CBIC study notes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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Presence of microorganisms in or on a host with growth, but without tissue invastion or damage. | show 🗑
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Entry of an infectious agent in the tissues of the host which multiplies and creates symptoms. | show 🗑
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show | Contamination
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Ability to cause disease | show 🗑
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show | Invasiveness
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Number of organisms needed for infection to occur | show 🗑
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show | Virulence
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Habitat where an infectious agent lives, multiplies and or grows | show 🗑
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show | Fomite
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show | Gram stain
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show | Gram positive
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Stain= red | show 🗑
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show | Catalase test
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Catalase positive | show 🗑
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Catalase Negative | show 🗑
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Used to differentiate Staph Areus and Staph Epi | show 🗑
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show | Staph areus
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show | Not Staph areus
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show | Morphology (Cocci vs. bacilli or rods)Gram stain characteristicsOxygen utilization
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show | Aerobic
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Does not need oxygen to survive | show 🗑
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Four groups of bacteria | show 🗑
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show | Staphylococcus areus and epidermisStreptococcusEnterococcus
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Gram + Bacilli | show 🗑
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Gram - Cocci | show 🗑
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show | KlebsiellaProteusMorganellaE coliSalmonellaCitrobacterEnterobacterShigellaPseudomonasAcinetobacter
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show | IgM
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show | IgG
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show | Active immunity
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show | Passive immunity
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Immediate immunity / B cell produces antibodies/ circulating always ready to go | show 🗑
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T cells produce lymphokines/ dont have material already there | show 🗑
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First cells to arrive at an inflammatory focus | show 🗑
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show | Basophils
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show | Eosonophils
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show | Gram + cocci, appear in clusters under the microscope.Aureus- coagulase + 20-30% of population carry this bacteria. Common cause of skin infectionsEpidermidis- Coagulase -. Common contaminant of blood cultures of common pathogen in prosthetic devices.
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Enterococcus | show 🗑
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show | Gram + Cocci appear in chainsPneumoniae also known as pneumococcusPyogenes AKA group A- Necrotizing fascitis and strep throat
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show | Gram + rod/ spore forming/ anaerobic
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Antimicrobial therapy initiated when no information about causitive pathogen is known, patient is sufficiently ill to warrant treatment before C&S tests are available or clinical site of infection may give an indication of likely pathogen | show 🗑
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Antimicrobial therapy initiated because infecting agent is known, susceptibility tests have been done, and appropriate antimicrobial dosage are known | show 🗑
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show | Broth dilution
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show | MIC
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Standard lawn of bacteria is placed on agar media/ reported as susceptible, intermidiate or resistant/ Paper disk impregnated with standard amount of antibiotic placed on agar surface/ zone of inhibition around disk measured at 16-24 hours dep on organism | show 🗑
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Computer assisted manual overnight broth dilution test system/ semiautomated overnight broth microdilution test system | show 🗑
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show | Acute bacterial disease usually affecting the skinDiagnostic tesing blood, lesions or discharges by direct polychrome methylene blue stained smears or culturesIncubation period- hours to 7 days most w/n 48 hoursIsolation contactTx- Cipro, PCN,
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show | Bronchial damage and intermittent bronchial pluggingDiagnostic testing- intradermal or scratch test/ culture of sputum/ fungus balls in lungs.Incubation- few days to weeksTx- corticosteriod/ surgical resection/ fungizone.
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Hep A | show 🗑
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show | Anti HAV IgM is the antibody that appears during the acute illness and declines over 6-12 monthsAnti HAV IgG rises later than IgM but persists indefinately and is belived to provide lifelong immunity after natural infection
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Diagnostic testing for Hep B | show 🗑
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Diagnostic testing for Hep C | show 🗑
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Resistant to PCNs and Cephalosporins | show 🗑
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Fever | show 🗑
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show | Should have few epithelia cells
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show | Spirochete- borreli burgdoferi
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Hospital grade disinfectants are tested for effectiveness against which organisms? | show 🗑
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Recording and analyzing all medication administration errors from April 1 to April 30th on an internal medicine ward is an example of what kind of study? | show 🗑
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Starts with a healthy populations and follows them to measure develpment of disease and levels of exposure to possible risk factors | show 🗑
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Neither the subject nor the Principle Investigator are aware of the treatment regimen being given to the subject | show 🗑
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show | Beta or type 2 error
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show | Ztest
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show | 2x2 tables in which any given cell value is expected to be less than 5
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show | Delegate the whole task, specify results desired, and have associate repeat the project expectations to you
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A budget in which you detail by category every expenditure that you plan for the next year | show 🗑
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In an operating room related outbreak, there is a serious morbidity and one death. You need to close the OR for a while. This managmement style would be | show 🗑
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Contemporary management theories include | show 🗑
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show | Contigency theory
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The major focus on the annual infection control activities report should be | show 🗑
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Surveillance is used for | show 🗑
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What type of study measures incidence? | show 🗑
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show | Pandemic
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show | IgM
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show | PCR
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show | 2-6 weeks
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show | 1-4 days
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The most important vaccine for a patient who has had their spleen removed is the | show 🗑
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show | Herd immunity
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The type of surveillance that begins with results then looks at risk factors is | show 🗑
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show | Type II error
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show | Cleaning followed by HLD
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show | Dead white blood cells
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show | Cognitive
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The test designed to challenge the vacuum pump in a pre-vaccuum steam sterilizer is the | show 🗑
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What can be used for both antisepsis and disinfection | show 🗑
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show | Nurseries
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show | Bacillus atrophaeus in every load
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show | Biological
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show | Ethylene oxide
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What percentage of microorgansisms is harmful to humans because they grow at room temperature | show 🗑
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show | Dates of symptomsPerson, place and time,surveillance
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Gram stains classify an organism as Gram positive or Gram negative. This allows for early identification of suspected organisms for the treatment of | show 🗑
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show | epidemiology
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show | immune system
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show | Resolved infections
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An organism that lives upon, or within another organism and at whose expense, obtains some advantage | show 🗑
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show | cellular
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An obligate intracellular parasite that requires a living host cells to grow and reproduce | show 🗑
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show | fungi
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show | IgM
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Air flow in health care should always go from | show 🗑
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bacteria may appear in three shapes | show 🗑
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show | Hepatitis D
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The determinant factors for gram stains are cell wall components of | show 🗑
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An example of an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium would be an organism responsible for | show 🗑
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When talking about AFB specimens, _____________identify the AFB, and ____________ identify the species | show 🗑
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can grow in the small bowel and cause diarrhea in children and travelers diarrhea through the production of enterotoxins | show 🗑
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show | neutrophils
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The most common bacterial infection of vascular access site is | show 🗑
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show | it should be cultured
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show | 1-3 months
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The causitive organism of lyme disease is a | show 🗑
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greater than 80% lymphocytes in a CSF specimen with no organisms seen in usually indicative of meningitis caused by | show 🗑
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show | streptococcus pyrogenes
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_______________is the biological indicator used for steam high temp sterilization, PPO, Liquid paracetic acid | show 🗑
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used for steam sterilization low temp | show 🗑
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show | b subtilisbaringer
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used for ETO and dry heat | show 🗑
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show | endemic
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show | epidemic
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epidemic that involves large geographical areas or several continents | show 🗑
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show | Herd immunity
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number of cases of a disease exsisting in a population at a point in time | show 🗑
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number of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time | show 🗑
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show | mortality rate
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whether what is intended to be measured is, in fact, measured | show 🗑
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population at risk. Example patient days | show 🗑
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Example is device days | show 🗑
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Same as the classical rate but always uses 100 as the constant | show 🗑
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show | surveillance
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ability of a test (criterion) to detect a condition, if the condition is truly present. When we apply the test we only get positives | show 🗑
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Ability of a test (criterion) to not detect a condition if the condition is truly not present | show 🗑
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A group of individuals who are healthy/measure risk factors exposures over time/ look for differences in disease frequencies according to exposure levels | show 🗑
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Neither the researcher nor the subject know to which treatment group the subject is assigned | show 🗑
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show | mean
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The middle value of an ordered group of values | show 🗑
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The most commonly occuring value in a data set | show 🗑
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The largest value minus the smallest value in a data set | show 🗑
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show | standard deviation
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Normal distribution | show 🗑
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Techniques used to numerically describe the characteristics of a population or sample | show 🗑
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show | Inferential statistics
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show | Apha type 1 error
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Probability of not rejecting a false null hypothesis | show 🗑
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When we know something about the population from which the sample is drawn | show 🗑
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What we use to compare our data | show 🗑
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show | Fishers exact test
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What happens when you calculate the p value between two rates? | show 🗑
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What can you conclude if the p value is small? | show 🗑
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show | The difference is likely to occur by chance and therefore it is not statistically significant
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What do tables do? | show 🗑
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show | Displays and monitors trends in rates or numbers over time
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show | Compare size or frequency of different groups
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show | Shows pieces of a whole
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What is the first thing you need to do in investigating an outbreak? | show 🗑
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Allows comparision of a set of data (observed values) to a set of theoretically generated values (expected values) in a formal way | show 🗑
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Gives direction for additional microbiological testing methods, directs the initial selelction of antimicrobial agents, helps determine the quality of the speicimen | show 🗑
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In order to formulate a hypothesis on the possible cause of an outbreak, the cases should be characterized by _________________ | show 🗑
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Can be used to evaluate the effect of a variable on outcomes to calculate an odds ratio or relative risk if each cell of the table is greater than 5 | show 🗑
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show | inhibition of the organisms cell wall synthesis
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When investigating an outbreak you should characterize the cases according to | show 🗑
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show | Campylobacter
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Describes an epidemic, is expressed as a percent, used for particular populations, and observed for a limited period of time | show 🗑
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show | Epidemiology
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Used by the ICP and is a process which includes analysis, data collection, and correction | show 🗑
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Attack rate formula | show 🗑
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show | p Value
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show | On a normally distributed data set 99% of the value lies within 3 standard deviations from the mean
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The most frequently used ratio of controls to cases to provide the best power in a case-control design study is | show 🗑
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The Fishers exact statistical test is used when | show 🗑
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show | writing the report
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show | Incidence rate, prevalance rate, and incidence density
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show | # new cases/population at riskx 100
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Incidence density rate formula | show 🗑
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Classic incidence rate | show 🗑
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show | Pseudo- outbreaks
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Myabe defined as the ability of a test to detect true positives (persons with the disease) when applied to a population with the disease | show 🗑
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show | a negative result will be more accurate that a positive
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usually occur on the basis of transmission by a vehicle | show 🗑
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the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number at risk during a given time and multiplied by a constant | show 🗑
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show | A case control study
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show | Specificty
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Measure of dispersion that reflects the variability in values around the mean | show 🗑
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show | Indirect
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show | Both consistant and reproducible
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show | prove an association, only suggest that it exists
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Useful for showing two sets of data on a single graph/uses lines and points/uses a histogram | show 🗑
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The removal of all visible dust, soil, and any other foreign material | show 🗑
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reduction in microbial population on an inanimate object to a safe or relatively safe level | show 🗑
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show | Decontamination
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process that kills or destroys nearly all diseas producing microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores; antiseptices are used on skin and disinfectants are used on inanimate objects | show 🗑
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show | High level disinfectants
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show | Intermediate level disinfection
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show | Low-level disinfection
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Chemical that destroys microorganisms used to kill disease causing microorganisms but not bacterial spores/used on both living tissues and inanimate objects | show 🗑
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inhibits the growth of bacteria but does not necessarily kill them | show 🗑
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show | bactericidal
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show | Sterilization
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a chemical that either inhibits the growth of microorganisms or destroys them | show 🗑
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A cleaning agent composed of a "surface wetting agent" which reduces the surface tension, a "builder" which is the principle cleaning agent, and a "sequestering or chelating agent" to suspend the soil | show 🗑
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The main three organisms a cleaner needs to kill to be approved as a hospital disinfectant | show 🗑
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Critical means that it has contact with normally | show 🗑
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Semi critical means that it has contact with | show 🗑
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show | intact skin
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All _________items needs to be sterile | show 🗑
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Stpes in the cleaning process for patient care supplies | show 🗑
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show | clean, disinfect, rinse, dry, store
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cleaning is accomplished by a vigourously agitated detergent bath in which items to be clean are immersed | show 🗑
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show | Ultrasonic cleaner
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hot water wash, rinse, dry <100 for 30 30 min used for respiratory and anesthesia equipment | show 🗑
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used in surgical suites, burn and TB units/ kills droplet nuclei killed by UV | show 🗑
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used on thermometers, stethoscopes, skin/effect against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses | show 🗑
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used in hydrotherapy tanks, renal dialysis equipment, CPR manikins, lavatories, pools. Effective against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses/inactivated by organic matter/you have to get an item clean before it will work | show 🗑
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effectve against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses | show 🗑
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show | Phenolics
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USed to clean walls, floors and furnishings/ broad spectrum/no TB claim | show 🗑
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show | Aldehydes/glutraldehyde
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show | formaldehyde
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show | Peroxygens/hydrogen peroxide
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used for HLD sterilization of instruments | show 🗑
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Two methods of sterilization | show 🗑
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show | Ethylene oxide
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following surgery on a dirty wound, the greatest risk of infection complications is assoicated with | show 🗑
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Chemical indicators | show 🗑
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Biological indicators | show 🗑
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Testing of water used for dialysis includes | show 🗑
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show | Fishbone diagram
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show | risk management
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show | A pie or circle map
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In the ______domain the individual embraces new attitudes, values, and beliefs in the learning process | show 🗑
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the method of learning in which the educator provides the learner with a template or prescription for learning | show 🗑
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The first step in preparation of any education program is | show 🗑
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used to determine the interests and readiness of the group to learn | show 🗑
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show | Instruction objective
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This domain has recall, application and analytical levels of knowledge; involves the development of intellectual abilities | show 🗑
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The domain is where learning embraces new attitudes, values, beliefs and ways of feeling; self esteem and desired to learn grows in caring respectful relationships | show 🗑
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show | Psychomotor
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show | Descriptive studies
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Studies that compare individuals with and without an outcome with the presence of one or more risk factors | show 🗑
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Studies where outcome and risk factors reviewed in a population group at one poin in time; outcomes measured | show 🗑
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population of individuals with and without an outcome of interest studied for exposure to one or more risk factos; studies are quicker, less expensive and easier | show 🗑
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show | Cohort study
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show | Facilitator of learning
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show | Learning
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recall or recognition of knowledge involving the acqusition of new abilities | show 🗑
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The art and science of helping adults to learn | show 🗑
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teaching a strategy that provides situational learning experiences close to real situations | show 🗑
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show | Carl Rogers
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show | A tree map
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a methond in which the educator provides the learner with a rubic or presentation for learning | show 🗑
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What three categories do adult learners generally fall into? | show 🗑
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conducted during the educational session to provide immediate feedback and allow for changes to be made | show 🗑
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show | Summative evaluation
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show | The qualitative research process
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A major difference between a prospective and a retrospective study is that the prospective study may | show 🗑
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show | a case control study is less time consuming and less expensive
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Analysis of quantitative research may be used to | show 🗑
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show | participants and investigators do not affect the outcome by biases
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show | A descriptive study
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show | Restrict from patient contact unitl discharge ceases
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show | No restrictions
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Work restrictions for diarrhea | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for salmonella | show 🗑
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show | Exclude from duty until antimicrobial therapy is completed and two negaive cultures 24 hours apart
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Work restrictions for enteroviral infections | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for Hepatitis A | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for Hepatitis B | show 🗑
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show | No recommendations refer to facility and state regs
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show | No restrictions
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show | Restrict until lesions healed
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show | Restrict from high risk until lesions heal
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show | Restrict personnel who perform exposure prone invasive procedures from duty until expert review council has been consulted, refer to state guidelines, no restrictions for employees who do not perform exposure prone procedures
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Work restrictions for Measles | show 🗑
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show | exclude from duty until 24 hours after start of effective therapy
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Work restrictions for mumps | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for lice | show 🗑
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Work restrictions for pertussis | show 🗑
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show | Active exvlude from duty unitl 5 days after rash appears.Post exposure- exclude from duty from day 7 until after first exposure through day 21 after last exposure
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show | Restrict from patient contact untill cleared by medical evaluation after treatment
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show | Active draining lesions restrict from contact with patients or food handling Carrier state- no restrictions unless personnel are epidemiologically linked to a transmission of the organism
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show | Restrict from patient contact or food handling until 24 hours after adequate treatment started
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|
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Immunizations for hepatitis B | show 🗑
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show | One dose SC; 2nd dose at least one month after
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Immuniation for Mumps live | show 🗑
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Immunization for Rubella | show 🗑
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show | Two 0.5 doses SC 4-8 week apart if >13 years
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Immunization for tetanus and Diptheria | show 🗑
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Prophylaxis for Diptheria | show 🗑
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Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A | show 🗑
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Prophylaxis for Hepatitis B | show 🗑
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Prophylaxis for memigococcal disease | show 🗑
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Prophylaxis for pertussis | show 🗑
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Interpretation of TB test | show 🗑
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show | define the problem, create a hypothesis, and determine common factors to help determine the cause
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show | Elisa test and Western blot
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show | Epidemic curve
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Serum that is positive for HBeAG idicates | show 🗑
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Biological indicators should be performed at least | show 🗑
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show | Geobacillus Stearothermophilus
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Influenza vaccination rates in helathcare personnel is an example of a _____________indicator | show 🗑
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show | 8 to 10 days
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show | date of conversion, assigned work site, and job category
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_______________allow the learner to increase knowledge independently or in small group situations | show 🗑
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In diagnostic testing for Hepatitis A ________is the antibody that appears during the acute illness and declines over 6-12 months. _________________rises later that IgM but persits indefinetly and is believed to be reponsible for lifelong immunity | show 🗑
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In diagonsitic testing for HEP B ___________is an outer surface antigen that serves as a marker for ongoing infection | show 🗑
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HBsAG is found in the serum ____________after exposure | show 🗑
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show | chronic infection
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show | HBc IgM
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In testing for Hepatitis B __________persists for life and serves as a marker for previous natural HBV infection | show 🗑
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For adult learners, learning is often motivated by | show 🗑
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The leader provides specific direction regarding what is to be done, when, and by whom. The educator determins the process and the content of the decision making | show 🗑
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show | democratic style
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show | encouraging and socializing style
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the educator allows the members to determine the direction of the learning. The educator tells the members of the group the nature of the task and then removes themself from involvement. | show 🗑
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show | IgM
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show | time, place, and person
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A student demonstrates appropriate tacheostomy suctioning technique to an instructor. This is an example of | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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