pathology of blood vessels
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| Monckeberg arteriosclerosis | involves media of medium-sized muscular arteries, mostly radial and ulnar
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| Monckeberg arteriosclerosis | ring like calcifications tha does not abstruct arterial flow, results in stiff, calcific "pipestem arteries
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| arteriosclerosis | hyaline thickening or proliferative change of small arteris and arterioles, especially kidneys
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| arteriosclerosis | usually associated with HTN or DM
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| hyaline arteriolosclerosis | hyaline thickening; causes benign nephrosclerosos; is associated with HTN
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| hyperplastic arteriosclerosis | concentric, laminated onionskin; causes malignant nephrosclerosis and is associated with malignant HTN
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| characteristics of atherosclerosis | central core of cholesterol; fibrous cap of smooth muscle, foam cells, fibirin; may develop from fatty streaks
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| complications of atherosclerosis | ulceration, hemorrhage into plaque, or calcification of plaque; thrombosis; embolization
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| atherosclerotic aneurysm | most frequently occurs in descending, especially abdominal, aorta
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| syphilitic aneurysm | tertiary syphilis; caused by syphalitic aortitis, characterized by obliterative endarteritis of the vasa vasorum and necrosis of media
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| syphalitic aneurysm | characteristically involves ascending aorta leading to aortic valve insufficiency
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| dissecting aneurysm | longitudinal intraluminal tear; characterixtically results in aortic rupture
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| dissecting aneurysm | associated with HTN, cystic medial necrosis; no relation to atherosclerosis
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| A-V fistula | abnormal communication between artery and a vein; can be secondary to trauma; may result in ischemic changes and aneurysm formation from increased venous pressure; may cause high output cardiac failure from hypervolemia
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| venous thrombosis | most often from deep veins of lower extremities; predisposed by venous circulatory stasis; may give rise to embolism; often associated with inflammation
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| spider telangiectasia | dilated small vessel surrounded by radiating fine channels; associated with hyperestrinism
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| hemangioma | responsible for port wine stain birthmarks
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| capillary hemangioma | tangle of closely packed capillary like channesl that may occur in skin, SQ, liver, splen, or kidneys
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| cavernous hemangioma | large cavernous vascular spaces in skin and mucosal surfaces; can occure in von Hippel-Lindau disease
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| hemangioendothelioma | intermediate in behavior between benign and malignant
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| hemangiopericytoma | arises from pericytes and varies in behavior from benign to malignant
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| hemangiosarcoma | rare malignant vascular tumor occuring in skin, musculoskeletal, breast and liver; associated with arsnic, radioactive diagnostic agent thorium dioxide; polyvinyl chloride associated with liver lesions
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| classic kaposi sarcoma | older men of jewish or mediterranean orgin
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| endemic kaposi sarcoma | young african men
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| epidemic kaposi sarcoma | AIDS
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| polyarteritis nodosa | necrotizing immune complex inflammation; aneurysmal nodules, from destruction of arterial media nad internal elastic lamella
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| polyarteritis nodosa | associated with HBV, P-ANCA's
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| hypersensitivity vasculitis | immune complex mediated vasculitides characterized by acute inflammation of small blood vessels
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| hypersensitvity vasculitis | manifest by palpable purpura; may be precipitated by exogenous antiens or as a complication of systemic illness
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| wegner granolumatosis | necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels of repiratory tract and kidneys
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| wegener granulomatosis | dominated clinically by respiratory tract signs and symptoms, especially of the paranasal sinuses and lungs, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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| wegener granulomatosis | manifest by fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries/veins, early infiltration by neutrophils; granuloma formation prominant
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| wegener granulomatosis | C-ANCA's
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| giant cell arteritides | usually affects branches of carotid artery
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| temporal arteritis | systemic vasculitis most often in elderly; manifests as headache, tenderness/palbable nodules along course of artery, vidual impairment, polymylagia rheumatica
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| takayasu arteritis | aortic arch syndrome; manifest by absent pulses in carotid, radial and ulnar arteries
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| kawasaki disease | acute, self limited illness of infants and young children, characterized by acute necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium sized vessels
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| kawasaki disease | manifest clinically by fever, hemorrhagic edema of conjunctivae/lips/oral mucosa, and cervical lymphadenopathy
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| beurger disease | acute inflammation involving small to medium sized arteries of extremities; reults in ischemic disease; cigarette smoking
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