Appendix Terms
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| Cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition of gallstones
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| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum (Crohn Disease) of inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis)
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| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Signs and Sx are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea - Does not harm the intestine
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| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Cancer of the liver
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| Cholangiography | Xray examination of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material through the liver or through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts
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| Gastrointestinal endoscopy | Visual examination of the GI tract with an endoscope
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| Hemoccult Test | Feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, which reacts with hidden (occult) blood - important screening test for colon cancer
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| an/o | anus
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| cholecyst/o | gallbladder
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| duoden/o | duodenum
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| ile/o | ileum
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| jejun/o | jejunum
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| or/o | mouth
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| proct/o | anus and rectum
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| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon
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| stomat/o | mouth
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| Exophthalmometry | Measurement of eyeball protrusion (exophthalmos) as an indicator of Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
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| Radioactive Iodine Uptake | Measurement of how much of a radioactive element (iodine) is absorbed by the thyroid gland
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| Serum and Urine Test | Measurement of hormones, electrolytes, and glucose levels in the blood and urine as indicators of endocrine function
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| Thyroid Function Tests | Measurement of levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the bloodstream
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| Adren/o | Adrenal Gland
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| Adrenal/o | Adrenal Gland
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| Hypophys/o | Pituitary Gland
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| Oophor/o | Ovary
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| Orchi/o | Testis; Testicle
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| Parathyroid/o | Parathyroid Gland
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| Pituitary/o | Pituitary Gland
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| Thyroaden/o | Thyroid Gland
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| Acromegaly | Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty
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| Cushing Syndrom | Group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex - signs and sx include obesity, moon-like facies, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis
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| Goiter | Enlargement of the Thyroid Gland
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| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test
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| RAIU | Radioactive Iodine Uptake
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| cervic/o | cervix
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| colp/o | vagina
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| mast/o | breast
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| metri/o | uterus
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| uter/o | uterus
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| o/o | egg
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| oophor/o | ovary
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| ovari/o | ovary
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| salping/o | fallopian tube
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| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrual flow
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| Dysmenorrhea | Painful menstrual flow
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| Fibroids | Benign tumors in the uterus
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| Aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid from from a cavity or sac
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| Conization | Removal of wedge-shaped section of the cervix for biopsy
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| Pregnancy Test | Measurement of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone in blood and urine that indicates pregnancy
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| Cauterization | Heat is used to destroy abnormal tissue, for example, in the lining of the cervix
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| Dilation and Curettage | Widening (Dilation) of the opening of the cervix and scraping (curettage) of the lining of the uterus to remove tissue and stop prolonged or heavy uterine bleeding
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| Myomectomy | The surgical removal of fibroid (myoma) tissue from the uterus
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| CS | Cesarean Section
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| DUB | Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
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| HRT | Hormone Replacement Therapy
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| TAH-BSO | Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
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| lymph/o | lymph fluid
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| lymphadeno/o | lymph node ("gland")
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| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel
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| splen/o | spleen
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| thym/o | thymus gland
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| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Suppression or deficiency of the immune response (destruction of lymphocytes) caused by exposure to HIV
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| Mononucleosis | Acute infectious disease with enlargement of lymph nodes and increased number of lymphocytes and monocytes
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| Sarcoidosis | Inflammatory disease in which small nodules, or tubercles, form in the lymph nodes and other organs
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| ELISA | Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay - test to screen for antibodies for HIV
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| Western Blot Test | A blood test to detect the presence of antibodies to specific antigens, such as HIV - regarded as a more precise test than ELISA
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| HAART | Highly active antiretrovital therapy
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| MAC | Mycobacterium Avium Complex
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| PCP | Pneumocystis Pneumonia
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| balan/o | penis
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| orch/o | testis
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| orchid/o | testis
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| prostat/o | prostate gland
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| vas/o | vas deferens
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| Cryptorchism | Condition of undescended testis. The testis is not in the scrotal sac at birth. (Crypt/o means "hidden")
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| Hydrocele | Sac of clear fluid (swelling) in the scrotum
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| Orchiopexy | Surgical fixation (-pexy) of an undescended testicle in a young male infant
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| BPH | Bening Prostatic Hyperplasia
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| DRE | Digital Rectal Examination
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| GU | Genitourinary
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| PSA | Prostate-specific antigen
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| TURP | Transurethral resection of the prostate gland
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| chondr/o | cartilage
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| ten/o | tendon
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| tendin/o | tendon
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| Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test | Test in which a sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
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| Bone Density Test | Low-energy x-rays are used to image bones to detect areas of bone deficiency
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| Bone Scan | Procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected intravenously and its uptake in bones is measured with a special scanning device
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| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | Measurement of the rate at which rbc fall to the bottom of a test tube
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| ANA | Antinuclear Antibody Test
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| DOMS | Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness
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| ESR | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum
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| medull/o | medulla oblongata
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| Paraplegia | Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body
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| TENS | Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
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| adenoid/o | adenoid
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| bronch/o | bronchial tube
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| phren/o | diaphragm
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| Asphyxia | Deficiency of o2 in the blood and increase in co2 in blood and tissues
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| Atelectasis | Collapsed lung
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| Emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
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| Hemoptysis | Spitting up of blood
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| Hemothorax | Blood from the respiratory in the pleural cavity
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| Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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| Pulmonary Function Test | Measurement of the ventilation (breathing capability) of the lungs
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| Tuberculin Test | Agents are applied to the skin with punctures or injection and the reaction is noted
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| Thoracotomy | Incision of the chest to remove a lung (pneumonectomy) or a portion of the lung (lobectomy)
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| ARDS | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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| MDI | Metered-dose inhaler
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| PEEP | Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
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| PFT | Pulmonary Function Test
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| VATS | Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
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| VQ | Ventilation-Perfusion Scan
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| pil/o | hair
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| trich/o | hair
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| phak/o | lens of the eye
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| aur/o | ear
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| myring/o | eardrum
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| tympan/o | eardrum
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| Cataract | Clouding (opacity) of the lens of the eye, causing impairment of vision or blindness
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| Glaucoma | Increase in pressure (fluid accumulation) within the chamber at the front of the eye
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| Tinnitus | Abnormal noise sound in the ear
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| Fluorescein Angiography | Fluorescein (a contrast substance) is injected intravenously and the movement of blood in the back of the eye is observed by ophthalmoscopy
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| VA | Visual Acuity
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| vesic/o | urinary bladder
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| Blood Urea Nitrogen | Measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood
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| Urography | X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material
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| Lithotripsy | Shock waves are beamed into a pt to crush urinary tract stones
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| CAPD | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
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| VCUG | Voiding Cystourethrogram
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