Oncology Med Surge
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| Carcinogens | Substance known to increase the risk for the developement of cancer.
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| Papanicolauo's test (pap smear) | A pelvic examination for women to detect cancer.
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| Binign | Not recurrent or progressive;nonmaligant.
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| Malignant | Growing worse and resisting treatment.
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| Metastasis | Tumor cells are spread to distant parts of the body.
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| Immunosurveilance | The immune system's recognition and destruction of newly developed abnormal cells.
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| Carcinoma | Term used for malignant tumors composed of epithelia cells,which have a tendency to metastasis.
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| Alopecia | Loss of hair.
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| Neoplasm | Uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cell.
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| Thrombocytopenia | Reduction in the number of circulating platelets due to supression of the bone marrow.
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| Stomatitis | Amouth imflammation due to destruction of normal cells of the oral cavity.
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| Sarcoma | Malignant tumors of connective tissues such as muscle or bone.
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| Tumor Lysis Syndrome | Oncologic emergency that occurs with rapid lysis of malignant cells.
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| Carcinogenesis | The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.
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| Differentiated | Most like the parent tissue.
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| Leukopenia | Reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells due to depression of bone marrow.
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| Biopsy | Removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination.
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| Cancer's Seven Warning Signals (CAUTION) | Change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal,Unusual bleeding or discharge,
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| Cancer warning Signals Cont....(CAUTION) | Thickening or lump in breast or elsewwhere.Indigestion or difficulty swallowing.
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| Cancer warning signs Cont.....(CAUTION) | Obvious change in wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness.
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| Most common sites for cancer in men. | Prostate,Lung & bronchus,Colon and rectum,Urinary bladder,Melanomia of the skin,
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| Most common sites for cancer in men. cont... | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,kidney,Leukemia,oral cavity and Pancreas.
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| Most common sites of cancer in women | Breast,Lung & Bronchus,Colon and rectum,uterine corpus,ovary,Non Hodgkin's lymphoma,
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| Most common sites of cancer in women cont... | Melanoma of the skin,Thyroid,Urinary bladder
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| Risk Factors for developing Cancer | Smoking,Dietary habits,Exposure to Radiation(sun),Exposure to enviromental andchemical carinogens,Smokeless tobacco,Lots of alcohol.
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| Others cancers associated with smoking | Bladder,kidney,mouth,pharynx,larynx,esophagus,pancreas uterine and cervix.
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| Dietary habits to prevent Cancer | A diet high in fober and low in fat is recommended for prevention of cancer.
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| Exposure to radiation | Excessive exposure to the suns ultraviolet rays is a factor in development of basal and squamous cell skin cancer and melanoma.
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| Environmental and chemical carcinogens | Includes fumes from rubber and chlorine and dust from cotton,coal,nickle,chromate,asbestos and vinyl chloride
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| There is a greater incidence of Bladder cancer among people who live in | Urban areas and among those who work with dyes,rubber or leather.
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| Use of smokeless tobacco increases the risk of cancerof the | mouth,larynx,pharynx and esophagus.
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| Alcohol may result in | Oral cancer and cancer of the larynx,throat,esophagus,and liver.
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| Prevention Behaviors (Cervicle Cancer) | Abstaining from or practicing safer sex using protection.
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| Cancer prevention | Quit smoking,Whatching for and reporting signs and symptoms.
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| Breast cancer prevention Ages 20-39 | BSE each month,Clinical exam by health care every 3 years.
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| Breast Cancer prevention 40 and over | Yearly mammogram,Yearly breast exam dy health care professional,near time of mammogram,BSE EVERY MONTH.
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| Endometrial cancer prevention | watching for any abnormal uterine spotting or bleeding,using oral contraceptives for many years.
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| Endomentrial cancer CONT... | Talking c doc. about the risk & benefits of hormone replacement therapy for your risk of cancer and other diseases(heart disease,osteoporosis
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| Endomentrial Cancer COND... | Taking hormone peplacement with your uterus still intact,take estrogen &progesterone.
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| Ovarian Cancer | Using the pill for yrs,
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| Ovarian Cancer COND...Watching for and reporting s/s | Abdominal bleeding,vaginal bleeding,back and/leg pain,Chronic stomache pain
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| Ovarian Cancer COND... | Talking c your Doc. about the risk and benefits of hormone replacement therapy for your risk of cancer and other diseases,like heart disease and osteoporosis.
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| Ovarian Cancer COND... | Talking c your doc about having your ovaries removed,if you are high risk.(this surgery causes sudden menopause.
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| Skin Cancer Prevention | Stay out of sun,especially between 10am-4pm,wearing a broad-brimmed hat,a shirt and sunglasses when out in sun.
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| Yearly pelvic exam c pap test. | At age 18 or when sexually active,whichever is earlier.
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| After 3 or more consecutive satisfactory normal yearly examinations | The pap teat may be performed at the discretion of the doc.
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| There are no effective and proven test for early detection of | Ovarian Cancer
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| Skin Examinations | Older than 20-q3yrs,Older than 40-qyr.
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| Tumor Classification | Stage 0,I,II,III,IV
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| Stage 0 | Cancer is situ means that malignant cells are present as a tumor but has not metastasized.
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| Stage I | Tumor limited to the tissue of orgin,localized tumor growth.
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| Stage II | Limited local spread.
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| Stage III | Extensive local and regional spread.
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| Stage IV | Metastasis(spreading)
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| Benign Tumors | Slow steady growth,remains localized,usually contained within a capsule,smooth well defined movable when palpated
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| Benign Tumor COND... | Resembles parent tissue,crowds normal tissue,rarely recurs after removal,rarely fatal.
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| Malignant Tumors | Rate of growth varies-usually rapid,Metastasizes,rarely contained in a capsule.
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| Malignant Tumors CONT... | Irregular;more immoble when palpated,little resemblance to patent tissue,invades normal tissue,may recur after removal,Fatal s treatment.
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| (TMN)Tumor Grading | Tumor size,spread to nodes,and metastasis
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