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CBIC study notes

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Presence of microorganisms in or on a host with growth, but without tissue invastion or damage.   show
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Entry of an infectious agent in the tissues of the host which multiplies and creates symptoms.   show
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show Contamination  
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Ability to cause disease   show
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show Invasiveness  
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Number of organisms needed for infection to occur   show
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show Virulence  
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Habitat where an infectious agent lives, multiplies and or grows   show
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show Fomite  
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show Gram stain  
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show Gram positive  
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Stain= red   show
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show Catalase test  
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Catalase positive   show
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Catalase Negative   show
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Used to differentiate Staph Areus and Staph Epi   show
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show Staph areus  
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show Not Staph areus  
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show Morphology (Cocci vs. bacilli or rods)Gram stain characteristicsOxygen utilization  
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show Aerobic  
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Does not need oxygen to survive   show
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Four groups of bacteria   show
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show Staphylococcus areus and epidermisStreptococcusEnterococcus  
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Gram + Bacilli   show
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Gram - Cocci   show
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show KlebsiellaProteusMorganellaE coliSalmonellaCitrobacterEnterobacterShigellaPseudomonasAcinetobacter  
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show IgM  
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show IgG  
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show Active immunity  
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show Passive immunity  
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Immediate immunity / B cell produces antibodies/ circulating always ready to go   show
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T cells produce lymphokines/ dont have material already there   show
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First cells to arrive at an inflammatory focus   show
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show Basophils  
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show Eosonophils  
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show Gram + cocci, appear in clusters under the microscope.Aureus- coagulase + 20-30% of population carry this bacteria. Common cause of skin infectionsEpidermidis- Coagulase -. Common contaminant of blood cultures of common pathogen in prosthetic devices.  
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Enterococcus   show
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show Gram + Cocci appear in chainsPneumoniae also known as pneumococcusPyogenes AKA group A- Necrotizing fascitis and strep throat  
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show Gram + rod/ spore forming/ anaerobic  
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Antimicrobial therapy initiated when no information about causitive pathogen is known, patient is sufficiently ill to warrant treatment before C&S tests are available or clinical site of infection may give an indication of likely pathogen   show
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Antimicrobial therapy initiated because infecting agent is known, susceptibility tests have been done, and appropriate antimicrobial dosage are known   show
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show Broth dilution  
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show MIC  
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Standard lawn of bacteria is placed on agar media/ reported as susceptible, intermidiate or resistant/ Paper disk impregnated with standard amount of antibiotic placed on agar surface/ zone of inhibition around disk measured at 16-24 hours dep on organism   show
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Computer assisted manual overnight broth dilution test system/ semiautomated overnight broth microdilution test system   show
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show Acute bacterial disease usually affecting the skinDiagnostic tesing blood, lesions or discharges by direct polychrome methylene blue stained smears or culturesIncubation period- hours to 7 days most w/n 48 hoursIsolation contactTx- Cipro, PCN,  
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show Bronchial damage and intermittent bronchial pluggingDiagnostic testing- intradermal or scratch test/ culture of sputum/ fungus balls in lungs.Incubation- few days to weeksTx- corticosteriod/ surgical resection/ fungizone.  
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Hep A   show
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show Anti HAV IgM is the antibody that appears during the acute illness and declines over 6-12 monthsAnti HAV IgG rises later than IgM but persists indefinately and is belived to provide lifelong immunity after natural infection  
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Diagnostic testing for Hep B   show
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Diagnostic testing for Hep C   show
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Resistant to PCNs and Cephalosporins   show
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Fever   show
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show Should have few epithelia cells  
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show Spirochete- borreli burgdoferi  
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Hospital grade disinfectants are tested for effectiveness against which organisms?   show
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Recording and analyzing all medication administration errors from April 1 to April 30th on an internal medicine ward is an example of what kind of study?   show
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Starts with a healthy populations and follows them to measure develpment of disease and levels of exposure to possible risk factors   show
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Neither the subject nor the Principle Investigator are aware of the treatment regimen being given to the subject   show
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show Beta or type 2 error  
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show Ztest  
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show 2x2 tables in which any given cell value is expected to be less than 5  
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show Delegate the whole task, specify results desired, and have associate repeat the project expectations to you  
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A budget in which you detail by category every expenditure that you plan for the next year   show
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In an operating room related outbreak, there is a serious morbidity and one death. You need to close the OR for a while. This managmement style would be   show
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Contemporary management theories include   show
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show Contigency theory  
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The major focus on the annual infection control activities report should be   show
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Surveillance is used for   show
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What type of study measures incidence?   show
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show Pandemic  
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show IgM  
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show PCR  
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show 2-6 weeks  
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show 1-4 days  
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The most important vaccine for a patient who has had their spleen removed is the   show
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show Herd immunity  
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The type of surveillance that begins with results then looks at risk factors is   show
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show Type II error  
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show Cleaning followed by HLD  
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show Dead white blood cells  
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show Cognitive  
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The test designed to challenge the vacuum pump in a pre-vaccuum steam sterilizer is the   show
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What can be used for both antisepsis and disinfection   show
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show Nurseries  
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show Bacillus atrophaeus in every load  
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show Biological  
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show Ethylene oxide  
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What percentage of microorgansisms is harmful to humans because they grow at room temperature   show
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show Dates of symptomsPerson, place and time,surveillance  
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Gram stains classify an organism as Gram positive or Gram negative. This allows for early identification of suspected organisms for the treatment of   show
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show epidemiology  
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show immune system  
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show Resolved infections  
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An organism that lives upon, or within another organism and at whose expense, obtains some advantage   show
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show cellular  
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An obligate intracellular parasite that requires a living host cells to grow and reproduce   show
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show fungi  
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show IgM  
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Air flow in health care should always go from   show
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bacteria may appear in three shapes   show
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show Hepatitis D  
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The determinant factors for gram stains are cell wall components of   show
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An example of an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium would be an organism responsible for   show
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When talking about AFB specimens, _____________identify the AFB, and ____________ identify the species   show
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can grow in the small bowel and cause diarrhea in children and travelers diarrhea through the production of enterotoxins   show
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show neutrophils  
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The most common bacterial infection of vascular access site is   show
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show it should be cultured  
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show 1-3 months  
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The causitive organism of lyme disease is a   show
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greater than 80% lymphocytes in a CSF specimen with no organisms seen in usually indicative of meningitis caused by   show
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show streptococcus pyrogenes  
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_______________is the biological indicator used for steam high temp sterilization, PPO, Liquid paracetic acid   show
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used for steam sterilization low temp   show
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show b subtilisbaringer  
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used for ETO and dry heat   show
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show endemic  
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show epidemic  
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epidemic that involves large geographical areas or several continents   show
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show Herd immunity  
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number of cases of a disease exsisting in a population at a point in time   show
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number of new cases of a disease in a population over a period of time   show
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show mortality rate  
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whether what is intended to be measured is, in fact, measured   show
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population at risk. Example patient days   show
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Example is device days   show
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Same as the classical rate but always uses 100 as the constant   show
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show surveillance  
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ability of a test (criterion) to detect a condition, if the condition is truly present. When we apply the test we only get positives   show
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Ability of a test (criterion) to not detect a condition if the condition is truly not present   show
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A group of individuals who are healthy/measure risk factors exposures over time/ look for differences in disease frequencies according to exposure levels   show
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Neither the researcher nor the subject know to which treatment group the subject is assigned   show
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show mean  
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The middle value of an ordered group of values   show
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The most commonly occuring value in a data set   show
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The largest value minus the smallest value in a data set   show
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show standard deviation  
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Normal distribution   show
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Techniques used to numerically describe the characteristics of a population or sample   show
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show Inferential statistics  
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show Apha type 1 error  
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Probability of not rejecting a false null hypothesis   show
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When we know something about the population from which the sample is drawn   show
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What we use to compare our data   show
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show Fishers exact test  
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What happens when you calculate the p value between two rates?   show
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What can you conclude if the p value is small?   show
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show The difference is likely to occur by chance and therefore it is not statistically significant  
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What do tables do?   show
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show Displays and monitors trends in rates or numbers over time  
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show Compare size or frequency of different groups  
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show Shows pieces of a whole  
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What is the first thing you need to do in investigating an outbreak?   show
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Allows comparision of a set of data (observed values) to a set of theoretically generated values (expected values) in a formal way   show
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Gives direction for additional microbiological testing methods, directs the initial selelction of antimicrobial agents, helps determine the quality of the speicimen   show
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In order to formulate a hypothesis on the possible cause of an outbreak, the cases should be characterized by _________________   show
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Can be used to evaluate the effect of a variable on outcomes to calculate an odds ratio or relative risk if each cell of the table is greater than 5   show
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show inhibition of the organisms cell wall synthesis  
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When investigating an outbreak you should characterize the cases according to   show
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show Campylobacter  
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Describes an epidemic, is expressed as a percent, used for particular populations, and observed for a limited period of time   show
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show Epidemiology  
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Used by the ICP and is a process which includes analysis, data collection, and correction   show
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Attack rate formula   show
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show p Value  
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show On a normally distributed data set 99% of the value lies within 3 standard deviations from the mean  
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The most frequently used ratio of controls to cases to provide the best power in a case-control design study is   show
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The Fishers exact statistical test is used when   show
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show writing the report  
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show Incidence rate, prevalance rate, and incidence density  
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show # new cases/population at riskx 100  
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Incidence density rate formula   show
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Classic incidence rate   show
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show Pseudo- outbreaks  
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Myabe defined as the ability of a test to detect true positives (persons with the disease) when applied to a population with the disease   show
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show a negative result will be more accurate that a positive  
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usually occur on the basis of transmission by a vehicle   show
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the number of new cases of a disease divided by the number at risk during a given time and multiplied by a constant   show
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show A case control study  
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show Specificty  
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Measure of dispersion that reflects the variability in values around the mean   show
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show Indirect  
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show Both consistant and reproducible  
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show prove an association, only suggest that it exists  
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Useful for showing two sets of data on a single graph/uses lines and points/uses a histogram   show
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The removal of all visible dust, soil, and any other foreign material   show
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reduction in microbial population on an inanimate object to a safe or relatively safe level   show
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show Decontamination  
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process that kills or destroys nearly all diseas producing microorganisms with the exception of bacterial spores; antiseptices are used on skin and disinfectants are used on inanimate objects   show
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show High level disinfectants  
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show Intermediate level disinfection  
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show Low-level disinfection  
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Chemical that destroys microorganisms used to kill disease causing microorganisms but not bacterial spores/used on both living tissues and inanimate objects   show
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inhibits the growth of bacteria but does not necessarily kill them   show
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show bactericidal  
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show Sterilization  
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a chemical that either inhibits the growth of microorganisms or destroys them   show
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A cleaning agent composed of a "surface wetting agent" which reduces the surface tension, a "builder" which is the principle cleaning agent, and a "sequestering or chelating agent" to suspend the soil   show
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The main three organisms a cleaner needs to kill to be approved as a hospital disinfectant   show
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Critical means that it has contact with normally   show
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Semi critical means that it has contact with   show
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show intact skin  
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All _________items needs to be sterile   show
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Stpes in the cleaning process for patient care supplies   show
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show clean, disinfect, rinse, dry, store  
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cleaning is accomplished by a vigourously agitated detergent bath in which items to be clean are immersed   show
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show Ultrasonic cleaner  
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hot water wash, rinse, dry <100 for 30 30 min used for respiratory and anesthesia equipment   show
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used in surgical suites, burn and TB units/ kills droplet nuclei killed by UV   show
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used on thermometers, stethoscopes, skin/effect against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses   show
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used in hydrotherapy tanks, renal dialysis equipment, CPR manikins, lavatories, pools. Effective against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses/inactivated by organic matter/you have to get an item clean before it will work   show
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effectve against bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses   show
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show Phenolics  
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USed to clean walls, floors and furnishings/ broad spectrum/no TB claim   show
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show Aldehydes/glutraldehyde  
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show formaldehyde  
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show Peroxygens/hydrogen peroxide  
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used for HLD sterilization of instruments   show
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Two methods of sterilization   show
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show Ethylene oxide  
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following surgery on a dirty wound, the greatest risk of infection complications is assoicated with   show
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Chemical indicators   show
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Biological indicators   show
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Testing of water used for dialysis includes   show
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show Fishbone diagram  
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show risk management  
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show A pie or circle map  
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In the ______domain the individual embraces new attitudes, values, and beliefs in the learning process   show
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the method of learning in which the educator provides the learner with a template or prescription for learning   show
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The first step in preparation of any education program is   show
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used to determine the interests and readiness of the group to learn   show
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show Instruction objective  
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This domain has recall, application and analytical levels of knowledge; involves the development of intellectual abilities   show
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The domain is where learning embraces new attitudes, values, beliefs and ways of feeling; self esteem and desired to learn grows in caring respectful relationships   show
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show Psychomotor  
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show Descriptive studies  
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Studies that compare individuals with and without an outcome with the presence of one or more risk factors   show
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Studies where outcome and risk factors reviewed in a population group at one poin in time; outcomes measured   show
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population of individuals with and without an outcome of interest studied for exposure to one or more risk factos; studies are quicker, less expensive and easier   show
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show Cohort study  
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show Facilitator of learning  
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show Learning  
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recall or recognition of knowledge involving the acqusition of new abilities   show
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The art and science of helping adults to learn   show
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teaching a strategy that provides situational learning experiences close to real situations   show
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show Carl Rogers  
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show A tree map  
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a methond in which the educator provides the learner with a rubic or presentation for learning   show
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What three categories do adult learners generally fall into?   show
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conducted during the educational session to provide immediate feedback and allow for changes to be made   show
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show Summative evaluation  
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show The qualitative research process  
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A major difference between a prospective and a retrospective study is that the prospective study may   show
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show a case control study is less time consuming and less expensive  
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Analysis of quantitative research may be used to   show
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show participants and investigators do not affect the outcome by biases  
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show A descriptive study  
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show Restrict from patient contact unitl discharge ceases  
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show No restrictions  
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Work restrictions for diarrhea   show
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Work restrictions for salmonella   show
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show Exclude from duty until antimicrobial therapy is completed and two negaive cultures 24 hours apart  
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Work restrictions for enteroviral infections   show
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Work restrictions for Hepatitis A   show
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Work restrictions for Hepatitis B   show
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show No recommendations refer to facility and state regs  
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show No restrictions  
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show Restrict until lesions healed  
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show Restrict from high risk until lesions heal  
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show Restrict personnel who perform exposure prone invasive procedures from duty until expert review council has been consulted, refer to state guidelines, no restrictions for employees who do not perform exposure prone procedures  
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Work restrictions for Measles   show
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show exclude from duty until 24 hours after start of effective therapy  
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Work restrictions for mumps   show
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Work restrictions for lice   show
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Work restrictions for pertussis   show
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show Active exvlude from duty unitl 5 days after rash appears.Post exposure- exclude from duty from day 7 until after first exposure through day 21 after last exposure  
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show Restrict from patient contact untill cleared by medical evaluation after treatment  
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show Active draining lesions restrict from contact with patients or food handling Carrier state- no restrictions unless personnel are epidemiologically linked to a transmission of the organism  
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show Restrict from patient contact or food handling until 24 hours after adequate treatment started  
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Immunizations for hepatitis B   show
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show One dose SC; 2nd dose at least one month after  
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Immuniation for Mumps live   show
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Immunization for Rubella   show
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show Two 0.5 doses SC 4-8 week apart if >13 years  
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Immunization for tetanus and Diptheria   show
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Prophylaxis for Diptheria   show
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Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A   show
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Prophylaxis for Hepatitis B   show
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Prophylaxis for memigococcal disease   show
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Prophylaxis for pertussis   show
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Interpretation of TB test   show
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show define the problem, create a hypothesis, and determine common factors to help determine the cause  
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show Elisa test and Western blot  
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show Epidemic curve  
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Serum that is positive for HBeAG idicates   show
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Biological indicators should be performed at least   show
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show Geobacillus Stearothermophilus  
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Influenza vaccination rates in helathcare personnel is an example of a _____________indicator   show
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show 8 to 10 days  
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show date of conversion, assigned work site, and job category  
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_______________allow the learner to increase knowledge independently or in small group situations   show
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In diagnostic testing for Hepatitis A ________is the antibody that appears during the acute illness and declines over 6-12 months. _________________rises later that IgM but persits indefinetly and is believed to be reponsible for lifelong immunity   show
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In diagonsitic testing for HEP B ___________is an outer surface antigen that serves as a marker for ongoing infection   show
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HBsAG is found in the serum ____________after exposure   show
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show chronic infection  
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show HBc IgM  
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In testing for Hepatitis B __________persists for life and serves as a marker for previous natural HBV infection   show
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For adult learners, learning is often motivated by   show
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The leader provides specific direction regarding what is to be done, when, and by whom. The educator determins the process and the content of the decision making   show
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show democratic style  
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show encouraging and socializing style  
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the educator allows the members to determine the direction of the learning. The educator tells the members of the group the nature of the task and then removes themself from involvement.   show
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show IgM  
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show time, place, and person  
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A student demonstrates appropriate tacheostomy suctioning technique to an instructor. This is an example of   show
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