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MedTerminologyDefine
Medical Terminology Final Review Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the presence of bacteria in a sample of blood. | Bacteremia |
| an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood | Erythropenia |
| rupture of the red blood cell membrane. | Hemolysis |
| an abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood | Leukopenia |
| an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood | Polycythemia |
| another term for polycythemia | Erythrocytosis |
| another name for thrombopenia | Thrombocytopenia |
| lack of available iron to bind to hemoglobin causes: | Iron-deficiency anemia |
| anemia caused by defective hemoglobin within cells, resulting in misshapen (sickled) red blood cells that can cause obstructions in blood vessels. | Sickle cell anemia |
| a form of poisoning caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum | Botulism |
| leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells; also called swelling | Edema |
| a mass of blood outside of the blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body | Hematoma |
| a condition that is caused by a medical treatment | Iatrogenic disease |
| a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause. | Idiopathic disease |
| a form of cancer that originates from cells within the blood-forming tissue of the red marrow | Leukemia |
| communicable viral disease, caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever, and fatigue | Mononucleosis |
| a systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the circulating blood | Septicemia |
| another term for septicemia | Sepsis |
| a neurotoxic disease that causes severe pain, convulsions, and paralysis | Tetanus |
| the stoppage of bleeding | Hemostasis |
| surgical removal of the spleen | Splenectomy |
| treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot | Thrombolysis |
| another name for a blood clot | Thrombus |
| the inoculation of a culture that has reduced ability to cause infection, as a means of providing a cure or prophylaxis | Vaccination |
| the primary symptom of an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart causing chest pain | Angina pectoris |
| pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat | Palpitation |
| an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall | Aneurysm |
| the long-term result of aortic insufficiency or MI | Congestive heart failure |
| a condition that develops when an artery wall becomes thickened and loses its elasticity, resulting in reduced flow of blood to tissues | Arteriosclerosis |
| a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which one or more fatty plaques form along the inner walls of arteries | Atherosclerosis |
| enlargement of the heart | Cardiomegaly |
| acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity | Cardiac tamponade |
| a gurgling sound detected during auscultation, due to valvular insufficiency | murmur |
| a general term for a disease that afflicts the coronary arteries supplying the heart | Coronary artery disease |
| a blood clot or foreign particle (including air or fat) that moves through the circulation | Embolism |
| inflammation of the endocardium. | Endocarditis |
| persistently high blood pressure | Hypertension |
| high blood pressure that is not related to a single cause | Essential hypertension |
| swollen, or varicose, veins in the anal region | Hemorrhoids |
| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease | Secondary hypertension |
| death of a portion of the myocardium; also known as a heart attack | Myocardial infarction |
| inflammation of the myocardium of the heart | Myocarditis |
| inflammation of the pericardium of the heart | Pericarditis |
| inflammation of a vein | Phlebitis |
| a diagnostic procedure that includes x-ray photography of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium | Angiography |
| the surgical repair of a blood vessel | Angioplasty |
| a procedure that obtains an x-ray image of an artery | Arteriography |
| an examination technique that involves listening to internal heart, lung, and circulatory sounds using a stethoscope | Auscultation |
| insertion of a narrow flexible tube through a coronary vessel into the heart | Cardiac catheterization |
| a battery-powered device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart | Cardiac pacemaker |
| a procedure in which an electric charge is applied to the chest wall in order to stop the heart conduction system momentarily, then restart it with a more normal heart rhythm | Defibrillation |
| a procedure that directs sound waves through the heart to evaluate heart function | Echocardiography |
| a portable device (electrocardiograph) worn by the patient to monitor electrical activity of the heart over 24-hour periods of time | Holter monitor |
| incision into a vein, usually to remove blood for sampling or donation | Phlebotomy |
| a device used to measure blood pressure, consisting of an arm cuff and air pressure pump with a mercury pressure gauge | Sphygmomanometer |
| joint pain | Arthralgia |
| reduced muscle size | Atrophy |
| abnormally slow movement | Bradykinesia |
| muscle pain | Myalgia |
| sign of abnormal muscle growth | Hypertrophy |
| inflammation and degeneration of a joint | Arthritis |
| an autoimmune disease in which joint structures become eroded by the action of the body’s own white blood cells | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| a common condition of aging in which joint structures become worn and gradually replaced by bone | Osteoarthritis |
| a condition characterized by inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure against the median nerve, resulting in local pain and restricted movement | Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| a disorder caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, causing sharp pain in the joints of the toes, especially the big toe | Gout |
| abnormal loss of bone density, resulting in a loss of posture and flexibility | Osteoporosis |
| a disorder in which the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions | Rickets |
| a procedure in which excess fluids are aspirated by suction through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint | Arthrocentesis |
| surgical removal of an intervertebral disk | Diskectomy |
| accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity that produces an enlarged abdomen | Ascites |
| difficulty swallowing | Dysphagia |
| bad breath | Halitosis |
| vomiting of blood | Hematemesis |
| backward flow of material in the digestive tract | Reflux |
| inflammation of the gallbladder | Cholecystitis |
| stones in the gallbladder | Cholelithiasis |
| small, abnormal out-pouchings on the wall of the colon | Diverticula |
| inflammation of the esophagus | Esophagitis |
| protrusion of the cardiac portion of the stomach through the hiatus of the diaphragm and entering the thoracic cavity | Hiatal hernia |
| surgical puncture through the abdominal wall to remove fluid | Abdominocentesis |
| a drug that prevents or stops the vomiting reflex | Antiemetic |
| surgical removal of a segment of the colon | Colectomy |
| clinical lab test performed to detect blood in the feces | Fecal occult blood test |
| endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| endoscopic examination of the internal abdominal structures | Laparoscopy |
| endoscopic examination of the colon | Colonoscopy |
| cancer is treated by a specialized physician known as: | oncologist |
| the inability to breathe or inhale | Apnea |
| an abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm | Bradypnea |
| difficult breathing | Dyspnea |
| blood pooling within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs | Hemothorax |
| abnormally rapid breathing. | Hyperventilation |
| rapid breathing | Tachypnea |
| the ability to breathe only when standing upright | Orthopnea |
| collapse of the alveoli due to illness or injury, preventing air from entering; a collapsed lung | Atelectasis |
| a viral infectious disease, common among infants and young children, producing a characteristic hoarse cough | Croup |
| inflammation of the pharynx | Pharyngitis |
| a common form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers | Asbestosis |
| the abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity | Pneumothorax |
| a blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a mobile blood clot | Pulmonary embolism |
| a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (which consists of the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx) | Upper respiratory infection |
| a device that measures oxygen levels in the blood | Oximeter |
| a device that measures exhaled air | Spirometer |
| a device that converts liquid medication to a mist and delivers it to the lungs | Nebulizer |
| a small handheld device (oximeter) that provides a digital readout of oxygen levels through noninvasive physical contact with a finger | Pulse oximeter |
| surgical puncture into the thoracic cavity to aspirate fluid | Thoracocentesis |
| the medical term for an artificial limb | Prosthesis |
Created by:
bismark
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