med sci exam 1 material
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| show | auricle, external auditory canal
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| functions of external structures | show 🗑
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| show | ossicles (malleolus, incus, stapes), tympanic membrane
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| middle ear functions | show 🗑
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| show | vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
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| inner ear structures function | show 🗑
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| show | odor identification, passage of air, humidification, warmth of air, resonance of laryngeal sounds
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| show | exposure to industrial or recreational noise, genetic disorders, autoimmune disorders, syphilis
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| show | ear pain
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| vertigo | show 🗑
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| show | pathology from the ear
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| show | pathology outside of the ear
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| common causes of primary otalgia | show 🗑
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| tinnitus | show 🗑
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| common causes of tinnitus | show 🗑
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| show | seniors, military personnel, musicians, people who work in loud environments
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| causes of peripheral vertigo | show 🗑
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| causes of central vertigo | show 🗑
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| causes of systemic vertigo | show 🗑
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| show | I feel myself turning
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| external vertigo patient description | show 🗑
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| general treatment of vertigo | show 🗑
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| show | benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
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| show | 50-70 yo
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| show | no significant negative sequelae (benign), episodic lasting seconds to minutes (paroxysmal), triggered by head motions (positional), generally external in description (vertigo)
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| show | empley maneuver & or home brandt-daroff exercises
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| show | vestibular neuritis
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| for vestibular neuritis : patients aged ___ | show 🗑
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| show | severe vertigo with nausea and oscillopsia, abnormal gait
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| treatment of vestibular neuritis | show 🗑
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| inner ear dysfunction caused by excessive endolymph fluid pressure | show 🗑
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| Ménière's disease: patient aged ___ | show 🗑
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| clinical diagnosis of Ménière's disease | show 🗑
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| show | lifestyle changes , vestibular rehab
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| show | conductive or sensorineural
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| problems transmitting sound and converting sound waves to mechanical vibrations | show 🗑
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| show | conductive
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| show | sensorineural
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| show | sensorineural
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| finger rub test | show 🗑
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| whispered voice test | show 🗑
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| direct question test | show 🗑
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| handheld audiometry test | show 🗑
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| show | 10 item, self-administered questionnaire measuring social and emotional handicap due to hearing impairment. score >8 is abnormal
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| tabletop manual audiometry test | show 🗑
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| rinne test | show 🗑
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| show | examiner strikes tuning fork and places on mid forehead
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| medical SCREAM stands for | show 🗑
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| sudden hearing loss description | show 🗑
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| cerumen impaction description | show 🗑
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| auditory rehab description | show 🗑
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| education description | show 🗑
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| show | technology to augment hearing, including over the counter assistive devices
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| show | evaluating and mitigating medications with ototoxicity
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| show | direct blow to ear, common sports injury
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| show | cauliflower ear
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| auricular hematoma treatment | show 🗑
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| foreign body of the pinna most commonly caused by | show 🗑
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| foreign body of EAC | show 🗑
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| show | repels water, antimicirobial activity, protective barrier. secreted in the distal 1/3 of EAC
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| show | decreased hearing, feeling of fullness in ear, otalgia, tinnitus
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| otitis externa is aka | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of EAC secondary to infection
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| otitis externa common causes | show 🗑
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| show | otalgia, pruritis, decreased hearing
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| treatment of otitis externa | show 🗑
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| risk factors for developing otitis externa | show 🗑
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| pressure within middle ear must ____ for TM to vibrate normally | show 🗑
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| Eustachian tube dysfunction | show 🗑
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| show | prolonged / difficulty overcoming differences in pressure between the middle ear and external environment
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| show | clogged feeling, otalgia, vertigo, hearing loss, perforation of TM, blood behind TM
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| show | flying, scuba diving, hyperbaric oxygen chamber use, skydiving, blast injuries
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| show | TEED scale
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| anything that causes nasal mucosa edema can cause | show 🗑
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| middle ear efflusion | show 🗑
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| diagnosis of middle ear efflusion | show 🗑
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| show | streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenza, viruses, moraxella catarrhalis
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| show | anything that causes ETD, immunodeficiency, lack of vaccination
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| the _____ the patient, the more likely to have a bacterial cause of acute otitis media | show 🗑
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| show | fussiness, poor oral intake, poor sleep, decreased hearing, fever, vomiting
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| show | middle ear efflusion >3 months
hearing loss > 30 dB or speech delay
recurring episodes of acute otitis media
(>3 episodes in 6mo, >4 episodes in 12 mo)
complications of acute otitis media
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| tympanic membrane perforation | show 🗑
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| causes of tympanic membrane perforation | show 🗑
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| acute mastoiditis | show 🗑
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| pathophysiology of acute mastoiditis | show 🗑
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| show | abscess formation, facial nerve paralysis, hearing loss, meningitis, osteomyelitis
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| clinical presentation of acute mastoiditis | show 🗑
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| common nose / sinus complaints | show 🗑
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| show | nosebleed
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| sinusitis | show 🗑
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| show | head and neck trauma
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| patients with __________ should be urgently referred | show 🗑
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| show | inflammatory, structural, traumatic, tumors, systemic
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| show | chronic siinnusitis, environmental irritants
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| show | septal deviation or perforation
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| traumatic epistaxis | show 🗑
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| epistaxis description | show 🗑
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| epistaxis divided into 2 categories | show 🗑
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| show | 90%
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| show | 10%
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| anterior epistaxis originates from | show 🗑
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| anterior epistaxis description | show 🗑
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| show | stepwise: compressive, directive, then topical and nasal packing
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| posterior epistaxis originates from | show 🗑
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| posterior epistaxis more common in | show 🗑
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| show | BILATERAL, profuse bleeding with significant amount of blood draining down posterior pharynx (patient usually admitted to hospital)
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| complications of epistaxis | show 🗑
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| epistaxis prevention | show 🗑
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| show | infectious, allergic, noninfectious / nonallergic
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| infectious rhinosinusitis | show 🗑
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| show | occupational, perennial, seasonal rhinitis
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| noninfectious / nonallergic rhinosinusitis | show 🗑
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| rhinitis | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of the lining of the paranasal sinus cavities
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| acute viral rhinosinusitis | show 🗑
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| show | sinus infection
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| acute infectious rhinosinusitis | show 🗑
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| use antibiotics for _____ only | show 🗑
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| laryngitis | show 🗑
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| pharyngitis | show 🗑
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| show | inflamed tonsils
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| show | enlargement of the tonsils
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| show | hoarseness
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| show | breathiness
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| show | vocal fatigue
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| show | laryngitis, benign vocal cord lesions, laryngeal cancer, neurological disease, vocal cord paralysis
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| show | inflammation of the larynx
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| causes of acute laryngitis | show 🗑
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| show | hoarseness, aphonia
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| show | vocal rest, humidifier, hydration, remove / treat underlying causes
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| most common viral causes of pharyngitis / tonsillitis | show 🗑
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| most common bacterial causes of pharyngitis / tonsillitis | show 🗑
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| show | sore throat, fever, erythematous, enlarged tonsils with or without exudate, lymphadenopathy
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| show | spread of rheumatic and local complications
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| show | Infection is most often asymptomatic, When symptomatic - Clinical syndrome of Infectious Mononucleosis (IM)
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| show | adolescents and young adults
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| show | typical is acute exudative pharyngitis / tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy. less common is splenomegaly
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| common complications of infectious mononucleosis | show 🗑
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| diagnosis of EBV infectious mononucleosis | show 🗑
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| strep throat is most common in patients aged | show 🗑
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| show | + fever, sore throat with exudative pharyngitis/ tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy
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| diagnosis of strep throat | show 🗑
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| show | atypical presentation of strep throat , delayed - type skin reactivity to pyrogenic exotoxin. diffuse, erythematous, 1-2 mm papular eruption that blanches with pressure. strawberry tongue
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| show | recurrent strep throat infections, peritonsillar abscess, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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| show | septic focus of the mandibular teeth, tonsils, parotid gland, deep cervical lymph nodes, middle ear, sinuses. uncommon since use of antibiotics
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| show | peritonsillar abscess, Ludwig's angina
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| peritonsillar abscess | show 🗑
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| presentation of peritonsillar abscess | show 🗑
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| show | CT scan
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| treatment of peritonsillar abscess | show 🗑
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| complications of peritonsillar abscess | show 🗑
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| Ludwig's angina | show 🗑
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| Ludwig's angina is commonly associated with | show 🗑
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| presentation of Ludwig's angina | show 🗑
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| treatment of Ludwig's angina | show 🗑
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