Chapter 51
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| The ______, ______ ______, and the _______ secrete hormones that regulate teh processes of ovulation, spermatogenesis, fertilization, and the formation and function of secondary sex characteristics | hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads
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| The hypothalamus secretes ______, which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ______ and ________ | GnRH, FSH, LH
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| The gonadal hormones are ________, _______, and _______. | estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
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| In women, FSH stimulates the growth and maturity of the ovarian follicles necessary for _______. | Ovulation
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| The mature follicle produces _______, which suppresses the release of ___. | estrogen, FSH
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| In men, FSH stimulates the seminiferous tubules to produce ______. | sperm
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| __ causes follicles to complete maturation and undergo ovulation, as well as the development of a ________ follicle. | LH, ruptured
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| The ruptured follicle developes into a ______ ______ | corpus luteum
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| The corpus luteum secretes _________. | progesterone
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| Progesterone maintains the rich vascular state of the _____ in preparation for fertilization and implantation. | uterus
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| In men, LH is responsible for the production of testosterone by the _______ cells of the testes, and is essential for the full maturation of _____. | interstitial, sperm
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| _______ and ______ are produced by the ovaries. | Estrogen and progesterone
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| Estrogen is essential to the development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics, the _________ phase of the menstrual cycle immediately after menstruation, and the ______ changes essential to pregnancy. | proliferative, uterine
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| Progesterone plays a role in the ________ phase of the menstrual cycle and is associated with bodily changes that occur during _______. | secretory, pregnancy
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| Name the three major functions of testosterone. | 1) the production and transportation of sperm, 2) deposition of sperm in the female reproductive tract, and 3) secretion of hormones
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| Circulating levels of gonadal hormones are controlled primarily by a _______ ______ process. | negative feedback
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| Receptors in the ______ and _______ are sensitive to high circulating blood levels of levels of androgens. | hypothalamus and pituitary
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| If testosterone levels are low in men, the ___________ secretes _____. | hypothalamus, GnRH
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| Secretion of GnRH stimulates the _______ ______ to secrete greater levels of _____ and ______. | anterior pituitary, GnRH, ICSH
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| In men, higher levels of GnRH and ICSH increase the production of __________. | testosterone
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| With regards to the negative feedback cycle in men, the high levels of testosterone stimulates a decrease in teh production of ____, and then ____ and ____. | GnRH, FSH, and ICSH
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| In women, circulatory levels of testosterone are controlled through a ____ and _____ feedback system. | positive and negative
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| The first episode of menstrual bleeding, indicating that a female has reached puberty is called __________. | menarche
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| Normal onset of menarche is ____ to ____ years of age. | 12-13
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| Menarche is marked by a decrease in the sensitivity of hypothalmic-pituitary axis, which increases ___ and __. | FSH, LH
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| During menarche, the increase of FSH and LH results in an increase of _______. | estrogen
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| Changes during menarche are related to the elevated levels of ________ and _______ secreted by the _______. | estrogen and progesterone; ovaries
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| Physical changes during menarche include the development of 1), 2), 3). | 1) breast buds 2) pubic hair 3) axillary hair
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| The menstrual cycle is a monthly process mediated by the hormonal activity of the _________, _________, and _______. | hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries
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| The endometrial cycle is divided into what three phases. | proliferative (follicular) secretory (luteal) menstrual (ischemic)
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| During menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels are _____, and FSH levels ______. | low; increase
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| During the follicular phase, a single follicle matures fully under teh stimulation of ____. | FSH
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| The mature follicle stimulates ________ production, causing a negative feedback with resulting decreased FSH. | estrogen
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| Complete follicular maturation and ovulation can only be complete in the presence of __. | LH
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| When estrogen levels peak, there is a surge of LH, which triggers _______ a day or two later. | ovulation
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| After ovulation, __ promotes the development of the ______ _______. | LH, corpus luteum
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| The fully developed corpus luteum continues to secrete _____ and initiates ______ secretion. | estrogen; progesterone
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| High levels of estrogen and progesterone continue to be secreted in the presence of __________, and decrease in the absence of it. | fertilization
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| During the follicular phase, as larger amounts of estrogen are produced, there is an increase in cellular growth, length of blood vessels, and glandular tissues in the ________ ______. | endometrial lining
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| The luteal, or ________ phase, begins with ________ and increased levels of progesterone. | secretory, ovulation
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| In the secretory phase, blood vessels begin to ____ and glandular tissues mature and secrete a glycogen rich substance and the glandular duct ________. | coil, dilates.
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| What is menapause? | The physiologic cessation of menses associated with declining ovarian functions.
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| What are the Masters & Johnsons phases of sexual response? | Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, and Resolution
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| Age related changes in men are 1) increased stimulation needed for ________, 2) force of ejaculation _______, 3) decreased ability to attain ________, 4) decreased ____ and _____ of penis at full erection, 5) decreased interest in ___. | 1) erection, 2) ejaculation, 3) erection, 4) size and rigidity, 5) sex.
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| Age related changes in women are: 1) decreased vaginal ______, 2) decreased sensitivity with shrinking _____ and _____ exposed, 3)difficulty in maintaining _______, 4) difficulty achieving ______, and 5) decreased interest in ___. | 1) secretions, 2)labia; clitoris, 3) arousal, 4) orgasm, 5) sex
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| What is the nurses role in promoting normalcy of sexual activity in older patients? | Nurses need to provide accurate and unbiased info about sexuality and age, emphasize the normalcy of sexual activity in adults, and counsel in necessary.
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| With regard to sexuality in the aging population, nurses need to elicit info relating to the ________ system b/c they are often considered personal and private. | reproductive
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| When asking questions about the reproductive system, the nurse needs to begin by obtaining the ______ sensitive information first, then move to asking about sexual ______ and ___. | least; practices and STDs
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| What is the subjective data that should be obtained from both sexes reproductive systems? | 1) Past health history, 2)Medications, 3) Functional health patterns
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| Information about past health history should include info about ______ and surgeries, infections involving ______ system, a woman's ______ history, man's history of ______, ________ during 1st trimester, and diabetes in men b/c of ED and ______ ejac. | Illnesses, reproductive,gynecologic, mumps, rubella, retrograde
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| Medication history should cover a list of ___ meds and _____ products, dosing, drug use history of ________ and _____ b/c they may contraindicate the use of contraceptives. | meds and herbal supplements, cholecystitis and hepatitis
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| Info about pt's functional health patterns includes health _______ (fam hist), ____-____ patterns, ____ pattern, activity-exercise pattern, sleep-rest pattern, cognitive, ____ perception,_____ relationship, ____-_____ pattern, stress, and ____ belief | perception, nutritional-metabolic, self, role, sexuality-reproductive, value
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| The spontaneous flow of milk is called | galactorrhea
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| Purulent | relating to puss.
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| Urine studies for the reproductive system are 1, 2, 3 | 1) hCG, 2) testosterone, 3) FSH assay
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| The hCG assay is used to detect _____ or ________ & __________. Nurse should obtain _____ history to rule in/out _____ | pregnancy, hydatidiform mole & chorioepithelioma, menstrual, pregnancy
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| Testosterone studies in the urine are used to detect _____ or _____. Nurse should instruct pt to obtain ____ hour sample and keep refrigerated | tumors or abnormalities, 24,
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| FSH assay indicates ______ failure because of pituitary dysfunction. | gonadal
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| The prolactin assay is used to detect _____ dysfunction that causes ________. It is the nurses responsibility to observe site for venipuncture or ________ formation. | pituitary; amenorrhea
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| The blood study PSA is used to detect ______ _____, as well as monitoring response to therapy. A normal finding is <_ng/ml | prostate cancer, 4
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| The serum hCG assay is used to ascertain whether elevated _______ are due to testicular, adrenal, ovarian dysfunction or _____ tumors | androgens; pituitary.
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| serum testosterone can also assess male ______ and tumors of the testicle or ovary. Range in males is __-___ng/dl | infertility; 300-1200
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| What drugs or conditions can interfere with serum hCG studies? | corticosteroids, barbituates, hypo or hyperthyroidism
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| Serum progesterone study is used to detect functioning _____ ____ cyst. | corpus luteum
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| Serum estridol study is used to measure ______ function and assess ______-secreting tumors. | ovarian, estrogen
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| In men, increased serum estradiol levels in men may indicate ________ tumors. | testicular
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| Serum FSH can detectgonadal failure adn validate ________ status | menopause
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| Venereal disease research lab (______________) testes for _______, and can be made w/in 1-2 week after primary lesion or ___-___ weeks after infection. | Flocculation, 4-15
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| The rapid plasma regain test tests for _______. | Syphilis
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| The normal range of serum hCG assay is <__m.U/mlin non-pregnant females and males | 5
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| The normal range of serum testsosterone levels is ____-____ng/fl (male) and ___-___ng/dl in females. | 300-1200; 25-90
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| Normal ranges for serum progesterone levels: Follicular phase: <__ng/dl Luteal phase: ___-____ng/dl Postmenopausal phase:<__ng/dl Males: __-__ng/dl | 50 200-2500 40 10-50
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| Normal ranges for serum FSH studies are: Follicular phase: _-__m.U/ml Midcycle:8-40 mlU/ml Luteal phase: _-__mlU/ml Postmenopaulas: __-___mlU/m Males: _-__mlU/ml | 2-15 8-40 2-15 50-250 2-15
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| When testing for syphilis, what test should be used after a positive result is determined from a serology test? | Flourescent treponemal antibody absorption test.
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| Gram stain smears are effective for the diagnosis of _______ | Chlamydia
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