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Skeletal
Skeletal tissues, bones, bone markings, joints
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Condyle | Rounded bump; usually fits into a fossa on another bone forming a joint |
| Crest | Moderately raised ridge |
| joint | junction between two or more bones; articulation |
| List three primary joint classifications | Fibrous, Cartilaginous, synovial |
| Sutures | immovable joints between skull bones |
| Manubrium | flaring upper part of sternum |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae above coccyx |
| Costal Cartilage | attaches ribs to sternum |
| Olecranon Process | Elbow |
| Scapula | shoulder blades |
| Clavicle | collar bone |
| Humerus | long bone of upper arm |
| radius | bone of thumb side of forearm |
| ulna | bone of little finger side of forearm |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| metacarpals | long bones forming framework of palm of hand |
| Phalanges | finger bones |
| Body of vertebrae | main part; flat round mass; weight bearing part of vertebra |
| Condyles of femur | large rounded bulges at distal (bottom) end of femur; one medial (towards middle of body) and one lateral |
| Iliac crest | upper curving boundry of ilium/hip |
| Superior ramus of pubis | curved portion below hip socket and above orburator foramen |
| acetabulum | hip socket |
| greater trochanter of femur | large bump for muscle attatchment inferior and lateral from head |
| Lesser trochanter of femur | bump for muscle attatchment located inferiorly (down) and medially (towards middle of body) to greater tronchanter |
| xiphoid process | lower tip of sternum |
| Pubis | connects the two sides of the hips |
| sesamoid bones | small flat round bones found in tendons in which high pressure develops |
| atlas | C1 verterbra, first cervical vertebrae |
| axis | C2, second cervial vertebrae |
| troclea | projection with deep depression through the center similar to shape of pulley ( on bottom end of humerus and rests on ulna) |
| capitulum | radial head of humerus; rounded nob below lateral epicondyle ( lower end of humerus across form troclea and rests on radius) |
| Fibrous Joints | Syndesmoses, Sutures, Gomphoses |
| Gomphoses | Fibrous connective tissue connects roots of teeth to alveolar process |
| Cartilaginous joints | Synchondroses, Symphyses |
| Synchondroses | hyaline cartilage connects articulating bones like the coastal cartialge or epiphyseal plate |
| Symphyses | Fibrocartilage between articulating bones like the symphysis pubis ot joints between bodies of vertebrae |
| Classification of Synovial Joints | Uniaxial, Biaxial, Multiaxial |
| Uniaxial joints | around one axis in one plane |
| Types of uniaxial joints | Hinge, Pivot |
| Biaxial Joint | Around two axis perpendicular to each other |
| Types of Biaxial Joint | Saddle, Condyloid |
| Multiaxial Joint | around many axes |
| Examples of multiaxial joint | ball and socket, gliding |
| Hinge Joint | Spool shaped process fits into concave socket Ex. elbow joint |
| Pivot Joint | arch-shaped process fits around peglike process Ex. joint between first and second cervical vertebrae |
| Saddle Joint | saddle shaped bone fits into socket that is concave-covex-concave Ex. thumb joint between first metacarpsal and carpal bone |
| Condyloid joint | Oval condyle fits into eliptical socket Ex. joint between radius and carpal bones |
| Ball and Socket joint | ball shaped process fits into concave socket Ex. shoulder joint and hip |
| Gliding joint | relativly flat articulating surfaces Ex. joints between articulating facets of adjacent vertebrae, joint between carpal and tarsal bones |
| Supination | circular movement; movement turns hand palm side up (Like Soup-a nate How you would hold a bowl of soup in your palm) |
| Pronation | falls under circular movement; turns the palm of the hand down |
| Abduction | Angular movement; moves a part away from the median plane of the body |
| Adduction | Angular movement; moves a part towards the median plane |
| Rotation | circular movement; bone pivoting on its axis Ex. moving head in "no" motion |
| Circumduction | circular movement; moves a part so that its distal end moves in a circle Ex. pitcher wind up to throw a ball |
| Types of synovial joint movement | angular, circular, gliding, special |
| flexion | angular movment; decreases angle between bones Ex. bend head forward toward chest |
| Extension | angular movement; increase angle between bones Ex. stretching movements |
| Hyperextension | angular movement; stretching part beyond its anatomicla position |
| Plantar flexion | angular movement; occurs when foot is stretched down and back |
| Dorsiflexion | Angular movement; occurs when foot is tilted upwards |
| Inversion | special movement; turns the sole of the foot inward |
| eversion | special movement; turns sole of foot outward |
| Protraction | special movement; moves a part foward Ex. sticking out jaw |
| Retraction | special movement; moves part back Ex. pulling jaw back |
| Elevation | special movement; moves part up Ex. Closing mouth |
| Depression | special movement; lowers a part |
| Primary Ossification Center | where a blood vessel enters the cartilage of a developing bone at the midpoint of the diaphysis to initiate bone formation |
| Secondary ossification center | growth center located in the epiphyses of long bones |
| Carpal bones | Pisiform, triquetrum, lunate, scaphoid, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium |
| Bone fracture and repair | fracture-formation of hematoma-formation of callus-callus replaced with bone tissue |
| Types of Cartilage | Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage |
| Most common type of cartilage | Hyaline |
| Intermembranous ossification | process by which flat bones are formed within connective tissue |
| endochondral ossification | process by which bones are formed by replacement of cartilage models |
Created by:
gdemuth
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