The Urinary System
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| steroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex that regulates rate of sodium absorption from renal tubules | aldosterone
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| component of reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, formed from interaction of renin with angiotensinogen | angiotensin
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| enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II | angiotensin-converting enzyme
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| blood protein converted to angiotensin I by renin secreted by the kidneys | angiotensinogen
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| accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity | ascites
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| cuplike expanded end of nephron that surrounds the tuft of glomerular capillaries | Bowman's capsule
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| stone formed within the body, as in kidney or gallbladder | calculus
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| test of renal function that measures ability of kidneys to remove/clear a substance from the blood & excrete it in the urine | clearance test
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| waster product derived from breakdown of a compound present in muscle (phosphocreatine) that is excreted in the urine | creatinine
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| inflammation of the bladder | cystitis
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| humoral substance made by kidneys that regulates hematopoiesis | erythropoietin
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| thin membrane covering filtration slit between pedicels of podocytes that cover the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys | filtration membrane
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| narrow spaces between pedicels of podocytes that cover glomerular capillaries of kidneys | filtration slits
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| highly branches cytoplasmic processes of podocytes covering glomerular capillaries of kidneys | foot processes
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| inflammation of glomeruli caused by either antigen-antibody complexes trapped in glomeruli, or by antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies | glomerulonephritis
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| diffuse & nodular thickening of glomerular basement membranes, a common occurrence in patients with long-standing diabetes | glomerulosclerosis
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| disorder of nucleoprotein metabolism characterized by elevated uric acid & deposition of uric acid in & around joints. | gout
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| dialysis procedure by which waste products are removed from the blood of patients in chronic renal failure, usually by means of an artificial kidney machine | hemodialysis
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| dilation of urinary drainage tract proximal to site of an obstruction | hydronephrosis
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| accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity | hydrothorax
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| dilation of ureter 2ndary to obstruction of urinary drainage system, often associated with coexisting dilatation of renal pelvis & calyces | hydroureter
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| specialized group of cells at the vascular pole of the glomerulus that regulates blood flow through the glomerulus of kidneys | juxtaglomerular apparatus
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| modified connective-tissue cells at vascular pole of glomerulus that hold capillary tuft together | mesangial cell
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| glomerulus & renal tubule | nephron
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| thickening & narrowing of afferent glomerular arterioles as a result of disease | nephrosclerosis
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| generalized edema resulting from excessive protein loss in urine, caused by various types of renal disease | nephrotic syndrome
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| one of the small terminal processes of podocytes that cover glomerular capillaries | pedicel
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| wavelike contractions of the wall of alimentary tract that propel contents through the bowel | peristalsis
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| bacterial infection of kidney & renal pelvis | pyelonephritis
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| intense flank pain radiating into groin, resulting from passage of a renal calculus into the ureter | renal colic
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| humoral substance secreted by kidneys in response to fall in blood pressure, blood volume or sodium concentration | renin
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| method for removing stones from urinary tract by breaking them into small bits that can be excreted in the urine | shock wave lithotripsy
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| large renal calculus that has adopted configuration of renal pelvis & calyces where it formed | staghorn calculus
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| kidney damage caused by precipitation of urate crystals within kidney tubules of person with gout | urate nephropathy
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| nitrogen waste product derived from protein metabolism & excreted in the urine | urea
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| excess of urea & other waste products in blood, resulting from renal failure | uremia
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| commonly performed chemical & microscopic analysis of the urine | urinalysis
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| retrograde flow of urine from bladders into ureter during voiding | vesicoureteral reflux
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| there are approximately 1,000,000 __ in one kidney | nephrons
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| renal agenesis, formation of extra ureters and renal pelvis, & malpositioned kidneys are all | common congenital malformations
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| acute glomerulonephritis developing after a streptococcal infection results from | a bacterial infection of the glomeruli
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| commonly accompanied by severe edema, ascites, or hydrothorax | nephrotic syndrome
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| enlarging cysts within the kidneys eventually destroy kidney function, kidneys become greatly enlarged, most cases are caused by a mutation of PKD1, & may be complicated by infection or bleeding in kidney cysts | congenital polycystic kidney disease
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| is a waste product excreted by the kidney & concentration of urea in the blood is elevated in patients with renal failure | urea
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| diabetes mellitus, gout, & lupus erythematosus can potentially | damage the kidneys
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| kidneys are damaged by decreased blood supply caused by thickening of the lumens in | Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis
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| large volume of urine, acidity of urine, & complete evacuation of the bladder all defend naturally against | urinary tract infections
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| chronic recurring scarring is the primary danger of | pyelonephritis
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| surgical extraction, percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy, & extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) are all modern methods of | removing calculi from the kidneys
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| 0.9 is the proportion of ___ kidneys surviving for longer than 5 years | transplanted
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| can be self-administered, constantly filters the blood, & less disruption of lifestyles are all advantages of | peritoneal dialysis
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| Edema, anemia, weakness & nausea are all symptoms of | chronic uremia
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| urinalysis, clearance tests, x-ray exams, & cytoscopy are all common forms of detecting | kidney disorders
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| chronic diffuse and nodular glomerulosclerosis with nephrosclerosis | diabetic nephropathy
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| diabetic nephropathy is common in patients' with long-standing | diabetes mellitus
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| urea is a waste product of | protein metabolism
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| uremia would be found in a patient with | advanced renal failure
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| glomerulonephritis is caused by immunologic | glomerular injury
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| pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection involving the | kidney & renal pelvis
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| nephritic syndrome is the same as | glomerulonephritis
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| nephrosclerosis is the thickening and narrowing of | glomerular arterioles
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| stasis of urine, an infection, &/or, stones predispose a person for a | urinary tract infection
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Created by:
lfrancois
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