LOM Chapter 10 Vocabulary
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| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of some nerve cells.
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| Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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| Astrocyte | a type of glial cell; transports water and salts from capillaries.
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| Autonomic nervous system | nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.
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| Axon | microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.
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| Blood-brain barrier | blood vessels that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out.
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| Brainstem | lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
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| Cauda equine | collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.
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| Cerebellum | part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.
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| Cerebral cortex | outer region of the cerebrum.
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| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.
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| Cerebrum | largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory.
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| Dendrite | microscpic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.
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| Dura mater | thick, outermost later of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord.
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| Ependymal cell | cell that lines the fluid-filled sacs of the brain and spinal cord.
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| Ganglion | a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
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| Glial dells | astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendroglia. Supportive and connective cells that do not carry impulses.
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| Gyrus | sheets of nerve cells that produce elevation in the surface of the cerebral cortex.
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| Hypothalamus | portion of the brain beneath the thalamus, controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland.
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| Medulla oblongata | part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels.
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| Meninges | three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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| Microglial cell | one type of glial cell, phagocyte.
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| Myelin sheath | fatty tissue that surrounds, protects, and insulates the axon of a nerve cell.
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| Neurotransmitter | chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell.
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| Oligodendroglial cell | glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons.
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| Parasympathetic nerves | involuntary, autonomic nerves that help regulate body functions like heart rate and respiration.
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| Parenchyma | essential, distinguishing cells of an organ.
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| Pia mater | thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges.
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| Plexus | large, interlacing network of nerves.
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| Pons | part of the brainstem that is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain.
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| Stroma | connective and supportive tissue of an organ.
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| Sulcus | depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex.
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| Sympathetic nerves | autonomic nerves that influence body functions involuntarily in times of stress.
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| Thalamus | main relay center of the brain.
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| Ventricles of the brain | reservoirs in the interior of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.
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| Cerebello | cerebellum
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| Cerebro | cerebrum
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| Duro | dura mater
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| Encephal | brain
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| Glio | glial cells
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| Lepto | thin, slender
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| Meningo | membranes, meninges
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| Meningio | membranes, meninges
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| Myo | muscle
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| Myelo | spinal cord
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| Neuro | nerve
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| Ponto | pons
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| Radiculo | nerve root
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| Thalamo | thalamus
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| Theco | sheath
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| Vago | vagus nerve
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| Algeso | excessive sensitivity to pain
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| Algia | pain
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| Causo | burning
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| Comato | deep sleep
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| Esthesio | feeling, nervous sensation
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| Kineso | movement
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| Kinesis | movement
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| Kinetic | movement
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| Lepsy | seizure
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| Lexo | word, phrase
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| Paresis | slight paralysis
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| Phasia | speech
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| Plegia | paralysis
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| Praxia | action
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| Sthenia | strength
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| Syncope | to cut off, cut short
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| Taxo | order, coordination
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