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Osteology,Arthrology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| processes or projections | extend beyond or project out from the main body of a bone |
| facet | small, smooth-surfaced articular process |
| hamulus | hook-shaped process |
| head | expanded end of a long bone |
| horn | hornlike process |
| line | linear elevation; not as prominent as a crest |
| malleolus | club-shaped process |
| protuberance | projecting prominence |
| spine | sharp process |
| styloid | long, pointed process |
| trochanter | either of the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur |
| tubercle | small, rounded, and elevated process |
| tuberosity | large, rounded, and elevated process |
| depressions | hollow or depressed areas |
| fissure | cleft or deep groove |
| foramen | hole in a bone for transmission of vessels and nerves |
| fossa | pit, fovea, or hollow space |
| groove | shallow linear channel |
| meatus | tubelike passageway |
| notch | indentation in the border of a bone |
| sinus | recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space |
| sulcus | furrow or trench |
| bone | The porous calcified substance from which bones are made |
| ossification | Gradual replacement of cartilage by bone cells and calcium deposits |
| collagen | Structural protein of all connective tissue ; It is relatively inelastic and resists stretching |
| compact bone | Dense external layer of all bones |
| cancellous bone | Inner lattice work of thin plates of bone filled with red bone marrow pattern |
| trabeculae | Calcified intercellular matrix of the bone |
| cartilage | Specialized type of avascular connective tissue at the articular ends of bone |
| fontanel | Soft spot in the skull of newborn before compete bone formation occurs |
| epiphysis | Center of long bone growth in a child |
| metaphysis | Region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where the calcified matrix is replaced by bone |
| periosteum | Membranous covering of bone rich in blood vessels and nerves |
| red bone marrow | bone marrow of children and some adult bones required for the formation of red blood cells |
| yellow bone marrow | Adipose cells in the diaphysis consisting of and scattered blood cells forming the chemical |
| osteon | Functional unit of bone also known as the Haversian system |
| haversian canals | Vascular channels running parallel to the long axis of bone |
| canaliculi | Small channels connecting spaces between the bone layers |
| lamellae | Interconnected sheets of bone surrounding the Haversian canal |
| foramen | Opening in bones for the passage of blood or nerves and both |
| lacunae | Interconnected openings in bone that house osteocytes |
| osteocytes | Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts |
| osteoblasts | Bone forming cells that deposit calcium in the spaces vacated by cartilage to form bone matrix |
| osteoclast | Bone cells that destroy the surface of bone and aid in the remodeling process |
| tendon | Elastic connective tissue connecting muscle to bone |
| ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bones |
| meniscus | Semi-lunar shaped interarticular cartilage of the knee |
| bursa | Synovial fluid-filled sac, near to but not in the joint acting as cushions between muscles, tendons, and bone |
| Volkmann’s canals | Vascular channels carrying blood to the bone |
| articulation / joint | point of contact between two or more bones |
| synarthrodial | Joint classification where the immovable joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue |
| amphiarthrodial | Joint classification where the partially movable joints are held together by cartilage |
| diarthrodial | Joint classification with freely movable joint united by a fibrous capsule secreting synovial fluid for lubrication |
| gliding | Diarthrodial joint with sliding movement without angulation |
| hinge | Diarthrodial joint with flexion and extension |
| pivot | Diarthrodial joint with rotational movement around one axis |
| condyloid | Diarthrodial joint with movement in 2 directions at right angles to each other |
| ball and socket | Diarthrodial joint with the greatest range of motion with a ball shaped process that fits into a cup shaped socket |
| saddle | Diarthrodial joint with movement in 2 directions with adjoining concave and convex surfaces |
| sub- | under |
| ambi- | both |
| peri- | around |
| endo- | within, inner |
| inter- | between |
| supra- | above |
| infra- | below |
| dys- | painful, difficult |
| syn- | together |
| sym | together |
| ex- | our, away from |
| epi- | upon, over and above |
| meta- | change, beyond |
| dia- | through, between |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| dorsi- | back |
| poly- | many |
| in- | in, into |
| oste/o | bone |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| synovi/o | synovial membrane |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae |
| rachi/o | spinal |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lord/o | bend |
| lumb/o | loins |
| scoli/o | crooked or curved |
| petr/o | stone-like |
| lith/o | stone or calculus |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | pouch, sac |
| rheumatic/o | watery flow |
| styl/o | pole, stake |
| ankyl/o | stiffness |
| ten/o | tendon |
| orth/o | straight |
| sphen/o | wedge |
| ethm/o | sieve |
| acr/o | extremity |
| kines/i | movement |
| dactyl/o | finger or toe |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| cleid/o | clavicle |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -clasis | break |
| -physis | growth |
| -schisis | fissure |
| -trophy | development |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -algia | pain |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| -malacia | softening |
| -oma | tumor |
| -ectomy | excision |
| -otomy | incision |
| -porosis | pore, passage |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -blast | immature cell |
| -desis | binding |
| -rrhaphy | suture repair |
Created by:
barbarabenson
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