[MA1] The Respiratory System [Tier 01]
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| allergic rhinitis | inflammation of the nose caused by an allergy
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| alveoli | microscopic air sacs in the lung
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| angiography | a radiologic study of a artery using a radiopaque medium
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| apnea | the absence of breathing.
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| arteriography | a radiologic study of an artery using a radiopaque medium
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| asthma | an allergic reaction to a substance resulting in wheezing, shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing.
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| atelectasis | lack of air in the lungs caused by the collapse of the alveoli of the lungs
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| bleb | a bubble-like structure from destroyed alveoli
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| bronchi | the primary division of the trachea
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| bronchiole | small terminal branches of the bronchi that lack cartilage
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| bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree
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| carbon dioxide | a gas found in the air, exhaled by all animals; the chemical formula is CO2
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a syndrome characterized by chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema, or any combination of these conditions, resulting in dyspnea, frequent respiratory infections and thoracic deformities from attempting to breathe
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| cilia | hair-like projections from epithelial cells, as in the bronchi
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| cyanosis | a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen
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| diaphoresis | profuse sweating
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| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing
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| emphysema | a chronic lung disease characterized by overdistension of the alveolar sacs and inability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| empyema | exudate (pus) within the pleural space of the chest cavity
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| epiglotis | a cartilaginous lid that closes over the larynx when swallowing
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| expectorated | to spit, to expel mucus or phlegm from the throat or lungs.
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| expiration | the expulsion of air from the lungs in breathing
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| fibrosis | abnormal formation of fibrous tissue
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| hemothorax | blood within the pleural space of the chest cavity
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| hiccup (hiccough) | a result of the spasmodic closing of the epiglottis and spasms of the diaphragm
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| histoplasmosis | a fungal infection caused by an organism found in bird and bat droppings
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| hypoxia | a lack of oxygen
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| influenza | an acute illness characterized by fever, pain, coughing and general upper respiratory symptoms
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| inspiration | to breath in, inhale
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| intubation | insertion of a tube into the larynx for entrance of air
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| laryngectomy | surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral posterior arch
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| laryngitis | inflammation of the vocal cords
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| larynx | the voice box
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| legionnaires' disease | an acute broncho-pneumonia
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| liter | a unit of measure
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| lung | the organ of respiration, located within the thoracic cavity
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| orthopnea | respiratory condition in which breathing is possible on in an erect sitting or standing position
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| oxygen | a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas found in the air; chemical symbol O
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| perfusion | passing of a fluid through spaces
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| pharynx | the throat; that portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the esophagus
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| pleura | a serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura
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| pneumonia | inflammation of the lung caused primarily by microbes, chemical irritants, vegetable dust or allergy
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| pneumonoconiosis | a respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles from mining or stonecutting
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| pneumothorax | a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that displaces lung dissue
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| pulmonary | concerning or involving the lungs
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| pulmonary edema | the presence of interstitial fluid in the lung tissue
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| pulmonary emboli | a blockage in the pulmonary artery or one of its branches
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| respiratory | pertaining to respiration
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| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal mucosa
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| septum | a membranous wall dividing two cavities, as within the heart of the nose.
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| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses
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| spirometer | an apparatus that measures the volume of inhaled and exhaled air
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| spontaneous | involuntary; produced by itself; unforced
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| sputum | substance ejected from the mouth containing saliva and mucus; usually refers to material coughed up from the bronchi
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | the sudden, unexplainable death of an infant
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| surfactant | a fatty molecule on the respiratory membranes
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| trachea | a cartilaginous tube between the larynx and the main bronchus of the respiratory tree
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| tracheotomy | a surgically made opening in the trachea through which a person will breathe
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| tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus; pulmonary tuberculosis is a specific inflammatory disease of the lungs that destroys lung tissue
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| upper respiratory infection (URI) | inflammatory process involving the nose and throat, may include the sinuses; refers to symptoms associated with the common cold
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| ventilation | refers to a diagnostic test to determine air exchange and presence of an embolism
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| vital capacity | the total volume of air exchanged from forced inspiration and forced expiration
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