Medical Terminology Final Review Definitions
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| the presence of bacteria in a sample of blood. | Bacteremia
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| an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood | Erythropenia
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| rupture of the red blood cell membrane. | Hemolysis
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| an abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood | Leukopenia
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| an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood | Polycythemia
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| another term for polycythemia | Erythrocytosis
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| another name for thrombopenia | Thrombocytopenia
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| lack of available iron to bind to hemoglobin causes: | Iron-deficiency anemia
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| anemia caused by defective hemoglobin within cells, resulting in misshapen (sickled) red blood cells that can cause obstructions in blood vessels. | Sickle cell anemia
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| a form of poisoning caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum | Botulism
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| leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells; also called swelling | Edema
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| a mass of blood outside of the blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body | Hematoma
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| a condition that is caused by a medical treatment | Iatrogenic disease
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| a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause. | Idiopathic disease
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| a form of cancer that originates from cells within the blood-forming tissue of the red marrow | Leukemia
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| communicable viral disease, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever, and fatigue | Mononucleosis
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| a systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood | Septicemia
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| another term for septicemia | Sepsis
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| a neurotoxic disease that causes severe pain, convulsions, and paralysis | Tetanus
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| the stoppage of bleeding | Hemostasis
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| surgical removal of the spleen | Splenectomy
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| treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot | Thrombolysis
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| another name for a blood clot | Thrombus
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| the inoculation of a culture that has reduced ability to cause infection, as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis | Vaccination
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| the primary symptom of an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart causing chest pain | Angina pectoris
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| pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat | Palpitation
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| an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall | Aneurysm
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| the long-term result of aortic insufficiency or MI | Congestive heart failure
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| a condition that develops when an artery wall becomes thickened and loses its elasticity, resulting in reduced flow of blood to tissues | Arteriosclerosis
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| a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which one or more fatty plaques form along the inner walls of arteries | Atherosclerosis
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| enlargement of the heart | Cardiomegaly
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| acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity | Cardiac tamponade
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| a gurgling sound detected during auscultation, due to valvular insufficiency | murmur
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| a general term for a disease that afflicts the coronary arteries supplying the heart | Coronary artery disease
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| a blood clot or foreign particle (including air or fat) that moves through the circulation | Embolism
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| inflammation of the endocardium. | Endocarditis
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| persistently high blood pressure | Hypertension
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| high blood pressure that is not related to a single cause | Essential hypertension
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| swollen, or varicose, veins in the anal region | Hemorrhoids
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| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease | Secondary hypertension
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| death of a portion of the myocardium; also known as a heart attack | Myocardial infarction
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| inflammation of the myocardium of the heart | Myocarditis
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| inflammation of the pericardium of the heart | Pericarditis
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| inflammation of a vein | Phlebitis
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| a diagnostic procedure that includes x-ray photography of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium | Angiography
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| the surgical repair of a blood vessel | Angioplasty
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| a procedure that obtains an x-ray image of an artery | Arteriography
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| an examination technique that involves listening to internal heart, lung, and circulatory sounds using a stethoscope | Auscultation
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| insertion of a narrow flexible tube through a coronary vessel into the heart | Cardiac catheterization
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| a battery-powered device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart | Cardiac pacemaker
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| a procedure in which an electric charge is applied to the chest wall in order to stop the heart conduction system momentarily, then restart it with a more normal heart rhythm | Defibrillation
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| a procedure that directs sound waves through the heart to evaluate heart function | Echocardiography
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| a portable device (electrocardiograph) worn by the patient to monitor electrical activity of the heart over 24-hour periods of time | Holter monitor
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| incision into a vein, usually to remove blood for sampling or donation | Phlebotomy
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| a device used to measure blood pressure, consisting of an arm cuff and air pressure pump with a mercury pressure gauge | Sphygmomanometer
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| joint pain | Arthralgia
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| reduced muscle size | Atrophy
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| abnormally slow movement | Bradykinesia
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| muscle pain | Myalgia
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| sign of abnormal muscle growth | Hypertrophy
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| inflammation and degeneration of a joint | Arthritis
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| an autoimmune disease in which joint structures become eroded by the action of the body’s own white blood cells | Rheumatoid arthritis
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| a common condition of aging in which joint structures become worn and gradually replaced by bone | Osteoarthritis
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| a condition characterized by inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure against the median nerve, resulting in local pain and restricted movement | Carpal tunnel syndrome
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| a disorder caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, causing sharp pain in the joints of the toes, especially the big toe | Gout
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| abnormal loss of bone density, resulting in a loss of posture and flexibility | Osteoporosis
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| a disorder in which the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions | Rickets
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| a procedure in which excess fluids are aspirated by suction through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint | Arthrocentesis
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| surgical removal of an intervertebral disk | Diskectomy
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| accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen | Ascites
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| difficulty swallowing | Dysphagia
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| bad breath | Halitosis
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| vomiting of blood | Hematemesis
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| backward flow of material in the digestive tract | Reflux
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| inflammation of the gallbladder | Cholecystitis
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| stones in the gallbladder | Cholelithiasis
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| small, abnormal out-pouchings on the wall of the colon | Diverticula
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| inflammation of the esophagus | Esophagitis
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| protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm and entering the thoracic cavity | Hiatal hernia
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| surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid | Abdominocentesis
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| a drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex | Antiemetic
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| surgical removal of a segment of the colon | Colectomy
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| clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces | Fecal occult blood test
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| endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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| endoscopic examination of the internal abdominal structures | Laparoscopy
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| endoscopic examination of the colon | Colonoscopy
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| cancer is treated by a specialized physician known as: | oncologist
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| the inability to breathe or inhale | Apnea
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| an abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm | Bradypnea
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| difficult breathing | Dyspnea
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| blood pooling within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs | Hemothorax
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| abnormally rapid breathing. | Hyperventilation
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| rapid breathing | Tachypnea
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| the ability to breathe only when standing upright | Orthopnea
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| collapse of the alveoli due to illness or injury, preventing air from entering; a collapsed lung | Atelectasis
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| a viral infectious disease, common among infants and young children, producing a characteristic hoarse cough | Croup
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| inflammation of the pharynx | Pharyngitis
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| a common form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers | Asbestosis
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| the abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity | Pneumothorax
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| a blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a mobile blood clot | Pulmonary embolism
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| a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (which consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx) | Upper respiratory infection
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| a device that measures oxygen levels in the blood | Oximeter
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| a device that measures exhaled air | Spirometer
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| a device that converts liquid medication to a mist and delivers it to the lungs | Nebulizer
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| a small handheld device (oximeter) that provides a digital readout of oxygen levels through noninvasive physical contact with a finger | Pulse oximeter
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| surgical puncture into the thoracic cavity to aspirate fluid | Thoracocentesis
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| the medical term for an artificial limb | Prosthesis
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