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MedTerm Chap 10
LOM Chapter 10 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of some nerve cells. |
| Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
| Astrocyte | a type of glial cell; transports water and salts from capillaries. |
| Autonomic nervous system | nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs. |
| Axon | microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell. |
| Blood-brain barrier | blood vessels that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out. |
| Brainstem | lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. |
| Cauda equine | collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord. |
| Cerebellum | part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance. |
| Cerebral cortex | outer region of the cerebrum. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord. |
| Cerebrum | largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory. |
| Dendrite | microscpic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse. |
| Dura mater | thick, outermost later of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. |
| Ependymal cell | cell that lines the fluid-filled sacs of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Ganglion | a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. |
| Glial dells | astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendroglia. Supportive and connective cells that do not carry impulses. |
| Gyrus | sheets of nerve cells that produce elevation in the surface of the cerebral cortex. |
| Hypothalamus | portion of the brain beneath the thalamus, controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland. |
| Medulla oblongata | part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels. |
| Meninges | three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
| Microglial cell | one type of glial cell, phagocyte. |
| Myelin sheath | fatty tissue that surrounds, protects, and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. |
| Neurotransmitter | chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. |
| Oligodendroglial cell | glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. |
| Parasympathetic nerves | involuntary, autonomic nerves that help regulate body functions like heart rate and respiration. |
| Parenchyma | essential, distinguishing cells of an organ. |
| Pia mater | thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges. |
| Plexus | large, interlacing network of nerves. |
| Pons | part of the brainstem that is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain. |
| Stroma | connective and supportive tissue of an organ. |
| Sulcus | depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex. |
| Sympathetic nerves | autonomic nerves that influence body functions involuntarily in times of stress. |
| Thalamus | main relay center of the brain. |
| Ventricles of the brain | reservoirs in the interior of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Cerebello | cerebellum |
| Cerebro | cerebrum |
| Duro | dura mater |
| Encephal | brain |
| Glio | glial cells |
| Lepto | thin, slender |
| Meningo | membranes, meninges |
| Meningio | membranes, meninges |
| Myo | muscle |
| Myelo | spinal cord |
| Neuro | nerve |
| Ponto | pons |
| Radiculo | nerve root |
| Thalamo | thalamus |
| Theco | sheath |
| Vago | vagus nerve |
| Algeso | excessive sensitivity to pain |
| Algia | pain |
| Causo | burning |
| Comato | deep sleep |
| Esthesio | feeling, nervous sensation |
| Kineso | movement |
| Kinesis | movement |
| Kinetic | movement |
| Lepsy | seizure |
| Lexo | word, phrase |
| Paresis | slight paralysis |
| Phasia | speech |
| Plegia | paralysis |
| Praxia | action |
| Sthenia | strength |
| Syncope | to cut off, cut short |
| Taxo | order, coordination |
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