5th ME 1 and Islam
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| What does Islam mean? | "submission" or "surrender" to Allah
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| When and where was the prophet Muhammad born? | 570 AD in Mecca
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| What are the primary teachings of Islam? | Qur'an and the Sunna
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| What is Umma? | community of all Muslim believers
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| The Quran is 4/5 the size of what? | New Testament
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| The Quran is divided into 114 _______? | Suras
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| What language is the Quran written in? | Arabic
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| Who's words are the Quran? | God's words given to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel
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| Why do scholars believe it's impossible for Muhammad to have written the Quran? | It's believed that he is illiterate
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| Which is the most recited and memorized book? | the Quran
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| What does Muhammad's name mean? | the highly praised one
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| Who is reguarded as the seal of the prophets and why? | Muhammad because he's believed to be the last prophet
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| When was the Night of Power and Revelation? | 610
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| Who were the first and second converts to Islam? | Khadija, his first wife, and later his nephew Ali
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| What was the center of worship of Arabian tribal gods? | Kaaba, a cube like structure in the center of the Great Mosque
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| When and what was the Hijra? | in 622 when Muhammad and his followers travelled to Yathrib (Medina) reguraded as the turning point in history
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| When did Muhammad die? | 632
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| What did Muhammad succeed in doing by the time he died? | united most of the Arab tribes into a theocracy and most of the Arabian peninsula was under his authority
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| What did the Shiites believe? | Muhammad wanted son-in-law Ali as his successor
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| What did the Sunnis believe? | Abu Bakr should've succeeded Muhammad
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| What are the foundations of the Sunni-Shia split? | disagreed on who Muhammad's succesor should be
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| What is the Sunna? | the record of Muhammad's own teachings and actions apart from the revelations given in the Quran
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| What is Sufism? | Islamic Mysticism
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| Meanings of Jihad? | Jihad is the general spiritual struggle of a devout Muslim. The first kind is Greater Jihad which is conducted in every person to be better, and Lesser Jihad is conducted in the world
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| What is a Mosque? | central place of worship for the Muslim religion
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| What is Shahada? | the first pillar of Islam, central creedal statement
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| The four basic elements of Islam? | Quran, the prophet Muhammad, the primary teachings of Islam, and Umma
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| What does Allah mean? | the one true god of Islam
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| What is the first pillar of Islam? | confession of faith, known as the Shahada
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| What is the second pillar of Islam? | prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca
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| What is the third pillar of Islam? | fasting in the season of Ramadan
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| What is the fourth pillar of Islam? | wealth sharing
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| What is the fifth pillar of Islam? | to take a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life time, known as the Hajj
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| Which country is the Negev desert found in? | Israel
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| Which country lost the West Bank to Israel in the Six-Day War in 1968? | Jordan
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| Which country is the location of the ancient civilization of Phoenicia? | Lebanon
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| Which country's capital was once known as teh "Paris of teh Middle East" but since 1970's this country has been in an almost constant state of civil war? | Lebanon
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| Which country has the highest peak in the Middle East and legendary landing place of Noah's Ark? | Turkey
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| Which country has some animosity between this country and Israel over Israel's occupation of Golan Heights? | Syria
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| Fighting between the Greek majority and the Turks resulted in a divided capital and the Turks being given the northern 1/3 of the island? | Cyprus
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| At the end of WWII the Ottoman Empire had been reduced to this one country | Turkey
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| The official languages of this country are Hebrew and Arabic. Judaism is the faith of 82% of the population | Israel
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| Hezbollah operates out of this country | Lebanon
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| When were the crusades | 1095-1199
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| What is the Sykes-Picot agreement? | an agreement that lead to the division of the Ottoman empire after WWI into various French and British administered areas
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| What is Hamas? | created in 1987 and known for suicide bombing at odds with the PLO
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| What year was the state of Israel established? | 1948
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| What did David do? | He united the two kingdoms of northern Israel and southern Judea around 1,000 BCE
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| What is the highest peak in the Middle East and the legendary landing place of Noah's ark? | Mt. Ararat
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| what does PLO stand for? | Palestinian Liberation Order
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| What was the stratigic strip of land along the Middle East/North African trade routes and was called the gate between Africa and Asia? | Gaza Strip
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| What is the Wailing wall? | remaining wall of the temple that the Romans did not destroy
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| What is the famous mosque located on the temple mount? | Dome of the Rock (690 CE)
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| What is diaspora? | the situation of the Jews living away from Israel, their ancestoral homeland is called
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| The Balfour declaration? | stated Great Britain's support for the creation of a Jewish homeland while promising to do nothing to violate the rights of Arabs living there
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| when was WWI? | 1914-1918
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| When was WWII? | 1939-1945
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| What were the Camp David Accords? | Under Jimmy Carter, Egypt and Israel reach an end to their dispute in 1978, and restore the Sinai Peninsula to pre-1967 borders
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