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Oncology Med Surge
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carcinogens | Substance known to increase the risk for the developement of cancer. |
| Papanicolauo's test (pap smear) | A pelvic examination for women to detect cancer. |
| Binign | Not recurrent or progressive;nonmaligant. |
| Malignant | Growing worse and resisting treatment. |
| Metastasis | Tumor cells are spread to distant parts of the body. |
| Immunosurveilance | The immune system's recognition and destruction of newly developed abnormal cells. |
| Carcinoma | Term used for malignant tumors composed of epithelia cells,which have a tendency to metastasis. |
| Alopecia | Loss of hair. |
| Neoplasm | Uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cell. |
| Thrombocytopenia | Reduction in the number of circulating platelets due to supression of the bone marrow. |
| Stomatitis | Amouth imflammation due to destruction of normal cells of the oral cavity. |
| Sarcoma | Malignant tumors of connective tissues such as muscle or bone. |
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome | Oncologic emergency that occurs with rapid lysis of malignant cells. |
| Carcinogenesis | The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. |
| Differentiated | Most like the parent tissue. |
| Leukopenia | Reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells due to depression of bone marrow. |
| Biopsy | Removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination. |
| Cancer's Seven Warning Signals (CAUTION) | Change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal,Unusual bleeding or discharge, |
| Cancer warning Signals Cont....(CAUTION) | Thickening or lump in breast or elsewwhere.Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. |
| Cancer warning signs Cont.....(CAUTION) | Obvious change in wart or mole, Nagging cough or hoarseness. |
| Most common sites for cancer in men. | Prostate,Lung & bronchus,Colon and rectum,Urinary bladder,Melanomia of the skin, |
| Most common sites for cancer in men. cont... | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,kidney,Leukemia,oral cavity and Pancreas. |
| Most common sites of cancer in women | Breast,Lung & Bronchus,Colon and rectum,uterine corpus,ovary,Non Hodgkin's lymphoma, |
| Most common sites of cancer in women cont... | Melanoma of the skin,Thyroid,Urinary bladder |
| Risk Factors for developing Cancer | Smoking,Dietary habits,Exposure to Radiation(sun),Exposure to enviromental andchemical carinogens,Smokeless tobacco,Lots of alcohol. |
| Others cancers associated with smoking | Bladder,kidney,mouth,pharynx,larynx,esophagus,pancreas uterine and cervix. |
| Dietary habits to prevent Cancer | A diet high in fober and low in fat is recommended for prevention of cancer. |
| Exposure to radiation | Excessive exposure to the suns ultraviolet rays is a factor in development of basal and squamous cell skin cancer and melanoma. |
| Environmental and chemical carcinogens | Includes fumes from rubber and chlorine and dust from cotton,coal,nickle,chromate,asbestos and vinyl chloride |
| There is a greater incidence of Bladder cancer among people who live in | Urban areas and among those who work with dyes,rubber or leather. |
| Use of smokeless tobacco increases the risk of cancerof the | mouth,larynx,pharynx and esophagus. |
| Alcohol may result in | Oral cancer and cancer of the larynx,throat,esophagus,and liver. |
| Prevention Behaviors (Cervicle Cancer) | Abstaining from or practicing safer sex using protection. |
| Cancer prevention | Quit smoking,Whatching for and reporting signs and symptoms. |
| Breast cancer prevention Ages 20-39 | BSE each month,Clinical exam by health care every 3 years. |
| Breast Cancer prevention 40 and over | Yearly mammogram,Yearly breast exam dy health care professional,near time of mammogram,BSE EVERY MONTH. |
| Endometrial cancer prevention | watching for any abnormal uterine spotting or bleeding,using oral contraceptives for many years. |
| Endomentrial cancer CONT... | Talking c doc. about the risk & benefits of hormone replacement therapy for your risk of cancer and other diseases(heart disease,osteoporosis |
| Endomentrial Cancer COND... | Taking hormone peplacement with your uterus still intact,take estrogen &progesterone. |
| Ovarian Cancer | Using the pill for yrs, |
| Ovarian Cancer COND...Watching for and reporting s/s | Abdominal bleeding,vaginal bleeding,back and/leg pain,Chronic stomache pain |
| Ovarian Cancer COND... | Talking c your Doc. about the risk and benefits of hormone replacement therapy for your risk of cancer and other diseases,like heart disease and osteoporosis. |
| Ovarian Cancer COND... | Talking c your doc about having your ovaries removed,if you are high risk.(this surgery causes sudden menopause. |
| Skin Cancer Prevention | Stay out of sun,especially between 10am-4pm,wearing a broad-brimmed hat,a shirt and sunglasses when out in sun. |
| Yearly pelvic exam c pap test. | At age 18 or when sexually active,whichever is earlier. |
| After 3 or more consecutive satisfactory normal yearly examinations | The pap teat may be performed at the discretion of the doc. |
| There are no effective and proven test for early detection of | Ovarian Cancer |
| Skin Examinations | Older than 20-q3yrs,Older than 40-qyr. |
| Tumor Classification | Stage 0,I,II,III,IV |
| Stage 0 | Cancer is situ means that malignant cells are present as a tumor but has not metastasized. |
| Stage I | Tumor limited to the tissue of orgin,localized tumor growth. |
| Stage II | Limited local spread. |
| Stage III | Extensive local and regional spread. |
| Stage IV | Metastasis(spreading) |
| Benign Tumors | Slow steady growth,remains localized,usually contained within a capsule,smooth well defined movable when palpated |
| Benign Tumor COND... | Resembles parent tissue,crowds normal tissue,rarely recurs after removal,rarely fatal. |
| Malignant Tumors | Rate of growth varies-usually rapid,Metastasizes,rarely contained in a capsule. |
| Malignant Tumors CONT... | Irregular;more immoble when palpated,little resemblance to patent tissue,invades normal tissue,may recur after removal,Fatal s treatment. |
| (TMN)Tumor Grading | Tumor size,spread to nodes,and metastasis |
Created by:
angel777
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