final patho
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| Genomics | Study of stricture, function, and analysis of human genome
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| Epigenetics | External modification of DNA
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| Epigenomics | Chemical compounds that instruct where and when genes are expressed
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| Genome | all humans 99.9% identical
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| Genomics | study of entire genome vs disease and disorder mechanism
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| Benign tumor | non-cancerous, slow growth, well defined, don't spread (non-invasive)
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| Neoplasm | abnormal growth
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| Apoptosis | destruction of cells
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| Oncogenes | cancer causing genes
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| Hyperplasia | increased cell number
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| Atrophy | shrinking in cell size
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| Metaplasia | cell changes form; less likely to lead to cancer
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| Hypertrophy | increase in cell size
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| Dysplasia | abnormal development of cells; more likely to lead to cancer
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| Proto-oncogenes | normal cell genes responsible for normal growth and division
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| Tumor suppressor genes | suppress tumors
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| DNA repair genes | repairs DNA and errors during replication
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| Caretaker genes | repairs damaged DNA
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| Telomeres | protective caps on ends of chromosome (cancer removes these)
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| Neovascualrization | growth of new vessels
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| Tumor-associated macrohpages | key cell that promotes tumor survival
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| Tumor markers | substance expressed by tumors or normal tissue in response to tumor
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| Paraneoplastic syndrome | caused when a tumor marker expresses itself
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| Cachexia | shivering
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| Carcinoma in situ | has not spread
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| Ischemia | Lack of profusion
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| Infarction | Tissue death
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| autosomal | Everything other than X and Y
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| Hemophilia | blood disorder (clotting effect)
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