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MedTerm Chap 5
LOM Chapter 5 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | passage of materials throught the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream. |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins and produced when proteins are digested. |
| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch. |
| anus | Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body. |
| appendix | Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ). |
| bile | Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. |
| bilirubin | Pigment released by the liver in bile. |
| bowel | Intestine |
| cecum | First part of the large intestine. |
| colon | Large intestine |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. |
| defecation | Expulsion or passage of feces from the body through the anus. |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| digestion | Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms. |
| duodenum | First part of the small intestine. |
| elimination | Removal of waste material from the body. |
| emulsification | Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat. |
| enzyme | A chemical that speeds up a reation between substances. |
| esophagus | Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. |
| fatty acids | Substances produced when fats are digested. |
| feces | solid wastes, stools |
| gallbladder | Small sac under the liver, stores bile. |
| glucose | Simple sugar. |
| glycogen | Starch; glucose stored in the this form in liver cells. |
| Hydrochloric Acid | Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food. |
| Ileum | Third part of the small intestine. |
| insulin | Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. |
| jejunum | Second part of the small intestine. |
| lipase | Pancreatic enzyme necessay to digest fats. |
| liver | A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. |
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES) | Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. |
| mastication | chewing |
| palate | Roof of the mouth. |
| pancreas | Organ under the stomach; produces insulin. |
| papillae (singular: papilla) | small elevation on the tongue (taste buds). |
| parotid gland | Salivary gland within the check, just anterior to the ear. |
| peristalsis | Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal tract and other tubular structures. |
| pharynx | Throat |
| portal vein | Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines. |
| protease | Enzymes that digest proteins. |
| pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle fibers at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum. |
| rectum | last section of the colon |
| rugae | Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach. |
| saliva | Digestive juice produced by the salivary glands. |
| sigmoid colon | Lower part of the colon; shaped like an S. |
| sphincter | Ring of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening. |
| stomach | Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. |
| triglycerides | Large fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol. |
| uvula | Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth. |
| villi (singular: sillus) | Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream. |
| an/o | anus |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| celi/o | belly |
| cheil/o, labi/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choiledoch/o | common bile duct |
| enter/o | intestines, usually small intestine. |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
| odont/o | tooth |
| or/o, stomato/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bil/i, chol/e | gall, bile |
| chlorhydr/o | hydrochloric acid |
| lip/o, steat/o | fat |
| lith/o | stone |
| prote/o | protein |
| sial/o | saliva |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -chezia | defecation, elimination of waste |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| -prandial | meal |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
| borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract. |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| eructation | gas expelled from stomach through the mouth (belching). |
| flatus | Gas expelled through the anus. |
| hematochezia | passage of bright, fresh, red blood from the rectum. |
| melena | black, tarry stools, feces containing digested blood. |
| steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling, fecal matter. |
| achalasia | Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) to relax. |
| esophageal varices | Swollen, varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach. |
| pepic ulcer | Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum. |
| anal fistula | abnormal tube-like passage way near the anus. |
| colonic polyposis | Polyps (benign growths) protruding from the mucous membrane of the colon. |
| colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both. |
| Crohn disease | Chronic inflamation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon). |
| diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall. |
| dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines. |
| hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region. |
| ileus | Failure of peristalsis with obstructionof the intestines. |
| intussusception | telescoping of the intestines |
| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. |
| volvulus | Twisting of the intestine upon itself. |
| cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder |
| cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver. |
| viral hepatitis | Inflamation of the liver caused by a virus. |
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