Anthropology Quiz 1
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| Anthropology | The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand each other
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| Ethnocentrism | Belief ones own culture or way of life is what's normal and natural
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| Ethnographic Fieldwork | primary research strategy in cultural anthropology, typically involved with living and interacting with a community to better understand them
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| Four Field Approach | use of four interrelated disciplines to study humanity, cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and archaeology
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| Holism | Anthropological commitment to look at the whole picture of human life including culture, biology, history, and language across space and time
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| Cultural Anthropology | study of peoples communities, behaviors, beliefs, and institutions, including how people make meaning as they live, work, and play together
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| Participant Observation | a key anthropological research strategy involving both participation in and observation of the daily life of the people being studied
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| Globalization | The worldwide intensification of interactions and increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders
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| Key Dynamic of Globalization: Time-Space Compression | the rapid innovation of communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization that transforms the way people think about space and time
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| Flexible Accumulation | The flexible strategies that corporations use to accumulate profits in an era of globalization enabled by innovative communication and transportation technologies
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| Increasing Migration | The accelerated movement of people within and between countries
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| Uneven Development | the unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization
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| Culture | A system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people
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| Enculturation | The process of learning culture
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| Culture is... | Learned and taught, shared yet contested, and symbolic and material
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| Norms | Ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or towards others
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| Values | Fundamental beliefs about what is important, what makes a good life, what is true and right, etc
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| Symbols | Anything that represents something else
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| Mental Maps of Reality | Cultural classifications of what kinds of people and things exist, and the assignment of meaning to those classifications
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| Unilineal Cultural Evolution | The theory proposed by 19th century anthropologists that all cultures naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages from simple to complex. Savage --> barbarian --> civilized
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| Historical Particularism | The idea attributed to Francis Boa that cultures develop specific ways because of their unique histories
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| Structural Functionalism | the idea that each element of society serves a particular function to keep the entire system in equilibrium
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| Interpretivist Approach | Sees culture primarily as a symbolic system of deep meaning
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| Power | the ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence
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| Stratification | the uneven distributions of resources and privileges among participants in a group or culture
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| Agency | The potential pattern of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power
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| Cultural Relativism | the view that ethical and social standards reflect the cultural context from which they were deferred
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| Hegemony | The ability of dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force
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