Chapter 9
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| cardiovascular system | consists of the heart and blood vessels that work together to transport blood throughout the body
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| the heart ______ blood throughout the body | pumps
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| blood vessels ________blood throughout the body | transport
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| heart | muscular organ that consists of 4 chambers
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| 4 chambers of the heart | right atrium and left atrium (upper chambers)
right ventricle and left ventricle (lower chambers )
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| septum | divides the heart into left and right portions
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| interatrial septum | separates the atria
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| interventricular septum | separates the ventricles
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| heart valves open and close to maintain ________ through the heart | one way flow of blood
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| 4 heart valves | mitral, tricuspid, aortic, pulmonary
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| layers of the heart | endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, and pericardium
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| endocardium | membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
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| myocardium | thick, muscular layer
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| epicardium | outer membrane
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| pericardium | loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart
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| inferior and superior vena cava dump deoxygenated blood into the _________ | right atrium
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| atrial contraction leads to _______ | the opening of the tricuspid valve to allow blood to flow into the right ventricle
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| ventricular contraction leads to ______ | blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery
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| pulmonary circulation | passage of blood from right ventricle through the pulmonary artery to lungs and back through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
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| with atrial contraction the mitral valve opens to _______ | allow blood to flow into the left ventricle
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| systemic circulation | contraction of the left ventricle pushes blood through aortic valve into aorta and on to all parts of the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
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| blood returns to the _______ | right atrium
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| coronary circulation | supplies blood to the heart
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| which organ is the first to receive oxygenated blood via right and left coronary arteries | heart
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| angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o | vessel
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| aort/o | aorta
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| arteri/o | artery
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| ather/o | fatty (lipid) paste
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| atri/o | atrium
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| cardi/o | heart
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| coron/o | circle or crown
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| my/o | muscle
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| pector/o, steth/o | chest
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| phleb/o, ven/o | vein
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| thromb/o | clot
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| varic/o | swollen, twisted vein
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| ventricul/o | ventricle (belly or pouch)
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| blood pressure | force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins, and heart chambers
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| blood pressure is determined by | the volume of the blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions
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| diastole | period in cardiac cycle when blood enters relaxed ventricles from the atria
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| systole | period in cardiac cycle when heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery
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| normotension | normal blood pressure
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| hypotension | low blood pressure
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| hypertension | high blood pressure
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| cardiac conduction | provides electrical stimulus that is necessary to cause the heart muscle to pump blood by the continual contraction and relaxation of myocardial cells
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| myocardial= | heart muscle
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| cardiac conduction pattern | SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> right and left bundle branches -> purkinje fibers
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| pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial node
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| states of myocardial cells during cardiac conduction | polarization -> depolarization -> repolarization
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| polarization | resting state
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| depolarization | contracting state
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| repolarization | resting state
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| ACE | angiotensin converting enzyme
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| ACS | acute coronary syndrome
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| ASD | atrial septal defect
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| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft
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| CAD | coronary artery disease
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| CCU | coronary care unit or critical care unit
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| CXR | chest x ray
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| EPS | electrophysiologic study
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| ECHO | echocardiography
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| MVP | mitral valve prolapse
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| NSR | normal sinus rhythm
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| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention
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| PDA | patent ductus ateriosus
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| SCA | sudden cardiac arrest
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