trochanter | either of the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur
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| tubercle | small, rounded, and elevated process
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| tuberosity | large, rounded, and elevated process
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| depressions | hollow or depressed areas
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| fissure | cleft or deep groove
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| foramen | hole in a bone for transmission of vessels and nerves
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| fossa | pit, fovea, or hollow space
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| groove | shallow linear channel
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| meatus | tubelike passageway
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| notch | indentation in the border of a bone
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| sinus | recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space
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| sulcus | furrow or trench
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| bone | The porous calcified substance from which bones are made
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| ossification | Gradual replacement of cartilage by bone cells and calcium deposits
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| collagen | Structural protein of all connective tissue ; It is relatively inelastic and resists stretching
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| compact bone | Dense external layer of all bones
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| cancellous bone | Inner lattice work of thin plates of bone filled with red bone marrow pattern
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| trabeculae | Calcified intercellular matrix of the bone
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| cartilage | Specialized type of avascular connective tissue at the articular ends of bone
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| fontanel | Soft spot in the skull of newborn before compete bone formation occurs
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| epiphysis | Center of long bone growth in a child
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| metaphysis | Region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where the calcified matrix is replaced by bone
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| periosteum | Membranous covering of bone rich in blood vessels and nerves
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| red bone marrow | bone marrow of children and some adult bones required for the formation of red blood cells
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| yellow bone marrow | Adipose cells in the diaphysis consisting of and scattered blood cells forming the chemical
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| osteon | Functional unit of bone also known as the Haversian system
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| haversian canals | Vascular channels running parallel to the long axis of bone
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| canaliculi | Small channels connecting spaces between the bone layers
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| lamellae | Interconnected sheets of bone surrounding the Haversian canal
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| foramen | Opening in bones for the passage of blood or nerves and both
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| lacunae | Interconnected openings in bone that house osteocytes
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| osteocytes | Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts
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| osteoblasts | Bone forming cells that deposit calcium in the spaces vacated by cartilage to form bone matrix
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| osteoclast | Bone cells that destroy the surface of bone and aid in the remodeling process
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| tendon | Elastic connective tissue connecting muscle to bone
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| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bones
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| meniscus | Semi-lunar shaped interarticular cartilage of the knee
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| bursa | Synovial fluid-filled sac, near to but not in the joint acting as cushions between muscles, tendons, and bone
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| Volkmann’s canals | Vascular channels carrying blood to the bone
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| articulation / joint | point of contact between two or more bones
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| synarthrodial | Joint classification where the immovable joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue
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| amphiarthrodial | Joint classification where the partially movable joints are held together by cartilage
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| diarthrodial | Joint classification with freely movable joint united by a fibrous capsule secreting synovial fluid for lubrication
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| gliding | Diarthrodial joint with sliding movement without angulation
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| hinge | Diarthrodial joint with flexion and extension
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| pivot | Diarthrodial joint with rotational movement around one axis
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| condyloid | Diarthrodial joint with movement in 2 directions at right angles to each other
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| ball and socket | Diarthrodial joint with the greatest range of motion with a ball shaped process that fits into a cup shaped socket
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| saddle | Diarthrodial joint with movement in 2 directions with adjoining concave and convex surfaces
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| sub- | under
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| ambi- | both
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| peri- | around
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| endo- | within, inner
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| inter- | between
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| supra- | above
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| infra- | below
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| dys- | painful, difficult
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| syn- | together
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| sym | together
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| ex- | our, away from
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| epi- | upon, over and above
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| meta- | change, beyond
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| dia- | through, between
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| ab- | away from
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| ad- | toward
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| dorsi- | back
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| poly- | many
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| in- | in, into
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| oste/o | bone
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| arthr/o | joint
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| synovi/o | synovial membrane
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| myel/o | bone marrow
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| spondyl/o | vertebrae
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| rachi/o | spinal
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| kyph/o | hump
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| lord/o | bend
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| lumb/o | loins
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| scoli/o | crooked or curved
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| petr/o | stone-like
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| lith/o | stone or calculus
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| articul/o | joint
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| burs/o | pouch, sac
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| rheumatic/o | watery flow
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| styl/o | pole, stake
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| ankyl/o | stiffness
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| ten/o | tendon
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| orth/o | straight
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| sphen/o | wedge
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| ethm/o | sieve
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| acr/o | extremity
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| kines/i | movement
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| dactyl/o | finger or toe
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| sarc/o | flesh
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| cleid/o | clavicle
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -clasis | break
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| -physis | growth
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| -schisis | fissure
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| -trophy | development
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| -tome | instrument to cut
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| -pexy | surgical fixation
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| -algia | pain
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| -ptosis | drooping
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| -malacia | softening
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| -oma | tumor
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| -ectomy | excision
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| -otomy | incision
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| -porosis | pore, passage
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| -stenosis | narrowing
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| -listhesis | slipping
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| -blast | immature cell
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| -desis | binding
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| -rrhaphy | suture repair
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