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Medical Terminology
Appendix Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition of gallstones |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) | Inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum (Crohn Disease) of inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis) |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Signs and Sx are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea - Does not harm the intestine |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Cancer of the liver |
| Cholangiography | Xray examination of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material through the liver or through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts |
| Gastrointestinal endoscopy | Visual examination of the GI tract with an endoscope |
| Hemoccult Test | Feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, which reacts with hidden (occult) blood - important screening test for colon cancer |
| an/o | anus |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| or/o | mouth |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| Exophthalmometry | Measurement of eyeball protrusion (exophthalmos) as an indicator of Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism) |
| Radioactive Iodine Uptake | Measurement of how much of a radioactive element (iodine) is absorbed by the thyroid gland |
| Serum and Urine Test | Measurement of hormones, electrolytes, and glucose levels in the blood and urine as indicators of endocrine function |
| Thyroid Function Tests | Measurement of levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the bloodstream |
| Adren/o | Adrenal Gland |
| Adrenal/o | Adrenal Gland |
| Hypophys/o | Pituitary Gland |
| Oophor/o | Ovary |
| Orchi/o | Testis; Testicle |
| Parathyroid/o | Parathyroid Gland |
| Pituitary/o | Pituitary Gland |
| Thyroaden/o | Thyroid Gland |
| Acromegaly | Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty |
| Cushing Syndrom | Group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex - signs and sx include obesity, moon-like facies, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis |
| Goiter | Enlargement of the Thyroid Gland |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| RAIU | Radioactive Iodine Uptake |
| cervic/o | cervix |
| colp/o | vagina |
| mast/o | breast |
| metri/o | uterus |
| uter/o | uterus |
| o/o | egg |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| salping/o | fallopian tube |
| Amenorrhea | Absence of menstrual flow |
| Dysmenorrhea | Painful menstrual flow |
| Fibroids | Benign tumors in the uterus |
| Aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid from from a cavity or sac |
| Conization | Removal of wedge-shaped section of the cervix for biopsy |
| Pregnancy Test | Measurement of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone in blood and urine that indicates pregnancy |
| Cauterization | Heat is used to destroy abnormal tissue, for example, in the lining of the cervix |
| Dilation and Curettage | Widening (Dilation) of the opening of the cervix and scraping (curettage) of the lining of the uterus to remove tissue and stop prolonged or heavy uterine bleeding |
| Myomectomy | The surgical removal of fibroid (myoma) tissue from the uterus |
| CS | Cesarean Section |
| DUB | Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding |
| HRT | Hormone Replacement Therapy |
| TAH-BSO | Total Abdominal Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy |
| lymph/o | lymph fluid |
| lymphadeno/o | lymph node ("gland") |
| lymphangi/o | lymph vessel |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Suppression or deficiency of the immune response (destruction of lymphocytes) caused by exposure to HIV |
| Mononucleosis | Acute infectious disease with enlargement of lymph nodes and increased number of lymphocytes and monocytes |
| Sarcoidosis | Inflammatory disease in which small nodules, or tubercles, form in the lymph nodes and other organs |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay - test to screen for antibodies for HIV |
| Western Blot Test | A blood test to detect the presence of antibodies to specific antigens, such as HIV - regarded as a more precise test than ELISA |
| HAART | Highly active antiretrovital therapy |
| MAC | Mycobacterium Avium Complex |
| PCP | Pneumocystis Pneumonia |
| balan/o | penis |
| orch/o | testis |
| orchid/o | testis |
| prostat/o | prostate gland |
| vas/o | vas deferens |
| Cryptorchism | Condition of undescended testis. The testis is not in the scrotal sac at birth. (Crypt/o means "hidden") |
| Hydrocele | Sac of clear fluid (swelling) in the scrotum |
| Orchiopexy | Surgical fixation (-pexy) of an undescended testicle in a young male infant |
| BPH | Bening Prostatic Hyperplasia |
| DRE | Digital Rectal Examination |
| GU | Genitourinary |
| PSA | Prostate-specific antigen |
| TURP | Transurethral resection of the prostate gland |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test | Test in which a sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Bone Density Test | Low-energy x-rays are used to image bones to detect areas of bone deficiency |
| Bone Scan | Procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected intravenously and its uptake in bones is measured with a special scanning device |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | Measurement of the rate at which rbc fall to the bottom of a test tube |
| ANA | Antinuclear Antibody Test |
| DOMS | Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness |
| ESR | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| medull/o | medulla oblongata |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body |
| TENS | Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation |
| adenoid/o | adenoid |
| bronch/o | bronchial tube |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| Asphyxia | Deficiency of o2 in the blood and increase in co2 in blood and tissues |
| Atelectasis | Collapsed lung |
| Emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| Hemoptysis | Spitting up of blood |
| Hemothorax | Blood from the respiratory in the pleural cavity |
| Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs |
| Pulmonary Function Test | Measurement of the ventilation (breathing capability) of the lungs |
| Tuberculin Test | Agents are applied to the skin with punctures or injection and the reaction is noted |
| Thoracotomy | Incision of the chest to remove a lung (pneumonectomy) or a portion of the lung (lobectomy) |
| ARDS | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| MDI | Metered-dose inhaler |
| PEEP | Positive End-Expiratory Pressure |
| PFT | Pulmonary Function Test |
| VATS | Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery |
| VQ | Ventilation-Perfusion Scan |
| pil/o | hair |
| trich/o | hair |
| phak/o | lens of the eye |
| aur/o | ear |
| myring/o | eardrum |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| Cataract | Clouding (opacity) of the lens of the eye, causing impairment of vision or blindness |
| Glaucoma | Increase in pressure (fluid accumulation) within the chamber at the front of the eye |
| Tinnitus | Abnormal noise sound in the ear |
| Fluorescein Angiography | Fluorescein (a contrast substance) is injected intravenously and the movement of blood in the back of the eye is observed by ophthalmoscopy |
| VA | Visual Acuity |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen | Measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste) in the blood |
| Urography | X-ray imaging of the urinary tract after injection of contrast material |
| Lithotripsy | Shock waves are beamed into a pt to crush urinary tract stones |
| CAPD | Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis |
| VCUG | Voiding Cystourethrogram |
Created by:
MarkPA
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