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Osteology,Arthrology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
processes or projections | extend beyond or project out from the main body of a bone |
facet | small, smooth-surfaced articular process |
hamulus | hook-shaped process |
head | expanded end of a long bone |
horn | hornlike process |
line | linear elevation; not as prominent as a crest |
malleolus | club-shaped process |
protuberance | projecting prominence |
spine | sharp process |
styloid | long, pointed process |
trochanter | either of the two large, rounded, and elevated processes of the proximal femur |
tubercle | small, rounded, and elevated process |
tuberosity | large, rounded, and elevated process |
depressions | hollow or depressed areas |
fissure | cleft or deep groove |
foramen | hole in a bone for transmission of vessels and nerves |
fossa | pit, fovea, or hollow space |
groove | shallow linear channel |
meatus | tubelike passageway |
notch | indentation in the border of a bone |
sinus | recess, groove, cavity, or hollow space |
sulcus | furrow or trench |
bone | The porous calcified substance from which bones are made |
ossification | Gradual replacement of cartilage by bone cells and calcium deposits |
collagen | Structural protein of all connective tissue ; It is relatively inelastic and resists stretching |
compact bone | Dense external layer of all bones |
cancellous bone | Inner lattice work of thin plates of bone filled with red bone marrow pattern |
trabeculae | Calcified intercellular matrix of the bone |
cartilage | Specialized type of avascular connective tissue at the articular ends of bone |
fontanel | Soft spot in the skull of newborn before compete bone formation occurs |
epiphysis | Center of long bone growth in a child |
metaphysis | Region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where the calcified matrix is replaced by bone |
periosteum | Membranous covering of bone rich in blood vessels and nerves |
red bone marrow | bone marrow of children and some adult bones required for the formation of red blood cells |
yellow bone marrow | Adipose cells in the diaphysis consisting of and scattered blood cells forming the chemical |
osteon | Functional unit of bone also known as the Haversian system |
haversian canals | Vascular channels running parallel to the long axis of bone |
canaliculi | Small channels connecting spaces between the bone layers |
lamellae | Interconnected sheets of bone surrounding the Haversian canal |
foramen | Opening in bones for the passage of blood or nerves and both |
lacunae | Interconnected openings in bone that house osteocytes |
osteocytes | Mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts |
osteoblasts | Bone forming cells that deposit calcium in the spaces vacated by cartilage to form bone matrix |
osteoclast | Bone cells that destroy the surface of bone and aid in the remodeling process |
tendon | Elastic connective tissue connecting muscle to bone |
ligament | Band of connective tissue that connects bones |
meniscus | Semi-lunar shaped interarticular cartilage of the knee |
bursa | Synovial fluid-filled sac, near to but not in the joint acting as cushions between muscles, tendons, and bone |
Volkmann’s canals | Vascular channels carrying blood to the bone |
articulation / joint | point of contact between two or more bones |
synarthrodial | Joint classification where the immovable joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue |
amphiarthrodial | Joint classification where the partially movable joints are held together by cartilage |
diarthrodial | Joint classification with freely movable joint united by a fibrous capsule secreting synovial fluid for lubrication |
gliding | Diarthrodial joint with sliding movement without angulation |
hinge | Diarthrodial joint with flexion and extension |
pivot | Diarthrodial joint with rotational movement around one axis |
condyloid | Diarthrodial joint with movement in 2 directions at right angles to each other |
ball and socket | Diarthrodial joint with the greatest range of motion with a ball shaped process that fits into a cup shaped socket |
saddle | Diarthrodial joint with movement in 2 directions with adjoining concave and convex surfaces |
sub- | under |
ambi- | both |
peri- | around |
endo- | within, inner |
inter- | between |
supra- | above |
infra- | below |
dys- | painful, difficult |
syn- | together |
sym | together |
ex- | our, away from |
epi- | upon, over and above |
meta- | change, beyond |
dia- | through, between |
ab- | away from |
ad- | toward |
dorsi- | back |
poly- | many |
in- | in, into |
oste/o | bone |
chondr/o | cartilage |
arthr/o | joint |
synovi/o | synovial membrane |
myel/o | bone marrow |
spondyl/o | vertebrae |
rachi/o | spinal |
kyph/o | hump |
lord/o | bend |
lumb/o | loins |
scoli/o | crooked or curved |
petr/o | stone-like |
lith/o | stone or calculus |
articul/o | joint |
burs/o | pouch, sac |
rheumatic/o | watery flow |
styl/o | pole, stake |
ankyl/o | stiffness |
ten/o | tendon |
orth/o | straight |
sphen/o | wedge |
ethm/o | sieve |
acr/o | extremity |
kines/i | movement |
dactyl/o | finger or toe |
sarc/o | flesh |
cleid/o | clavicle |
-itis | inflammation |
-clasis | break |
-physis | growth |
-schisis | fissure |
-trophy | development |
-tome | instrument to cut |
-pexy | surgical fixation |
-algia | pain |
-ptosis | drooping |
-malacia | softening |
-oma | tumor |
-ectomy | excision |
-otomy | incision |
-porosis | pore, passage |
-stenosis | narrowing |
-listhesis | slipping |
-blast | immature cell |
-desis | binding |
-rrhaphy | suture repair |