vi sinh
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| Lymphocytes | are recognize antigens have specific receptors in their membranes ( B-cells & T-cells)
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| Naive | Have never encountered (gặp phải) foreign antigens
Found in bloodstream and lymphoid Organs
They are waiting for antigens
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| Effector T | Can eliminating foreign antigens:
CD4 + "helper" T cells ( activate and help othe cells)
CD8 + CTLs ( have cytoplasmic filled with proteins)
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| Effector B | Antibody secretly cells: Plasma Cell
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| memory cells | Survive in "resting", already encountered an antigen before
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| immunoglobulins (antibodies) structure | Y shape has:
1 FC (thân)
2 Fab (Antigen binding)
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| immunoglobulins found in | Free antibodies secreted by B
Cell membrane of B (BCR)
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| T-cells receptor(TCR) | found in cell membrane of T
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| Differ between antibodies and TCR | Antibodies can recognize: any kind + free antigens
TCR can recognize only: protein anti + anti that are bound inside MHC
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| MHC molecules | major histocompatibility complex molecules (vai trò cầu nối giữa T-cells vs antigen)
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| The cellular immune response function | Important in the elimination of:
Cells infected with intracellular pathogens
Tumoral cells
Foreign human cells ( allogeneic) : tb ko thuộc host
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| immune response steps | Recognition antigens by naive cell
Activation of cell
Proliferation (sinh sôi) of cell
Differentiation into effector cells (some memory cell)
+ T- cell: Migration (di chuyển) of effector to infection place
+ B- cell: Production of antibodies
Elimina
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| CD4+ T cells | Helper cells interact with MHC class II (produce and release cytokines)
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| CD8+ T cells | interact with MHC class I
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| CD4+ T cells subsets | Th 0, Th 1, Th 2, Th 17, Tfh
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| Naive CD4+ T cells | TH 0 cell
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| TH 0 cell may differentiate in to Th1,2,17 | some will become other Th1, other Th2, other Th17
some become Tfh
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| TFH (T follicular helper cells) | cell do not migrate (di chuyển), help B all in the adaptive humoral immune response
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| Th1 cells function | against intracellular pathogens
secretion of IFN gamma
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| Th2 cells function | help immune reactions mediated by IgE and mast cells
against helmonths (worms)
allergic reactions
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| Th17 cells function | destroy extracellular pathogen
mainly by inducing inflammation (chủ yếu bằng cách gây viêm)
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| memory T-cell | live long CD4+ & CD8+
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| T- cells contact the antigens twice | 1st naive T cell, 2nd effector T cell
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| humoral mean | non- cellular components of the blood
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| humoral immunity response | Mediated by secreted antibocties that produced by B cell
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| humoral immunity response type | T-independent (TI) antigens: can activate B cells directly
T-depndent (TD) antigens: need help of some T cell
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| naive B cells surface has | IgM and IgD
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| TI responses produce only | IgM
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| TI antigens have | cell wall and capsule polysaccharides
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| Protein antigens | need help by T cell (Tfh)
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| plasma cells | not have BCR
secrete large Ig
migrate to the bone marrow
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| Primary response | Slow
Antige is founded for the first time
Naive B cells are activated
IgM produced
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| Secondcay response | Faster and more effective
Antigen is founded for the 2nd 3th... time
Memory B are activated
IgM < IgG, IgA, IgE produced
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| Secondcay response only produced agains | TD antigens (protein)
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| Primary response produced agains | all kind of antigens
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