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Concept Dis. Ch.19
The Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| steroid hormone produced by adrenal cortex that regulates rate of sodium absorption from renal tubules | aldosterone |
| component of reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, formed from interaction of renin with angiotensinogen | angiotensin |
| enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| blood protein converted to angiotensin I by renin secreted by the kidneys | angiotensinogen |
| accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity | ascites |
| cuplike expanded end of nephron that surrounds the tuft of glomerular capillaries | Bowman's capsule |
| stone formed within the body, as in kidney or gallbladder | calculus |
| test of renal function that measures ability of kidneys to remove/clear a substance from the blood & excrete it in the urine | clearance test |
| waster product derived from breakdown of a compound present in muscle (phosphocreatine) that is excreted in the urine | creatinine |
| inflammation of the bladder | cystitis |
| humoral substance made by kidneys that regulates hematopoiesis | erythropoietin |
| thin membrane covering filtration slit between pedicels of podocytes that cover the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys | filtration membrane |
| narrow spaces between pedicels of podocytes that cover glomerular capillaries of kidneys | filtration slits |
| highly branches cytoplasmic processes of podocytes covering glomerular capillaries of kidneys | foot processes |
| inflammation of glomeruli caused by either antigen-antibody complexes trapped in glomeruli, or by antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies | glomerulonephritis |
| diffuse & nodular thickening of glomerular basement membranes, a common occurrence in patients with long-standing diabetes | glomerulosclerosis |
| disorder of nucleoprotein metabolism characterized by elevated uric acid & deposition of uric acid in & around joints. | gout |
| dialysis procedure by which waste products are removed from the blood of patients in chronic renal failure, usually by means of an artificial kidney machine | hemodialysis |
| dilation of urinary drainage tract proximal to site of an obstruction | hydronephrosis |
| accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity | hydrothorax |
| dilation of ureter 2ndary to obstruction of urinary drainage system, often associated with coexisting dilatation of renal pelvis & calyces | hydroureter |
| specialized group of cells at the vascular pole of the glomerulus that regulates blood flow through the glomerulus of kidneys | juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| modified connective-tissue cells at vascular pole of glomerulus that hold capillary tuft together | mesangial cell |
| glomerulus & renal tubule | nephron |
| thickening & narrowing of afferent glomerular arterioles as a result of disease | nephrosclerosis |
| generalized edema resulting from excessive protein loss in urine, caused by various types of renal disease | nephrotic syndrome |
| one of the small terminal processes of podocytes that cover glomerular capillaries | pedicel |
| wavelike contractions of the wall of alimentary tract that propel contents through the bowel | peristalsis |
| bacterial infection of kidney & renal pelvis | pyelonephritis |
| intense flank pain radiating into groin, resulting from passage of a renal calculus into the ureter | renal colic |
| humoral substance secreted by kidneys in response to fall in blood pressure, blood volume or sodium concentration | renin |
| method for removing stones from urinary tract by breaking them into small bits that can be excreted in the urine | shock wave lithotripsy |
| large renal calculus that has adopted configuration of renal pelvis & calyces where it formed | staghorn calculus |
| kidney damage caused by precipitation of urate crystals within kidney tubules of person with gout | urate nephropathy |
| nitrogen waste product derived from protein metabolism & excreted in the urine | urea |
| excess of urea & other waste products in blood, resulting from renal failure | uremia |
| commonly performed chemical & microscopic analysis of the urine | urinalysis |
| retrograde flow of urine from bladders into ureter during voiding | vesicoureteral reflux |
| there are approximately 1,000,000 __ in one kidney | nephrons |
| renal agenesis, formation of extra ureters and renal pelvis, & malpositioned kidneys are all | common congenital malformations |
| acute glomerulonephritis developing after a streptococcal infection results from | a bacterial infection of the glomeruli |
| commonly accompanied by severe edema, ascites, or hydrothorax | nephrotic syndrome |
| enlarging cysts within the kidneys eventually destroy kidney function, kidneys become greatly enlarged, most cases are caused by a mutation of PKD1, & may be complicated by infection or bleeding in kidney cysts | congenital polycystic kidney disease |
| is a waste product excreted by the kidney & concentration of urea in the blood is elevated in patients with renal failure | urea |
| diabetes mellitus, gout, & lupus erythematosus can potentially | damage the kidneys |
| kidneys are damaged by decreased blood supply caused by thickening of the lumens in | Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis |
| large volume of urine, acidity of urine, & complete evacuation of the bladder all defend naturally against | urinary tract infections |
| chronic recurring scarring is the primary danger of | pyelonephritis |
| surgical extraction, percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy, & extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) are all modern methods of | removing calculi from the kidneys |
| 0.9 is the proportion of ___ kidneys surviving for longer than 5 years | transplanted |
| can be self-administered, constantly filters the blood, & less disruption of lifestyles are all advantages of | peritoneal dialysis |
| Edema, anemia, weakness & nausea are all symptoms of | chronic uremia |
| urinalysis, clearance tests, x-ray exams, & cytoscopy are all common forms of detecting | kidney disorders |
| chronic diffuse and nodular glomerulosclerosis with nephrosclerosis | diabetic nephropathy |
| diabetic nephropathy is common in patients' with long-standing | diabetes mellitus |
| urea is a waste product of | protein metabolism |
| uremia would be found in a patient with | advanced renal failure |
| glomerulonephritis is caused by immunologic | glomerular injury |
| pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection involving the | kidney & renal pelvis |
| nephritic syndrome is the same as | glomerulonephritis |
| nephrosclerosis is the thickening and narrowing of | glomerular arterioles |
| stasis of urine, an infection, &/or, stones predispose a person for a | urinary tract infection |
Created by:
lfrancois
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