LOM Chapter 5 Terms
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| absorption | passage of materials throught the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream.
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| amino acids | building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested.
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| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
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| anus | Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
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| appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ).
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| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
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| bilirubin | Pigment released by the liver in bile.
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| bowel | Intestine
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| cecum | First part of the large intestine.
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| colon | Large intestine
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| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
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| defecation | Expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus.
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| deglutition | swallowing
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| digestion | Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
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| duodenum | First part of the small intestine.
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| elimination | Removal of waste material from the body.
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| emulsification | Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
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| enzyme | A chemical that speeds up a reation between substances.
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| esophagus | Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
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| fatty acids | Substances produced when fats are digested.
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| feces | solid wastes, stools
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| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver, stores bile.
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| glucose | Simple sugar.
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| glycogen | Starch; glucose stored in the this form in liver cells.
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| Hydrochloric Acid | Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
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| Ileum | Third part of the small intestine.
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| insulin | Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas.
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| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine.
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| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessay to digest fats.
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| liver | A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
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| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.
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| mastication | chewing
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| palate | Roof of the mouth.
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| pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin.
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| papillae (singular: papilla) | small elevation on the tongue (taste buds).
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| parotid gland | Salivary gland within the check, just anterior to the ear.
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| peristalsis | Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures.
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| pharynx | Throat
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| portal vein | Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
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| protease | Enzymes that digest proteins.
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| pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
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| rectum | last section of the colon
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| rugae | Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
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| saliva | Digestive juice produced by the salivary glands.
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| sigmoid colon | Lower part of the colon; shaped like an S.
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| sphincter | Ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.
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| stomach | Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
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| triglycerides | Large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol.
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| uvula | Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth.
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| villi (singular: sillus) | Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
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| an/o | anus
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| bucc/o | cheek
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| cec/o | cecum
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| celi/o | belly
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| cheil/o, labi/o | lip
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| choiledoch/o | common bile duct
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| enter/o | intestines, usually small intestine.
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| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue
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| odont/o | tooth
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| or/o, stomato/o | mouth
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| palat/o | palate
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| sialaden/o | salivary gland
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| amyl/o | starch
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| bil/i, chol/e | gall, bile
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| chlorhydr/o | hydrochloric acid
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| lip/o, steat/o | fat
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| lith/o | stone
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| prote/o | protein
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| sial/o | saliva
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| -ase | enzyme
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| -chezia | defecation, elimination of waste
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| -iasis | abnormal condition
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| -prandial | meal
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
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| borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.
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| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| eructation | gas expelled from stomach through the mouth (belching).
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| flatus | Gas expelled through the anus.
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| hematochezia | passage of bright, fresh, red blood from the rectum.
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| melena | black, tarry stools, feces containing digested blood.
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| steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling, fecal matter.
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| achalasia | Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) to relax.
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| esophageal varices | Swollen, varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach.
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| pepic ulcer | Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum.
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| anal fistula | abnormal tube-like passage way near the anus.
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| colonic polyposis | Polyps (benign growths) protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon.
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| colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
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| Crohn disease | Chronic inflamation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon).
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| diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall.
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| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines.
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| hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
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| ileus | Failure of peristalsis with obstructionof the intestines.
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| intussusception | telescoping of the intestines
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| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
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| volvulus | Twisting of the intestine upon itself.
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| cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder
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| cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
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| viral hepatitis | Inflamation of the liver caused by a virus.
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