Skeletal tissues, bones, bone markings, joints
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| Condyle | Rounded bump; usually fits into a fossa on another bone forming a joint
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| Crest | Moderately raised ridge
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| joint | junction between two or more bones; articulation
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| List three primary joint classifications | Fibrous, Cartilaginous, synovial
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| Sutures | immovable joints between skull bones
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| Manubrium | flaring upper part of sternum
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| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae above coccyx
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| Costal Cartilage | attaches ribs to sternum
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| Olecranon Process | Elbow
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| Scapula | shoulder blades
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| Clavicle | collar bone
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| Humerus | long bone of upper arm
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| radius | bone of thumb side of forearm
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| ulna | bone of little finger side of forearm
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| carpals | wrist bones
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| metacarpals | long bones forming framework of palm of hand
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| Phalanges | finger bones
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| Body of vertebrae | main part; flat round mass; weight bearing part of vertebra
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| Condyles of femur | large rounded bulges at distal (bottom) end of femur; one medial (towards middle of body) and one lateral
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| Iliac crest | upper curving boundry of ilium/hip
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| Superior ramus of pubis | curved portion below hip socket and above orburator foramen
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| acetabulum | hip socket
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| greater trochanter of femur | large bump for muscle attatchment inferior and lateral from head
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| Lesser trochanter of femur | bump for muscle attatchment located inferiorly (down) and medially (towards middle of body) to greater tronchanter
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| xiphoid process | lower tip of sternum
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| Pubis | connects the two sides of the hips
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| sesamoid bones | small flat round bones found in tendons in which high pressure develops
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| atlas | C1 verterbra, first cervical vertebrae
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| axis | C2, second cervial vertebrae
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| troclea | projection with deep depression through the center similar to shape of pulley ( on bottom end of humerus and rests on ulna)
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| capitulum | radial head of humerus; rounded nob below lateral epicondyle ( lower end of humerus across form troclea and rests on radius)
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| Fibrous Joints | Syndesmoses, Sutures, Gomphoses
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| Gomphoses | Fibrous connective tissue connects roots of teeth to alveolar process
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| Cartilaginous joints | Synchondroses, Symphyses
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| Synchondroses | hyaline cartilage connects articulating bones like the coastal cartialge or epiphyseal plate
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| Symphyses | Fibrocartilage between articulating bones like the symphysis pubis ot joints between bodies of vertebrae
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| Classification of Synovial Joints | Uniaxial, Biaxial, Multiaxial
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| Uniaxial joints | around one axis in one plane
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| Types of uniaxial joints | Hinge, Pivot
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| Biaxial Joint | Around two axis perpendicular to each other
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| Types of Biaxial Joint | Saddle, Condyloid
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| Multiaxial Joint | around many axes
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| Examples of multiaxial joint | ball and socket, gliding
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| Hinge Joint | Spool shaped process fits into concave socket Ex. elbow joint
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| Pivot Joint | arch-shaped process fits around peglike process Ex. joint between first and second cervical vertebrae
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| Saddle Joint | saddle shaped bone fits into socket that is concave-covex-concave Ex. thumb joint between first metacarpsal and carpal bone
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| Condyloid joint | Oval condyle fits into eliptical socket Ex. joint between radius and carpal bones
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| Ball and Socket joint | ball shaped process fits into concave socket Ex. shoulder joint and hip
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| Gliding joint | relativly flat articulating surfaces Ex. joints between articulating facets of adjacent vertebrae, joint between carpal and tarsal bones
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| Supination | circular movement; movement turns hand palm side up (Like Soup-a nate How you would hold a bowl of soup in your palm)
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| Pronation | falls under circular movement; turns the palm of the hand down
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| Abduction | Angular movement; moves a part away from the median plane of the body
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| Adduction | Angular movement; moves a part towards the median plane
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| Rotation | circular movement; bone pivoting on its axis Ex. moving head in "no" motion
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| Circumduction | circular movement; moves a part so that its distal end moves in a circle Ex. pitcher wind up to throw a ball
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| Types of synovial joint movement | angular, circular, gliding, special
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| flexion | angular movment; decreases angle between bones Ex. bend head forward toward chest
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| Extension | angular movement; increase angle between bones Ex. stretching movements
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| Hyperextension | angular movement; stretching part beyond its anatomicla position
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| Plantar flexion | angular movement; occurs when foot is stretched down and back
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| Dorsiflexion | Angular movement; occurs when foot is tilted upwards
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| Inversion | special movement; turns the sole of the foot inward
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| eversion | special movement; turns sole of foot outward
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| Protraction | special movement; moves a part foward Ex. sticking out jaw
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| Retraction | special movement; moves part back Ex. pulling jaw back
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| Elevation | special movement; moves part up Ex. Closing mouth
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| Depression | special movement; lowers a part
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| Primary Ossification Center | where a blood vessel enters the cartilage of a developing bone at the midpoint of the diaphysis to initiate bone formation
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| Secondary ossification center | growth center located in the epiphyses of long bones
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| Carpal bones | Pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
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| Bone fracture and repair | fracture-formation of hematoma-formation of callus-callus replaced with bone tissue
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| Types of Cartilage | Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
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| Most common type of cartilage | Hyaline
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| Intermembranous ossification | process by which flat bones are formed within connective tissue
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| endochondral ossification | process by which bones are formed by replacement of cartilage models
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