Final Exam Study Guide
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| Bronchi | branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung
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| Apex | Uppermost portion of the lung
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| Mediastinum | Space between the lungs in the chest
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| Adenoids | Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue
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| Pulmonary parenchyma | essential parts of the lung & responsible for respiration
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| Laryngectomy | removal of the larynx (voicebox)
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| Phreno | diaphragm
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| Hypoxemia | condition of deficient amount of oxygen in the lungs
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| Asbestosis | asbestos particles accumulates in the lungs
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| Orthopnea | breathing is only easier in an upright position
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| Eosinophil | white blood cell with reddish granules; numbers increase in allergic reactions
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| Fibrin | Protein threads that form the basis of a clot
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| Electrophoresis | method of separating out serum proteins by electrical charge
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| Antigens | foreign material that invades the body and cause a allergic reaction
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| Bilirubin | orange-yellow pigment found in bile produced from the breakdown of hemoglobins
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| Hematopoietic stem cell | cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells
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| Heparin | anticoagulant found in the blood
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| Poikilocytosis | disorder of red blood cell morphology of shape
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| Neutropenia | deficiency in numbers of white blood cells
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| Lymphopoiesis | formation of lymph & lymphocyte
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| interstitial fluid | found in the spaces between cells
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| Platelets | clotting cell; thrombrocytes
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| Lymph nodes areas | axillary, mediastinal, cervical, ingunial
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| Atrophy | decrease in size normally developed organ or tissue of the body
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| T Cells | lymphocyte that acts directly on the antigens to destroy them
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| IgA, IgG, IgE | examples of immunglobulins
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| Tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
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| Thymus | mediastinal T cell producer; aids in immune response
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| Cancellous Bone | spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
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| Acromion | outward extension of the shoulder bone forming point of shoulder
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| Foramen magnum | opening in occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
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| Mastoid Process | rounded projection on the temporal bone
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| Condyle | knuckle like process at the end of the bone
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| Facial Bones | lacrimal, maxillary, mandible, nasal, vomer & zygomatic
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| Cranial Bones | ethmoid, frontal, occiptal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal
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| Diaphysis | shaft or mid-portion of a long bone
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| Osteodystrophy | abnormal development of bone
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| Squamous cell | flat scale-like cells located in the epidermis
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| Dermis | middle layer of the skin
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| Keratin | hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair & nails
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| Collagen | structural protein found in skin, connective tissue & ligaments
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| Xero | dry
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| Subungual | pertaining to under the nail
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| Cutaneo | skin
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| Albinism | absence of pigment in the skin
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| Paronychia | inflammation & swelling of the soft tissue around the nail
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| Cornea | fibrous layers of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eye
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| Macula lutea | small oval region on the retina near the optic disc
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| Lens | eye structure behind the pupil that is transparent & biconvex; focuses light on the retina
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| Optic chiasma | optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
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| Accommodation | normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near
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| Cones | photosensitive receptor cell of retina; transform light energy into producing color
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| Kerato | cornea
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| Cyclo | ciliary body
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| Palpebro | eyelid
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| Thyroid function | secretes iodine and controls digestive system, metabolic rate, bone & brain development
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| Adenohypophysis | anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| Insulin | secreted by the pancreas; transfers sugar from blood to cells
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| Parathyroid hormone | secreted by the parathyroid gland; increases blood calcium
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| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone; stimulates adrenal cortex
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| Electrolyte examples | potassium, sodium, calcium
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| Iodine | element in diet that is essential for the thyroid gland
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| Estrogen | female hormone secreted by the ovaries; promotes sex characters
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| Metastasis | malignancy growth beyond original site
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| Adenocarcinoma of lung | malignant tumor of the lungs
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| Fungating tumor | mushroom pattern of growth as tumor cells grow on top of each other
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| Polypoid | growths that form projections extending outward from the base
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| Carcinoma in situ | localized tumor growth
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| Scirrhous tumor | hard, densely packed tumor cells
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| Staging a tumor | based on the extend of spread of the tumor; TNM
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| Mutagenic | genetic mutation
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| T1N2M0 | Tumor stage 1, Nodes stage 2, Metastases stage 0; indicates progression of tumor
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| Nuclear medicine | medical specialty that uses radioactive substances
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| Radiologist | physician that specializes in radiologic testing
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| Barium enema | radiologic testing of the GI series using a enema containing barium sulfate
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| IVP | intravenous pyelogram; used to show kidney stones, tumors or defects in the urinary system
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| Myelogram | record of x-ray of the spinal cord using contrast dye
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| Arthrogram | record of x-ray of a joint using contrast dye
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| Tomography | cross-sectional x-ray to show an organ depth
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| CT scan | computed tomography produces a cross-sectional image of the body organs using a computer
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| Molecular pharmacology | study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules
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| Toxicology | study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body
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| Ampicillin | antibiotic in the penicillin family
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| FDA | food and drug administration; enforces regulations for proper drug manufacture and clinical use
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| Synergism | combination of two drugs which has a greater effect than the sum of one drug alone
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| Suppositories | drug inserted in the rectum region
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| Oral administration | drugs taken by mouth
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| Parenteral administration | drugs given by injection in skin, muscles, or veins
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| Inhalation admininstration | drugs in gas or vapor form taken through the nose or mouth
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| Forensic psychistrist | specializes in the legal aspect of pyschiatry
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| Clinical pyshologist | professional that uses various methods of psychotherapy to treat patients but cannot prescribe drugs
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| Dysthymia | depressed mood; could last 2 years; different from major depression
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| Euphoria | feelings of well-being, happiness, excitement, elation & joy
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| Compulsion | uncontrollable urge to perform or act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety
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| Autism | neurodevelopmental disorder marked by non-social interaction and decreased communication
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| Hallucinations | false or unreal sensory perception
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| Repression | defense mechanism that pushes unwanted thoughts, feelings or impulses into your unconscious
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| Agoraphobia | fear of leaving home
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| Adrenal Cortex | outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol
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| Radiopague substance | substance that attaches to bone to show up on x-rays
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