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blood vessel path
pathology of blood vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monckeberg arteriosclerosis | involves media of medium-sized muscular arteries, mostly radial and ulnar |
| Monckeberg arteriosclerosis | ring like calcifications tha does not abstruct arterial flow, results in stiff, calcific "pipestem arteries |
| arteriosclerosis | hyaline thickening or proliferative change of small arteris and arterioles, especially kidneys |
| arteriosclerosis | usually associated with HTN or DM |
| hyaline arteriolosclerosis | hyaline thickening; causes benign nephrosclerosos; is associated with HTN |
| hyperplastic arteriosclerosis | concentric, laminated onionskin; causes malignant nephrosclerosis and is associated with malignant HTN |
| characteristics of atherosclerosis | central core of cholesterol; fibrous cap of smooth muscle, foam cells, fibirin; may develop from fatty streaks |
| complications of atherosclerosis | ulceration, hemorrhage into plaque, or calcification of plaque; thrombosis; embolization |
| atherosclerotic aneurysm | most frequently occurs in descending, especially abdominal, aorta |
| syphilitic aneurysm | tertiary syphilis; caused by syphalitic aortitis, characterized by obliterative endarteritis of the vasa vasorum and necrosis of media |
| syphalitic aneurysm | characteristically involves ascending aorta leading to aortic valve insufficiency |
| dissecting aneurysm | longitudinal intraluminal tear; characterixtically results in aortic rupture |
| dissecting aneurysm | associated with HTN, cystic medial necrosis; no relation to atherosclerosis |
| A-V fistula | abnormal communication between artery and a vein; can be secondary to trauma; may result in ischemic changes and aneurysm formation from increased venous pressure; may cause high output cardiac failure from hypervolemia |
| venous thrombosis | most often from deep veins of lower extremities; predisposed by venous circulatory stasis; may give rise to embolism; often associated with inflammation |
| spider telangiectasia | dilated small vessel surrounded by radiating fine channels; associated with hyperestrinism |
| hemangioma | responsible for port wine stain birthmarks |
| capillary hemangioma | tangle of closely packed capillary like channesl that may occur in skin, SQ, liver, splen, or kidneys |
| cavernous hemangioma | large cavernous vascular spaces in skin and mucosal surfaces; can occure in von Hippel-Lindau disease |
| hemangioendothelioma | intermediate in behavior between benign and malignant |
| hemangiopericytoma | arises from pericytes and varies in behavior from benign to malignant |
| hemangiosarcoma | rare malignant vascular tumor occuring in skin, musculoskeletal, breast and liver; associated with arsnic, radioactive diagnostic agent thorium dioxide; polyvinyl chloride associated with liver lesions |
| classic kaposi sarcoma | older men of jewish or mediterranean orgin |
| endemic kaposi sarcoma | young african men |
| epidemic kaposi sarcoma | AIDS |
| polyarteritis nodosa | necrotizing immune complex inflammation; aneurysmal nodules, from destruction of arterial media nad internal elastic lamella |
| polyarteritis nodosa | associated with HBV, P-ANCA's |
| hypersensitivity vasculitis | immune complex mediated vasculitides characterized by acute inflammation of small blood vessels |
| hypersensitvity vasculitis | manifest by palpable purpura; may be precipitated by exogenous antiens or as a complication of systemic illness |
| wegner granolumatosis | necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels of repiratory tract and kidneys |
| wegener granulomatosis | dominated clinically by respiratory tract signs and symptoms, especially of the paranasal sinuses and lungs, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
| wegener granulomatosis | manifest by fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries/veins, early infiltration by neutrophils; granuloma formation prominant |
| wegener granulomatosis | C-ANCA's |
| giant cell arteritides | usually affects branches of carotid artery |
| temporal arteritis | systemic vasculitis most often in elderly; manifests as headache, tenderness/palbable nodules along course of artery, vidual impairment, polymylagia rheumatica |
| takayasu arteritis | aortic arch syndrome; manifest by absent pulses in carotid, radial and ulnar arteries |
| kawasaki disease | acute, self limited illness of infants and young children, characterized by acute necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium sized vessels |
| kawasaki disease | manifest clinically by fever, hemorrhagic edema of conjunctivae/lips/oral mucosa, and cervical lymphadenopathy |
| beurger disease | acute inflammation involving small to medium sized arteries of extremities; reults in ischemic disease; cigarette smoking |
Created by:
swohlers
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