Chapter 6 Skeletal
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| burs/o | a pouch
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| osteoblasts | bone forming cells
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| diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone
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| periosteum | fibrous vascular membrane that forms the covering of bones
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| foramen | opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments and nerves
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| joint | a place where two or more bones connect
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| vertebrae | connected to form 4 spinal curves
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| extension | straightening a flexed limb
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| abduct | moving body part away from the middle
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| adduct | moving body part toward the middle
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| inversion | turning inward
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| cervical vertebrae | 7 vertebrae
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| thoracic vertebrae | 12 vertebrae
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| lumbar vertebrae | 5 vertebrae
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| gynecoid | relating to characteristics of a woman
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| open/compound fracture (fx) | fracture projects through the skin and possibility of hemorrhage or infection
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| closed/simple fracture (fx) | completely internal break that does not break the skin
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| rheumat/o | discharge
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| arthr/o | joint
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| arthrocenteis | surgical procedure to remove joint fluid
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| arthroplasty | surgical procedure to repair a joint
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| -scope | instrument for examining
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| calcaneal | pertaining to the heel bone (calcan/e-heel bone)
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| carpal | pertaining to (-al) the wrist bones
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| chondrocostal | pertaining to the rib cartilage
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| cartilage | fibrous connective tissue found at the ends of bone
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| kyphosis | condition where the thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated - hump back
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| ligament | band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
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| lordosis | condition where the lumbar curvature becomes exaggerated
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| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the bone and joint
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| -graphy | medical imaging
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| humerus | arm bone connecting to the shoulder
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| ulna | arm bone connecting to the humerus on the pinky side
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| radius | arm bone connecting to the humerus on the thumb side
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| femur | thigh bone
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| tibia | shin bone
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| fibula | smaller long bone in lower leg lateral to the tibia
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| tarsals | ankle bones
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| carpals | wrist bones
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| mandible | jaw bone
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| scapula | shoulder blade
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| clavicle | collar bone
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| sternum | breast bone
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| circumduction | circular movement of a limb at the far end
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| rotation | CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND AN AXIS
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| flexion | bending a joint
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| extension | straightening a joint
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| male pelvis | funnel shaped, narrow outlet, heavy
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| female pelvis | basin/oval shaped, wider outlet, lighter, wider sacrum
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| spiral fracture | fracture spirals around axis of long bone; results from twisting stress
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| comminuted fracture | fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
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| functions of bones | support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation
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| tendons | connect muscle to bone
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| ligaments | connect two bones or cartilages together or holds together a joint
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| greenstick fracture | bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children
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| cartilage | A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.
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| flat bones | bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
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| long bones | bones of the arms and legs
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| short bones | carpals and tarsals
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| irregular bones | bones of the vertebrae and face, ear
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| Epiphysis | End of a long bone
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| compact bone | Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
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| cost/o | rib
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| carp/o | wrist bones
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| -itis | inflammation
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| a- | without
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| -plasia | development, formation, growth
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| Achondroplasia | A form of human dwarfism caused by a single dominant allele; the homozygous condition is lethal
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| Osteoarthritis (OA) | inflammation of the bone and joint
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| por- | passage, hole
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| arthritis | inflammation of the joint(s)
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| -osis | condition
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| isch/i | ischium/hip
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| -algia | pain
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| -al | pertaining to
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| meta- | beyond, change
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| -graph | instrument for recording
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| -malacia | softening
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| -tomy | to cut, incision
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| -ectomy | surgical removal, excision
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| radi/o | x-rays
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| cran/i | cranium
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| manibul/o | mandible, lower jaw
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| analgesics | pain relievers (tylenol, motrin, advil etc)
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| Anti inflammatory drugs | Drugs that prevent or limit inflammatory responses to injury or invasion (Motrin, advil, etc)
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| NSAIDS | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-ALEVE
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| RA | rheumatoid arthritis
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| OA | osteoarthritis
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| Fx | fracture
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