4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4
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| State | Formal term for a country that must meet certain requirements: Defined territory with borders, Permanent population, and Government.
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| Nation | A group of people with a common identity through shared cultural traits such as language, religion, ethnicity, and heritage.
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| Nation-State | When the borders of the nation match the borders of the state - a state with (ideally) only one nation within it.
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| Stateless Nation | Nations of people without a state to occupy.
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| Multinational State | A state with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders (multiple nations).
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| Multi State Nation | A nation of people that live in more than one state.
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| Autonomous and Semiautonomous Regions | A location within a state that is given authority to govern independently from the national government.
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| Sovereignty | A state’s authority to control its territory and govern itself.
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| Self-determination | The right of all people to govern themselves. Usually a nation, ethnicity, or former colony wants to govern themselves and establish sovereignty over their own state.
Oftentimes may result in independence movements or devolution.
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| Imperialism | The dominance of one country over another country through diplomacy or force.
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| Colonialism | When a powerful country establishes settlements in a less powerful country for economic and/or political gain.
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| Independence Movements | A movement that is trying to gain political independence for some area that it thinks should be its own country.
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| Devolution | Often due to centrifugal forces, power is shifted from the central government or administration to regional authorities which are usually reflective of nations.
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| Neocolonialism | The use of economic, political, cultural or other pressures in order to control or influence other countries.
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| Shatterbelts | Instability within a region that is geographically located between states with overlapping territoriality and political power.
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| Choke Points | A strategic strait or canal which is narrow, hard to pass through and has competition for use.
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| Territoriality | The control and influence over a specific geographic space.
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| Political Boundaries | An imaginary line separating one political unit from another.
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| Relic Political Borders | Border that no longer exists, but has left some imprint on the local cultural or environmental geography.
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| Superimposed Political Borders | Border that is drawn over existing and accepted borders by an outside force.
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| Subsequent Political Borders | Borders that are drawn in areas that have been settled by people, typically due to changes that have occurred over time.
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| Antecedent Political Borders | Borders that are established before there has been major settlement by people in a territory.
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| Geometric Political Borders | Borders that are established on straight lines of latitude and longitude instead of physical or cultural boundaries.
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| Consequent Political Borders | Type of subsequent boundary - takes into account the existing cultural distribution of the people living in the territory and redevelops boundary lines to more closely align with cultural boundaries.
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